Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Plastic pollutionpollution (noun)The presence of harmful substances in the environment.≈ Synonym: contamination🇺🇿UZ: ifloslanish🇷🇺RU: загрязнение has become one of the greatest threatsthreat (noun)Things likely to cause harm or danger.≈ Synonym: dangers🇺🇿UZ: xavflar🇷🇺RU: угрозы to our oceans. Every year, millions of tonnestonne (noun)Units of weight equal to 1,000 kilograms.≈ Synonym: metric tons🇺🇿UZ: tonnalar🇷🇺RU: тонны of plastic waste end up in the sea, harmingharm (verb)Causing damage or injury.≈ Synonym: damaging🇺🇿UZ: zarar yetkazayotgan🇷🇺RU: вредящий marine lifemarine life (noun)Animals and plants living in the sea.≈ Synonym: sea life🇺🇿UZ: dengiz hayoti🇷🇺RU: морская жизнь and damagingdamage (verb)Causing harm to something.≈ Synonym: harming🇺🇿UZ: zararlayotgan🇷🇺RU: повреждающий delicatedelicate (adj)Easily damaged; fragile.≈ Synonym: fragile🇺🇿UZ: nozik🇷🇺RU: хрупкий ecosystemsecosystem (noun)Communities of living things and their environment.≈ Synonym: biological systems🇺🇿UZ: ekotizimlar🇷🇺RU: экосистемы. The problem is growing, but with globalglobal (adj)Relating to the whole world.≈ Synonym: worldwide🇺🇿UZ: global🇷🇺RU: глобальный efforteffort (noun)Physical or mental energy used to achieve something.≈ Synonym: endeavour🇺🇿UZ: harakat🇷🇺RU: усилие, it is possible to make a change.
One reason plastic is such a serious problem is that it does not break downbreak down (phrasal verb)To decompose into simpler parts naturally.≈ Synonym: decompose🇺🇿UZ: parchalanmoq🇷🇺RU: разлагаться easily. Unlike paper or food waste, plastic can take hundreds of years to decomposedecompose (verb)To break down naturally over time.≈ Synonym: break down🇺🇿UZ: chirimoq🇷🇺RU: разлагаться. Instead of disappearingdisappear (verb)Ceasing to exist or be seen.≈ Synonym: vanishing🇺🇿UZ: yo'qolib borayotgan🇷🇺RU: исчезающий, it breaks into smaller and smaller pieces called microplasticsmicroplastic (noun)Tiny pieces of plastic pollution less than 5mm long.≈ Synonym: plastic particles🇺🇿UZ: mikroplastik🇷🇺RU: микропластик. These tiny pieces can spreadspread (verb)To become distributed over a wide area.≈ Synonym: disperse🇺🇿UZ: tarqalmoq🇷🇺RU: распространяться through the water, making their way into the bodies of fish, seabirdsseabird (noun)Birds that live near or feed from the sea.≈ Synonym: sea birds🇺🇿UZ: dengiz qushlari🇷🇺RU: морские птицы, and other animals.
How does plastic get into the ocean? Much of it comes from the land. Plastic bags, bottles, food packagingpackaging (noun)Materials used to wrap or contain products.≈ Synonym: wrapping🇺🇿UZ: qadoqlash🇷🇺RU: упаковка, and other waste are often left as litterlitter (noun)Rubbish left in a public place.≈ Synonym: rubbish🇺🇿UZ: axlat🇷🇺RU: мусор or end up in rivers, which carrycarry (verb)To transport something from one place to another.≈ Synonym: transport🇺🇿UZ: olib bormoq🇷🇺RU: переносить them to the sea. Fishing netsfishing net (noun)Nets used to catch fish.≈ Synonym: nets🇺🇿UZ: baliq tutish to'rlari🇷🇺RU: рыболовные сети, ropes, and other equipmentequipment (noun)Items needed for a particular purpose.≈ Synonym: gear🇺🇿UZ: jihozlar🇷🇺RU: оборудование lost or thrown away by fishing boats also add to the problem. In some places, poor waste managementwaste management (noun)The handling and disposal of waste.≈ Synonym: rubbish handling🇺🇿UZ: chiqindilarni boshqarish🇷🇺RU: управление отходами systems mean that rubbish is not collectedcollect (verb)Gathered together from various places.≈ Synonym: gathered🇺🇿UZ: yig'ilgan🇷🇺RU: собран or treatedtreat (verb)Processed using a chemical or other agent.≈ Synonym: processed🇺🇿UZ: qayta ishlangan🇷🇺RU: обработан properly and washeswash (verb)Carries or flows into a place.≈ Synonym: flows🇺🇿UZ: oqib boradi🇷🇺RU: смывается into the ocean during storms.
The impact of plastic pollution on marine life is shockingshocking (adj)Causing a feeling of surprise and disgust.≈ Synonym: alarming🇺🇿UZ: hayratlanarli (dahshatli)🇷🇺RU: шокирующий. Sea turtlesturtle (noun)Reptiles with a hard shell that live near water.≈ Synonym: sea turtles🇺🇿UZ: toshbaqalar🇷🇺RU: черепахи may mistakemistake (verb)To wrongly identify one thing as another.≈ Synonym: confuse🇺🇿UZ: adashtirmoq🇷🇺RU: принимать за plastic bags for jellyfishjellyfish (noun)A sea creature with a soft, transparent body.≈ Synonym: sea jelly🇺🇿UZ: chirchak🇷🇺RU: медуза and eat them, which can blockblock (verb)To obstruct or prevent movement through something.≈ Synonym: obstruct🇺🇿UZ: to'sib qo'ymoq🇷🇺RU: закупоривать their stomachs and cause death. Birds like albatrossesalbatross (noun)Large seabirds with long wings.≈ Synonym: large seabirds🇺🇿UZ: albatroslar🇷🇺RU: альбатросы often feed pieces of plastic to their chickschick (noun)Baby birds.≈ Synonym: baby birds🇺🇿UZ: jo'jalar🇷🇺RU: птенцы without realisingrealise (verb)Becoming aware of something.≈ Synonym: understanding🇺🇿UZ: anglab🇷🇺RU: осознавая it. Fish and shellfishshellfish (noun)Sea creatures with a shell, such as crabs or mussels.≈ Synonym: crustaceans🇺🇿UZ: qisqichbaqasimonlar🇷🇺RU: моллюски can swallowswallow (verb)To make something pass down the throat.≈ Synonym: ingest🇺🇿UZ: yutmoq🇷🇺RU: проглатывать microplastics, and these may then enter the human food chainfood chain (noun)The series of living things linked by what they eat.≈ Synonym: ecosystem chain🇺🇿UZ: oziq-ovqat zanjiri🇷🇺RU: пищевая цепь when people eat seafood.
In addition to harming animals, plastic pollution damages coral reefscoral reef (noun)Underwater structures made of coral, rich in wildlife.≈ Synonym: coral formations🇺🇿UZ: marjon riflari🇷🇺RU: коралловые рифы and beaches, and it affects the fishing and tourismtourism (noun)The business of attracting and hosting visitors.≈ Synonym: travel industry🇺🇿UZ: turizm🇷🇺RU: туризм industriesindustry (noun)Branches of economic activity.≈ Synonym: sectors🇺🇿UZ: sanoat tarmoqlari🇷🇺RU: отрасли that depend ondepend on (verb)To rely on something for support or existence.≈ Synonym: rely on🇺🇿UZ: bog'liq bo'lmoq🇷🇺RU: зависеть от healthy seas.
So, what can be done to stop this growing problem? One important step is to reduce the use of single-usesingle-use (adj)Designed to be used only once.≈ Synonym: disposable🇺🇿UZ: bir martalik🇷🇺RU: одноразовый plastics — things like plastic strawsstraw (noun)Thin tubes used for drinking.≈ Synonym: drinking tubes🇺🇿UZ: somonchalar🇷🇺RU: трубочки для питья, bags, and packaging that are used once and thrown away. Many countries have introducedintroduce (verb)Brought in a new law or system.≈ Synonym: brought in🇺🇿UZ: joriy qilgan🇷🇺RU: ввели bansban (noun)Official rules forbidding something.≈ Synonym: prohibitions🇺🇿UZ: taqiqlar🇷🇺RU: запреты or taxestax (noun)Money paid to the government.≈ Synonym: levies🇺🇿UZ: soliqlar🇷🇺RU: налоги on plastic bags, and some companies are finding new ways to package products using paper or other materialsmaterial (noun)Substances used to make things.≈ Synonym: substances🇺🇿UZ: materiallar🇷🇺RU: материалы.
Recyclingrecycling (noun)The process of converting waste into reusable material.≈ Synonym: reprocessing🇺🇿UZ: qayta ishlash🇷🇺RU: переработка is another key solutionsolution (noun)A way of solving a problem.≈ Synonym: answer🇺🇿UZ: yechim🇷🇺RU: решение, although it is not enough on its own. We need better waste management systems, especially in developingdeveloping (adj)Relating to a country with a growing economy.≈ Synonym: emerging🇺🇿UZ: rivojlanayotgan🇷🇺RU: развивающийся countries, so that rubbish is collected and treated properly. Cleaning up plastic that is already in the ocean is also important, but it is a difficultdifficult (adj)Not easy; hard to do.≈ Synonym: hard🇺🇿UZ: qiyin🇷🇺RU: трудный and expensiveexpensive (adj)Costing a lot of money.≈ Synonym: costly🇺🇿UZ: qimmat🇷🇺RU: дорогой task.
Perhaps most important is raising awarenessraise awareness (verb)To help more people know about an issue.≈ Synonym: spreading awareness🇺🇿UZ: xabardorlikni oshirish🇷🇺RU: повышение осведомлённости. When people understand how serious the problem is, they are more likely to change their habitshabit (noun)Regular practices or customs.≈ Synonym: routines🇺🇿UZ: odatlar🇷🇺RU: привычки and support action to protect the oceans.
In conclusion, plastic pollution is a growing problem, but by working together, we can reduce the harm it causes and help keep our oceans clean for future generationsfuture generations (noun)People who will be born and live in the future.≈ Synonym: descendants🇺🇿UZ: kelajak avlodlari🇷🇺RU: будущие поколения.