Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Global trade is one of the key forcesforce (noun)Powerful influences that produce change.≈ Synonym: influences🇺🇿UZ: kuch, omil🇷🇺RU: сила drivingdrive (verb)Causing or pushing forward a process.≈ Synonym: propelling🇺🇿UZ: harakatga keltirmoq, undamoq🇷🇺RU: двигать, стимулировать globalisationglobalisation (noun)The process by which businesses operate internationally.≈ Synonym: global integration🇺🇿UZ: globallashuv🇷🇺RU: глобализация. It refers torefer to (phrasal verb)Describes or indicates something.≈ Synonym: means🇺🇿UZ: anglatmoq, nazarda tutmoq🇷🇺RU: означать, относиться к the buying and selling of goods and servicesservice (noun)Work done for others, not a physical product.≈ Synonym: assistance provided🇺🇿UZ: xizmat🇷🇺RU: услуга between countries. Today, it is hard to imagine a world without global trade. From smartphones and clothing to food and cars, many of the products we use every day are made up of parts from different countries or are shippedship (verb)Transported goods, especially over distance.≈ Synonym: transported🇺🇿UZ: jo'natmoq, yetkazmoq🇷🇺RU: отправлять, перевозить from one side of the world to the other. But while global trade brings many benefits, it also presentspresent (verb)Introduces or causes something to exist.≈ Synonym: poses🇺🇿UZ: keltirib chiqarmoq, yuzaga keltirmoq🇷🇺RU: представлять, создавать risks and challenges that need careful attention.
One of the main benefits of global trade is greater choice for consumersconsumer (noun)People who buy goods or services.≈ Synonym: buyers🇺🇿UZ: iste'molchi🇷🇺RU: потребитель. Thanks to trade, people can enjoy goods that are not produced locally. For example, people living in cold countries can buy tropical fruits like bananas and mangoes. People in Europe can drive Japanese cars, and people in Africa can use mobile phones made in China. In addition to choice, trade often leads to lower prices. When companies can buy materials or goods from different countries, they can choose the most cost-effectivecost-effective (adj)Producing good value for the money spent.≈ Synonym: economical🇺🇿UZ: tejamkor, foydali🇷🇺RU: экономически выгодный option. This can help keep prices low for consumers.
Global trade also helps countries grow their economieseconomy (noun)The systems of trade and industry of a country.≈ Synonym: economic systems🇺🇿UZ: iqtisodiyot🇷🇺RU: экономика. By selling goods and services to other nationsnation (noun)Countries considered as political communities.≈ Synonym: countries🇺🇿UZ: davlat, xalq🇷🇺RU: нация, страна, countries can earn money and create jobs. This is especially important for developing countries that produce goods like coffee, tea, textilestextile (noun)Cloth or woven fabric.≈ Synonym: fabrics🇺🇿UZ: to'qimachilik mahsuloti🇷🇺RU: текстиль, ткань, or electronicselectronics (noun)Devices that use electronic components.≈ Synonym: electronic goods🇺🇿UZ: elektronika🇷🇺RU: электроника for the world market. Trade can also encourageencourage (verb)To give support or confidence to do something.≈ Synonym: promote🇺🇿UZ: rag'batlantirmoq🇷🇺RU: поощрять innovationinnovation (noun)The introduction of new ideas or methods.≈ Synonym: invention🇺🇿UZ: innovatsiya🇷🇺RU: инновация and improve the quality of goods, as companies compete globally to attract customers.
However, global trade is not without risks. One concernconcern (noun)A worry about a matter.≈ Synonym: worry🇺🇿UZ: tashvish🇷🇺RU: опасение is that it can lead to job lossesloss (noun)Instances of no longer having something.≈ Synonym: reductions🇺🇿UZ: yo'qotish🇷🇺RU: потеря in certain industries. For example, if a company moves its production to another country where wageswage (noun)Regular payments for work done.≈ Synonym: pay🇺🇿UZ: ish haqi🇷🇺RU: заработная плата are lower, workers in the original country may lose their jobs. In many developed countries, some factory jobs have disappeared as companies have moved production to places where it is cheaper to make goods.
Another risk is that global trade can harm the environment. Goods are often transportedtransport (verb)Moved from one place to another.≈ Synonym: moved🇺🇿UZ: tashimoq🇷🇺RU: перевозить long distancesdistance (noun)Amounts of space between two points.≈ Synonym: spans🇺🇿UZ: masofa🇷🇺RU: расстояние by ship, plane, or truck. This uses a lot of energy and produces pollution. In addition, factories in some countries may have weakerweak (adj)Less strict or strong.≈ Synonym: less strict🇺🇿UZ: kuchsiz, zaif🇷🇺RU: слабый environmental rules, which can lead to more damage to the air, water, and land.
Global trade can also increase inequalityinequality (noun)Unfair differences between groups.≈ Synonym: unfairness🇺🇿UZ: tengsizlik🇷🇺RU: неравенство. Large international companies often benefit the most from global trade, while small local businesses may strugglestruggle (verb)To have great difficulty doing something.≈ Synonym: find it hard🇺🇿UZ: qiynalmoq, kurashmoq🇷🇺RU: с трудом справляться, бороться to compete. In some cases, workers in developing countries may be paid low wages and work in poor conditionscondition (noun)Circumstances affecting how something exists.≈ Synonym: circumstances🇺🇿UZ: sharoit🇷🇺RU: условия, while the profitsprofit (noun)Financial gain from business activity.≈ Synonym: earnings🇺🇿UZ: foyda🇷🇺RU: прибыль go to large companies in wealthierwealthy (adj)Having a great deal of money; richer.≈ Synonym: richer🇺🇿UZ: boy, badavlat🇷🇺RU: богатый nations.
In response to these risks, governments and international organisationsorganisation (noun)Groups of people with a particular purpose.≈ Synonym: institutions🇺🇿UZ: tashkilot🇷🇺RU: организация try to set fairfair (adj)Treating people equally and justly.≈ Synonym: just🇺🇿UZ: adolatli🇷🇺RU: справедливый rules for global trade. Trade agreementsagreement (noun)Arrangements formally accepted by parties.≈ Synonym: deals🇺🇿UZ: kelishuv, bitim🇷🇺RU: соглашение between countries can help ensure that goods move smoothlysmoothly (adverb)Without difficulty or interruption.≈ Synonym: without problems🇺🇿UZ: silliq, muammosiz🇷🇺RU: гладко, без проблем across bordersborder (noun)Lines separating two countries.≈ Synonym: boundaries🇺🇿UZ: chegara🇷🇺RU: граница, but they can also include rules to protect workers' rights and the environment. Organisations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) work to settlesettle (verb)To resolve a disagreement.≈ Synonym: resolve🇺🇿UZ: hal qilmoq (nizoni)🇷🇺RU: урегулировать disputesdispute (noun)Disagreements or arguments.≈ Synonym: conflicts🇺🇿UZ: nizo, bahs🇷🇺RU: спор, конфликт between countries and promotepromote (verb)To support or actively encourage something.≈ Synonym: encourage🇺🇿UZ: rivojlantirmoq, targ'ib qilmoq🇷🇺RU: продвигать, поддерживать fair trade practices.
Consumers also have a role to play. By choosing to buy fair tradefair trade (noun)Trade ensuring fair prices are paid to producers.≈ Synonym: ethical trade🇺🇿UZ: adolatli savdo🇷🇺RU: справедливая торговля or environmentally friendlyenvironmentally friendly (adj)Not harmful to the environment.≈ Synonym: eco-friendly🇺🇿UZ: atrof-muhitga zararsiz🇷🇺RU: экологичный products, they can support businesses that respect workers and protect the environment. More people are becoming aware of how their shopping choices affect the world, and this can help push companies towards better practicespractice (noun)The actual application of methods.≈ Synonym: methods🇺🇿UZ: amaliyot, usul🇷🇺RU: практика, метод.
In conclusion, global trade brings great benefits, offering more choice, lower prices, and new jobs. But it also creates challenges, including job losses, environmental damage, and inequality. The key is to managemanage (verb)To control or organise something.≈ Synonym: control🇺🇿UZ: boshqarmoq🇷🇺RU: управлять trade carefully so that its advantagesadvantage (noun)Beneficial features of something.≈ Synonym: benefits🇺🇿UZ: afzallik🇷🇺RU: преимущество are shared fairly and its risks are reducedreduce (verb)Made smaller in amount.≈ Synonym: decreased🇺🇿UZ: kamaytirmoq🇷🇺RU: сокращать, снижать.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (90–120+ words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | forcenoun | kuch, omil | сила | Technology is a powerful force for change. |
| 2 | driveverb | harakatga keltirmoq, undamoq | двигать, стимулировать | Tourism is driving the growth of the local economy. |
| 3 | globalisationnoun | globallashuv | глобализация | Globalisation means we can buy products from all over the world. |
| 4 | refer tophrasal verb | anglatmoq, nazarda tutmoq | означать, относиться к | The term 'Gen Z' refers to people born after 1997. |
| 5 | servicenoun | xizmat | услуга | Banks offer many online services. |
| 6 | shipverb | jo'natmoq, yetkazmoq | отправлять, перевозить | The order will be shipped tomorrow. |
| 7 | presentverb | keltirib chiqarmoq, yuzaga keltirmoq | представлять, создавать | The new job presents some challenges. |
| 8 | consumernoun | iste'molchi | потребитель | Consumers want cheaper and healthier food. |
| 9 | cost-effectiveadjective | tejamkor, foydali | экономически выгодный | Buses are a cost-effective way to travel. |
| 10 | economynoun | iqtisodiyot | экономика | Uzbekistan's economy is growing fast. |
| 11 | nationnoun | davlat, xalq | нация, страна | The United Nations has 193 member states. |
| 12 | textilenoun | to'qimachilik mahsuloti | текстиль, ткань | Uzbekistan exports textiles to Europe. |
| 13 | electronicsnoun | elektronika | электроника | This shop sells electronics like phones and laptops. |
| 14 | encourageverb | rag'batlantirmoq | поощрять | Low taxes encourage new businesses. |
| 15 | innovationnoun | innovatsiya | инновация | Silicon Valley is a centre of innovation. |
| 16 | concernnoun | tashvish | опасение | Rising prices are a major concern for families. |
| 17 | lossnoun | yo'qotish | потеря | The factory closed, with the loss of 300 jobs. |
| 18 | wagenoun | ish haqi | заработная плата | The minimum wage went up this year. |
| 19 | transportverb | tashimoq | перевозить | Fruit is transported in refrigerated trucks. |
| 20 | distancenoun | masofa | расстояние | We walked long distances every day. |
| 21 | weakadjective | kuchsiz, zaif | слабый | The currency is weaker than last year. |
| 22 | inequalitynoun | tengsizlik | неравенство | Inequality between rich and poor is growing. |
| 23 | struggleverb | qiynalmoq, kurashmoq | с трудом справляться, бороться | Many students struggle to pay their rent. |
| 24 | conditionnoun | sharoit | условия | Working conditions in the factory have improved. |
| 25 | profitnoun | foyda | прибыль | The company made a profit of $2 million. |
| 26 | wealthyadjective | boy, badavlat | богатый | Wealthy countries should help poorer ones. |
| 27 | organisationnoun | tashkilot | организация | She works for a charity organisation. |
| 28 | fairadjective | adolatli | справедливый | Everyone deserves a fair salary. |
| 29 | agreementnoun | kelishuv, bitim | соглашение | The two countries signed a trade agreement. |
| 30 | smoothlyadverb | silliq, muammosiz | гладко, без проблем | The exam went smoothly. |
| 31 | bordernoun | chegara | граница | We crossed the border into Kazakhstan. |
| 32 | settleverb | hal qilmoq (nizoni) | урегулировать | They settled the argument by talking. |
| 33 | disputenoun | nizo, bahs | спор, конфликт | There's a dispute between the neighbours about the fence. |
| 34 | promoteverb | rivojlantirmoq, targ'ib qilmoq | продвигать, поддерживать | The festival promotes local culture. |
| 35 | fair tradenoun | adolatli savdo | справедливая торговля | Fair trade coffee helps farmers get a better price. |
| 36 | environmentally friendlyadjective | atrof-muhitga zararsiz | экологичный | Paper bags are more environmentally friendly than plastic ones. |
| 37 | practicenoun | amaliyot, usul | практика, метод | Good farming practices protect the soil. |
| 38 | manageverb | boshqarmoq | управлять | She manages the family business. |
| 39 | advantagenoun | afzallik | преимущество | What are the advantages of living abroad? |
| 40 | reduceverb | kamaytirmoq | сокращать, снижать | The shop has reduced its prices. |