Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Plastic pollution has become one of the greatest threatsthreat (noun)Things likely to cause harm or danger.≈ Synonym: dangers🇺🇿UZ: xavf, tahdid🇷🇺RU: угроза to our oceans. Every year, millions of tonnes of plastic waste end up in the sea, harmingharm (verb)Causing damage or injury.≈ Synonym: damaging🇺🇿UZ: zarar yetkazmoq🇷🇺RU: вредить marine lifemarine life (noun)Animals and plants living in the sea.≈ Synonym: sea life🇺🇿UZ: dengiz hayoti🇷🇺RU: морская жизнь and damagingdamage (verb)Causing harm to something.≈ Synonym: harming🇺🇿UZ: shikastlamoq, zarar yetkazmoq🇷🇺RU: повреждать delicatedelicate (adj)Easily damaged; fragile.≈ Synonym: fragile🇺🇿UZ: nozik🇷🇺RU: хрупкий ecosystemsecosystem (noun)Communities of living things and their environment.≈ Synonym: biological systems🇺🇿UZ: ekotizim🇷🇺RU: экосистема. The problem is growing, but with global effort, it is possible to make a change.
One reason plastic is such a serious problem is that it does not break downbreak down (phrasal verb)To decompose into simpler parts naturally.≈ Synonym: decompose🇺🇿UZ: parchalanmoq🇷🇺RU: разлагаться easily. Unlike paper or food waste, plastic can take hundreds of years to decomposedecompose (verb)To break down naturally over time.≈ Synonym: break down🇺🇿UZ: chirimoq🇷🇺RU: разлагаться. Instead of disappearingdisappear (verb)Ceasing to exist or be seen.≈ Synonym: vanishing🇺🇿UZ: yo'qolmoq🇷🇺RU: исчезать, it breaks into smaller and smaller pieces called microplasticsmicroplastic (noun)Tiny pieces of plastic pollution less than 5mm long.≈ Synonym: plastic particles🇺🇿UZ: mikroplastik🇷🇺RU: микропластик. These tiny pieces can spreadspread (verb)To become distributed over a wide area.≈ Synonym: disperse🇺🇿UZ: tarqalmoq🇷🇺RU: распространяться through the water, making their way into the bodies of fish, seabirdsseabird (noun)Birds that live near or feed from the sea.≈ Synonym: sea birds🇺🇿UZ: dengiz qushi🇷🇺RU: морская птица, and other animals.
How does plastic get into the ocean? Much of it comes from the land. Plastic bags, bottles, food packagingpackaging (noun)Materials used to wrap or contain products.≈ Synonym: wrapping🇺🇿UZ: qadoqlash🇷🇺RU: упаковка, and other waste are often left as litterlitter (noun)Rubbish left in a public place.≈ Synonym: rubbish🇺🇿UZ: axlat🇷🇺RU: мусор or end up in rivers, which carry them to the sea. Fishing netsfishing net (noun)Nets used to catch fish.≈ Synonym: nets🇺🇿UZ: baliq ovlash to'ri🇷🇺RU: рыболовная сеть, ropes, and other equipmentequipment (noun)Items needed for a particular purpose.≈ Synonym: gear🇺🇿UZ: jihozlar🇷🇺RU: оборудование lost or thrown away by fishing boats also add to the problem. In some places, poor waste managementwaste management (noun)The handling and disposal of waste.≈ Synonym: rubbish handling🇺🇿UZ: chiqindilarni boshqarish🇷🇺RU: управление отходами systems mean that rubbish is not collected or treatedtreat (verb)Processed using a chemical or other agent.≈ Synonym: processed🇺🇿UZ: qayta ishlamoq, tozalamoq🇷🇺RU: обрабатывать, очищать properly and washeswash (verb)Carries or flows into a place.≈ Synonym: flows🇺🇿UZ: (suv bilan) oqib ketmoq🇷🇺RU: смывать(ся) into the ocean during storms.
The impact of plastic pollution on marine life is shockingshocking (adj)Causing a feeling of surprise and disgust.≈ Synonym: alarming🇺🇿UZ: hayratlanarli (dahshatli)🇷🇺RU: шокирующий. Sea turtles may mistakemistake (verb)To wrongly identify one thing as another.≈ Synonym: confuse🇺🇿UZ: (...ni ...deb) adashtirmoq🇷🇺RU: принимать (за кого-то/что-то) plastic bags for jellyfish and eat them, which can blockblock (verb)To obstruct or prevent movement through something.≈ Synonym: obstruct🇺🇿UZ: to'smoq, bekitmoq🇷🇺RU: блокировать, закупоривать their stomachs and cause death. Birds like albatrossesalbatross (noun)Large seabirds with long wings.≈ Synonym: large seabirds🇺🇿UZ: albatros (dengiz qushi)🇷🇺RU: альбатрос often feed pieces of plastic to their chicks without realisingrealise (verb)Becoming aware of something.≈ Synonym: understanding🇺🇿UZ: anglamoq🇷🇺RU: осознавать it. Fish and shellfishshellfish (noun)Sea creatures with a shell, such as crabs or mussels.≈ Synonym: crustaceans🇺🇿UZ: qisqichbaqasimonlar🇷🇺RU: моллюски can swallowswallow (verb)To make something pass down the throat.≈ Synonym: ingest🇺🇿UZ: yutmoq🇷🇺RU: проглатывать microplastics, and these may then enter the human food chainfood chain (noun)The series of living things linked by what they eat.≈ Synonym: ecosystem chain🇺🇿UZ: oziq-ovqat zanjiri🇷🇺RU: пищевая цепь when people eat seafood.
In addition to harming animals, plastic pollution damages coral reefscoral reef (noun)Underwater structures made of coral, rich in wildlife.≈ Synonym: coral formations🇺🇿UZ: marjon rifi🇷🇺RU: коралловый риф and beaches, and it affects the fishing and tourism industriesindustry (noun)Branches of economic activity.≈ Synonym: sectors🇺🇿UZ: sanoat, soha🇷🇺RU: отрасль that depend ondepend on (verb)To rely on something for support or existence.≈ Synonym: rely on🇺🇿UZ: bog'liq bo'lmoq🇷🇺RU: зависеть от healthy seas.
So, what can be done to stop this growing problem? One important step is to reduce the use of single-usesingle-use (adj)Designed to be used only once.≈ Synonym: disposable🇺🇿UZ: bir martalik🇷🇺RU: одноразовый plastics — things like plastic strawsstraw (noun)Thin tubes used for drinking.≈ Synonym: drinking tubes🇺🇿UZ: ichimlik trubkasi🇷🇺RU: трубочка (для напитков), bags, and packaging that are used once and thrown away. Many countries have introducedintroduce (verb)Brought in a new law or system.≈ Synonym: brought in🇺🇿UZ: joriy etmoq🇷🇺RU: вводить bansban (noun)Official rules forbidding something.≈ Synonym: prohibitions🇺🇿UZ: taqiq🇷🇺RU: запрет or taxestax (noun)Money paid to the government.≈ Synonym: levies🇺🇿UZ: soliq🇷🇺RU: налог on plastic bags, and some companies are finding new ways to package products using paper or other materials.
Recyclingrecycling (noun)The process of converting waste into reusable material.≈ Synonym: reprocessing🇺🇿UZ: qayta ishlash🇷🇺RU: переработка is another key solution, although it is not enough on its own. We need better waste management systems, especially in developingdeveloping (adj)Relating to a country with a growing economy.≈ Synonym: emerging🇺🇿UZ: rivojlanayotgan🇷🇺RU: развивающийся countries, so that rubbish is collected and treated properly. Cleaning up plastic that is already in the ocean is also important, but it is a difficult and expensive task.
Perhaps most important is raising awarenessraise awareness (phr)To help more people know about an issue.≈ Synonym: spreading awareness🇺🇿UZ: xabardorlikni oshirmoq🇷🇺RU: повышать осведомлённость. When people understand how serious the problem is, they are more likely to change their habitshabit (noun)Regular practices or customs.≈ Synonym: routines🇺🇿UZ: odat🇷🇺RU: привычка and support action to protect the oceans.
In conclusion, plastic pollution is a growing problem, but by working together, we can reduce the harm it causes and help keep our oceans clean for future generationsfuture generations (noun)People who will be born and live in the future.≈ Synonym: descendants🇺🇿UZ: kelajak avlodlari🇷🇺RU: будущие поколения.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (90–120+ words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | threatnoun | xavf, tahdid | угроза | Plastic is a major threat to sea life. |
| 2 | harmverb | zarar yetkazmoq | вредить | These chemicals are harming the river. |
| 3 | marine lifenoun | dengiz hayoti | морская жизнь | Oil spills kill marine life. |
| 4 | damageverb | shikastlamoq, zarar yetkazmoq | повреждать | Too much sun can damage your skin. |
| 5 | delicateadjective | nozik | хрупкий | Coral is very delicate. |
| 6 | ecosystemnoun | ekotizim | экосистема | Wetlands are important ecosystems. |
| 7 | break downphrasal verb | parchalanmoq | разлагаться | Glass takes thousands of years to break down. |
| 8 | decomposeverb | chirimoq | разлагаться | Leaves decompose quickly in wet weather. |
| 9 | disappearverb | yo'qolmoq | исчезать | The old traditions are slowly disappearing. |
| 10 | microplasticnoun | mikroplastik | микропластик | Microplastics have been found in human blood. |
| 11 | spreadverb | tarqalmoq | распространяться | The fire spread to the next building. |
| 12 | seabirdnoun | dengiz qushi | морская птица | Seabirds nest on the cliffs. |
| 13 | packagingnoun | qadoqlash | упаковка | Supermarkets are using less plastic packaging. |
| 14 | litternoun | axlat | мусор | Don't drop litter in the street. |
| 15 | fishing netnoun | baliq ovlash to'ri | рыболовная сеть | A dolphin was caught in a fishing net. |
| 16 | equipmentnoun | jihozlar | оборудование | The school bought new sports equipment. |
| 17 | waste managementnoun | chiqindilarni boshqarish | управление отходами | Good waste management keeps the streets clean. |
| 18 | treatverb | qayta ishlamoq, tozalamoq | обрабатывать, очищать | Dirty water must be treated before it goes back into the river. |
| 19 | washverb | (suv bilan) oqib ketmoq | смывать(ся) | Rain washes rubbish from the streets into the river. |
| 20 | shockingadjective | hayratlanarli (dahshatli) | шокирующий | The news was shocking. |
| 21 | mistakeverb | (...ni ...deb) adashtirmoq | принимать (за кого-то/что-то) | Birds often mistake plastic for food. |
| 22 | blockverb | to'smoq, bekitmoq | блокировать, закупоривать | A fallen tree blocked the road. |
| 23 | albatrossnoun | albatros (dengiz qushi) | альбатрос | An albatross can fly for hours without moving its wings. |
| 24 | realiseverb | anglamoq | осознавать | I didn't realise how late it was. |
| 25 | shellfishnoun | qisqichbaqasimonlar | моллюски | Some people are allergic to shellfish. |
| 26 | swallowverb | yutmoq | проглатывать | This tablet is hard to swallow. |
| 27 | food chainnoun | oziq-ovqat zanjiri | пищевая цепь | Humans are at the top of the food chain. |
| 28 | coral reefnoun | marjon rifi | коралловый риф | Divers love to explore coral reefs. |
| 29 | industrynoun | sanoat, soha | отрасль | The fishing industry employs thousands of people. |
| 30 | depend onverb | bog'liq bo'lmoq | зависеть от | Many families depend on farming for their income. |
| 31 | single-useadjective | bir martalik | одноразовый | Try to avoid single-use plastic bottles. |
| 32 | strawnoun | ichimlik trubkasi | трубочка (для напитков) | Many cafés now use paper straws. |
| 33 | introduceverb | joriy etmoq | вводить | The city introduced a ban on plastic bags. |
| 34 | bannoun | taqiq | запрет | There is a ban on smoking in restaurants. |
| 35 | taxnoun | soliq | налог | There is a high tax on cigarettes. |
| 36 | recyclingnoun | qayta ishlash | переработка | Recycling paper saves trees. |
| 37 | developingadjective | rivojlanayotgan | развивающийся | Many developing countries need better roads. |
| 38 | raise awarenessphrase | xabardorlikni oshirmoq | повышать осведомлённость | The campaign aims to raise awareness of the dangers of smoking. |
| 39 | habitnoun | odat | привычка | Reading before bed is a good habit. |
| 40 | future generationsnoun | kelajak avlodlari | будущие поколения | We must leave a clean planet for future generations. |