Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Global trade is one of the key forcesforce (noun)Powerful influences that produce change.≈ Synonym: influences🇺🇿UZ: kuchlar🇷🇺RU: силы drivingdrive (verb)Causing or pushing forward a process.≈ Synonym: propelling🇺🇿UZ: harakatlantiruvchi🇷🇺RU: движущий globalisationglobalisation (noun)The process by which businesses operate internationally.≈ Synonym: global integration🇺🇿UZ: globallashuv🇷🇺RU: глобализация. It refers torefer to (verb)Describes or indicates something.≈ Synonym: means🇺🇿UZ: anglatadi🇷🇺RU: означает the buying and selling of goods and servicesservice (noun)Work done for others, not a physical product.≈ Synonym: assistance provided🇺🇿UZ: xizmatlar🇷🇺RU: услуги between countries. Today, it is hard to imagineimagine (verb)To form a picture of something in your mind.≈ Synonym: picture🇺🇿UZ: tasavvur qilmoq🇷🇺RU: представить a world without global trade. From smartphones and clothing to food and cars, many of the productsproduct (noun)Things made or grown for sale.≈ Synonym: goods🇺🇿UZ: mahsulotlar🇷🇺RU: продукты we use every day are made up of parts from different countries or are shippedship (verb)Transported goods, especially over distance.≈ Synonym: transported🇺🇿UZ: tashilgan🇷🇺RU: перевезены from one side of the world to the other. But while global trade brings many benefits, it also presentspresent (verb)Introduces or causes something to exist.≈ Synonym: poses🇺🇿UZ: keltirib chiqaradi🇷🇺RU: представляет risks and challenges that need carefulcareful (adj)Giving serious attention to avoid harm.≈ Synonym: cautious🇺🇿UZ: ehtiyotkorlik bilan🇷🇺RU: внимательный attention.
One of the main benefits of global trade is greater choicechoice (noun)The range of things available to select from.≈ Synonym: options🇺🇿UZ: tanlov🇷🇺RU: выбор for consumersconsumer (noun)People who buy goods or services.≈ Synonym: buyers🇺🇿UZ: iste'molchilar🇷🇺RU: потребители. Thanks to trade, people can enjoy goods that are not produced locallylocally (adverb)In or relating to a particular area.≈ Synonym: in the local area🇺🇿UZ: mahalliy ravishda🇷🇺RU: локально. For example, people living in cold countries can buy tropicaltropical (adj)Relating to the hot regions near the equator.≈ Synonym: equatorial🇺🇿UZ: tropik🇷🇺RU: тропический fruits like bananas and mangoes. People in Europe can drive Japanese cars, and people in Africa can use mobile phones made in China. In addition to choice, trade often leads to lowerlower (adj)Smaller in amount or level.≈ Synonym: reduced🇺🇿UZ: pastroq🇷🇺RU: ниже pricesprice (noun)The amounts of money needed to buy something.≈ Synonym: costs🇺🇿UZ: narxlar🇷🇺RU: цены. When companies can buy materialsmaterial (noun)Substances used to make things.≈ Synonym: raw materials🇺🇿UZ: materiallar🇷🇺RU: материалы or goods from different countries, they can choose the most cost-effectivecost-effective (adj)Producing good value for the money spent.≈ Synonym: economical🇺🇿UZ: tejamli🇷🇺RU: экономически выгодный option. This can help keep prices low for consumers.
Global trade also helps countries grow their economieseconomy (noun)The systems of trade and industry of a country.≈ Synonym: economic systems🇺🇿UZ: iqtisodiyotlar🇷🇺RU: экономики. By selling goods and services to other nationsnation (noun)Countries considered as political communities.≈ Synonym: countries🇺🇿UZ: davlatlar🇷🇺RU: нации, countries can earn money and createcreate (verb)To bring something into existence.≈ Synonym: generate🇺🇿UZ: yaratmoq🇷🇺RU: создавать jobs. This is especially important for developingdeveloping (adj)Relating to a country with a growing economy.≈ Synonym: emerging🇺🇿UZ: rivojlanayotgan🇷🇺RU: развивающийся countries that produce goods like coffee, tea, textilestextile (noun)Cloth or woven fabric.≈ Synonym: fabrics🇺🇿UZ: to'qimachilik mahsulotlari🇷🇺RU: текстиль, or electronicselectronics (noun)Devices that use electronic components.≈ Synonym: electronic goods🇺🇿UZ: elektronika🇷🇺RU: электроника for the world marketmarket (noun)A system in which goods are bought and sold.≈ Synonym: marketplace🇺🇿UZ: bozor🇷🇺RU: рынок. Trade can also encourageencourage (verb)To give support or confidence to do something.≈ Synonym: promote🇺🇿UZ: rag'batlantirmoq🇷🇺RU: поощрять innovationinnovation (noun)The introduction of new ideas or methods.≈ Synonym: invention🇺🇿UZ: innovatsiya🇷🇺RU: инновация and improve the qualityquality (noun)The standard of something as measured against others.≈ Synonym: standard🇺🇿UZ: sifat🇷🇺RU: качество of goods, as companies competecompete (verb)To try to win or succeed against others.≈ Synonym: rival🇺🇿UZ: raqobatlashmoq🇷🇺RU: конкурировать globally to attract customers.
However, global trade is not without risks. One concernconcern (noun)A worry about a matter.≈ Synonym: worry🇺🇿UZ: tashvish🇷🇺RU: опасение is that it can lead to job lossesloss (noun)Instances of no longer having something.≈ Synonym: reductions🇺🇿UZ: yo'qotishlar🇷🇺RU: потери in certain industries. For example, if a company moves its production to another country where wageswage (noun)Regular payments for work done.≈ Synonym: pay🇺🇿UZ: ish haqi🇷🇺RU: зарплата are lower, workers in the original country may lose their jobs. In many developeddeveloped (adj)Having an advanced economy and infrastructure.≈ Synonym: industrialised🇺🇿UZ: rivojlangan🇷🇺RU: развитый countries, some factory jobs have disappeareddisappear (verb)Ceased to exist or be seen.≈ Synonym: vanished🇺🇿UZ: yo'qolgan🇷🇺RU: исчезли as companies have moved production to places where it is cheaper to make goods.
Another risk is that global trade can harm the environment. Goods are often transportedtransport (verb)Moved from one place to another.≈ Synonym: moved🇺🇿UZ: tashilgan🇷🇺RU: перевозятся long distancesdistance (noun)Amounts of space between two points.≈ Synonym: spans🇺🇿UZ: masofalar🇷🇺RU: расстояния by ship, plane, or truck. This uses a lot of energy and produces pollutionpollution (noun)The presence of harmful substances in the environment.≈ Synonym: contamination🇺🇿UZ: ifloslanish🇷🇺RU: загрязнение. In addition, factories in some countries may have weakerweak (adj)Less strict or strong.≈ Synonym: less strict🇺🇿UZ: kuchsizroq🇷🇺RU: слабее environmentalenvironmental (adj)Relating to the natural world.≈ Synonym: ecological🇺🇿UZ: ekologik🇷🇺RU: экологический rules, which can lead to more damage to the air, water, and land.
Global trade can also increase inequalityinequality (noun)Unfair differences between groups.≈ Synonym: unfairness🇺🇿UZ: tengsizlik🇷🇺RU: неравенство. Large internationalinternational (adj)Involving more than one country.≈ Synonym: global🇺🇿UZ: xalqaro🇷🇺RU: международный companies often benefit the most from global trade, while small local businesses may strugglestruggle (verb)To have great difficulty doing something.≈ Synonym: find it hard🇺🇿UZ: qiynalmoq🇷🇺RU: бороться to compete. In some cases, workers in developing countries may be paid low wages and work in poor conditionscondition (noun)Circumstances affecting how something exists.≈ Synonym: circumstances🇺🇿UZ: sharoitlar🇷🇺RU: условия, while the profitsprofit (noun)Financial gain from business activity.≈ Synonym: earnings🇺🇿UZ: foyda🇷🇺RU: прибыль go to large companies in wealthierwealthy (adj)Having a great deal of money; richer.≈ Synonym: richer🇺🇿UZ: boyroq🇷🇺RU: богаче nations.
In response to these risks, governments and international organisationsorganisation (noun)Groups of people with a particular purpose.≈ Synonym: institutions🇺🇿UZ: tashkilotlar🇷🇺RU: организации try to set fairfair (adj)Treating people equally and justly.≈ Synonym: just🇺🇿UZ: adolatli🇷🇺RU: справедливый rules for global trade. Trade agreementsagreement (noun)Arrangements formally accepted by parties.≈ Synonym: deals🇺🇿UZ: kelishuvlar🇷🇺RU: соглашения between countries can help ensure that goods move smoothlysmoothly (adverb)Without difficulty or interruption.≈ Synonym: without problems🇺🇿UZ: silliq🇷🇺RU: гладко across bordersborder (noun)Lines separating two countries.≈ Synonym: boundaries🇺🇿UZ: chegaralar🇷🇺RU: границы, but they can also include rules to protect workers' rights and the environment. Organisations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) work to settlesettle (verb)To resolve a disagreement.≈ Synonym: resolve🇺🇿UZ: hal qilmoq🇷🇺RU: урегулировать disputesdispute (noun)Disagreements or arguments.≈ Synonym: conflicts🇺🇿UZ: nizolar🇷🇺RU: споры between countries and promotepromote (verb)To support or actively encourage something.≈ Synonym: encourage🇺🇿UZ: targ'ib qilmoq🇷🇺RU: продвигать fair trade practices.
Consumers also have a role to play. By choosing to buy fair tradefair trade (noun)Trade ensuring fair prices are paid to producers.≈ Synonym: ethical trade🇺🇿UZ: adolatli savdo🇷🇺RU: справедливая торговля or environmentally friendlyenvironmentally friendly (adj)Not harmful to the environment.≈ Synonym: eco-friendly🇺🇿UZ: ekologik toza🇷🇺RU: экологичный products, they can support businesses that respectrespect (verb)To admire and consider the rights of others.≈ Synonym: honour🇺🇿UZ: hurmat qilmoq🇷🇺RU: уважать workers and protect the environment. More people are becoming aware of how their shopping choices affect the world, and this can help push companies towards betterbetter (adj)Of higher quality; improved.≈ Synonym: improved🇺🇿UZ: yaxshiroq🇷🇺RU: лучше practicespractice (noun)The actual application of methods.≈ Synonym: methods🇺🇿UZ: amaliyotlar🇷🇺RU: практики.
In conclusion, global trade brings great benefits, offering more choice, lower prices, and new jobs. But it also creates challenges, including job losses, environmental damage, and inequality. The key is to managemanage (verb)To control or organise something.≈ Synonym: control🇺🇿UZ: boshqarmoq🇷🇺RU: управлять trade carefully so that its advantagesadvantage (noun)Beneficial features of something.≈ Synonym: benefits🇺🇿UZ: afzalliklar🇷🇺RU: преимущества are shared fairly and its risks are reducedreduce (verb)Made smaller in amount.≈ Synonym: decreased🇺🇿UZ: kamaytirilgan🇷🇺RU: снижены.