B2verb01
navigate
to find your way from one place to another
Synonymsfind your waysteerguide
🇺🇿yo‘l topmoq, harakatlanmoq
🇷🇺ориентироваться, прокладывать путь
- B1Taxi drivers navigate busy streets with the help of apps.
- B2It is hard to navigate the old city without a map.
- C1Birds navigate thousands of kilometres every autumn using the sun, the stars and the Earth's magnetic field.
C1adjective02
featureless
without any interesting or noticeable parts
Synonymsplainflatempty
🇺🇿bir xil, ko‘zga tashlanadigan joyi yo‘q
🇷🇺однообразный, без ориентиров
- B1We drove for hours across a featureless desert.
- B2The new office building has a grey, featureless front.
- C1Sailors can easily get lost on a featureless sea without stars or instruments to guide them.
B2verb03
scramble
to climb or move quickly and with difficulty, using your hands
Synonymsclamberclimbcrawl
🇺🇿tirmashib chiqmoq
🇷🇺карабкаться
- B1The children scrambled up the rocks to see the river.
- B2We had to scramble over a fallen tree on the path.
- C1When the rain started, everyone scrambled to find shelter under the trees and bridges.
B2noun04
obstacle
something that blocks your way or makes progress difficult
Synonymsbarrierhurdleobstruction
- B1A big rock was an obstacle on the mountain road.
- B2Lack of money is the main obstacle to my plans.
- C1For many students, poor English is the biggest obstacle to studying at a foreign university.
C1noun05
pinhead
the very small round top of a pin; something extremely small
Synonymsdotspecktiny point
🇺🇿to‘g‘nog‘ich boshi
🇷🇺булавочная головка
- B1The bug was no bigger than a pinhead.
- B2The camera in the phone is the size of a pinhead.
- C1Some computer chips have millions of parts in a space smaller than a pinhead.
C2noun06
biomimetics
copying designs and processes from nature to solve human problems
Synonymsbio-inspired designnature-inspired engineeringbiomimicry
🇺🇿biomimetika, tabiatdan nusxa olish
🇷🇺биомиметика
- B1Biomimetics uses ideas from plants and animals in engineering.
- B2Velcro is a famous example of biomimetics, inspired by plant seeds.
- C1Engineers working in biomimetics studied birds' wings to design quieter and more efficient trains.
B2noun07
delegate
a person sent to a conference to represent others
Synonymsrepresentativeparticipantenvoy
🇺🇿delegat, vakil
🇷🇺делегат
- B1Each country sent five delegates to the meeting.
- B2Two delegates from our university went to the conference.
- C1The delegates discussed new ways to protect the oceans during the three-day conference.
B2noun08
landmark
an object or building that is easy to see and helps you know where you are
Synonymsmarkerreference pointsight
🇺🇿mo‘ljal, diqqatga sazovor joy
🇷🇺ориентир
- B1The TV tower is a famous landmark in Tashkent.
- B2Turn left at the big mosque; it's a good landmark.
- C1Before smartphones, people gave directions using landmarks like shops, schools and bridges.
C1verb09
orient
to find out exactly where you are or which way you are facing
Synonymsget your bearingspositionlocate
🇺🇿yo‘nalishni aniqlamoq
🇷🇺ориентироваться
- B1I oriented myself by looking at the mountains.
- B2It took us a few minutes to orient ourselves in the new airport.
- C1Hikers carry a compass to orient themselves when clouds hide the sun and the path disappears.
B2noun10
perspective
a particular angle or position from which something is seen
Synonymsangleviewpointvantage point
🇺🇿burchak, ko‘rish nuqtasi
🇷🇺ракурс, угол зрения
- B1The photo was taken from an unusual perspective.
- B2From this perspective, the building looks much taller.
- C1Drawing teachers explain how perspective makes distant objects look smaller than near ones.
C1adjective11
panoramic
showing a wide view of a whole area
Synonymswide-anglesweepingall-round
🇺🇿panoramali, keng manzarali
🇷🇺панорамный
- B1The hotel has panoramic views of the mountains.
- B2She took a panoramic photo of the city from the hill.
- C1The restaurant on the top floor offers a panoramic view of Tashkent at night.
C1noun phrase12
navigational aid
something that helps people find their way
Synonymsguidemarkerdirection tool
🇺🇿navigatsiya vositasi
🇷🇺навигационное средство
- B1Stars were the first navigational aids for travellers.
- B2A lighthouse is an important navigational aid for ships.
- C1Modern pilots use many navigational aids, but they still learn to read paper maps.
C1verb13
forage
to search a wide area for food
Synonymssearch for foodhuntscavenge
🇺🇿oziq-ovqat izlamoq
🇷🇺добывать корм
- B1Bears forage for berries before winter.
- B2Birds forage for seeds in the fields after harvest.
- C1In autumn, families in the village forage in the hills for walnuts and wild mushrooms.
C2noun phrase14
polarised light
light whose waves move in one direction only
Synonymsfiltered lightdirectional lightpolarized light
🇺🇿qutblangan yorug‘lik
🇷🇺поляризованный свет
- B1Some sunglasses block polarised light to reduce glare.
- B2Bees can see polarised light, which humans cannot.
- C1Scientists use polarised light to study the tiny structures inside crystals and rocks.
B2noun15
rim
the outer edge of something round
Synonymsedgeborderbrim
🇺🇿chet, gardish
🇷🇺край, ободок
- B1The cup has a gold rim.
- B2There was dust on the rim of the old glasses.
- C1The volcano's rim is so high that climbers can see three countries from the top.
B2noun16
snapshot
a photo taken quickly, or a short view of a situation at one moment
Synonymsphotopicturequick view
🇺🇿lahzalik surat
🇷🇺моментальный снимок
- B1My father took a quick snapshot of us at the station.
- B2The survey gives a snapshot of how teenagers spend their time.
- C1The report gives a useful snapshot of the city's economy at the start of the year.
C1adverb17
periodically
regularly, from time to time
Synonymsregularlyat intervalsfrom time to time
🇺🇿vaqti-vaqti bilan
🇷🇺периодически
- B1The nurse periodically checked the patient's temperature.
- B2My phone periodically reminds me to drink water.
- C1The bridge is periodically closed so that engineers can inspect it for damage.
C1adverb18
simultaneously
at exactly the same time
Synonymsat the same timeconcurrentlytogether
🇺🇿bir vaqtning o‘zida
🇷🇺одновременно
- B1Two students answered the question simultaneously.
- B2The film was released simultaneously in ten countries.
- C1Good drivers watch the road, the mirrors and the traffic lights almost simultaneously.
C1verb phrase19
stay aloft
to remain in the air
Synonymskeep flyingremain airbornefloat
🇺🇿havoda qolmoq
🇷🇺держаться в воздухе
- B1The kite stayed aloft for over an hour.
- B2Eagles can stay aloft without moving their wings.
- C1Small drones can only stay aloft for about twenty minutes before their batteries run out.
B2verb20
hover
to stay in the same place in the air
Synonymsfloathangremain still
🇺🇿bir joyda muallaq turmoq
🇷🇺парить, зависать
- B1A small bee hovered over the flowers in our garden.
- B2The police helicopter hovered above the river for almost an hour.
- C1The drone hovered above the wedding to film the guests from above.
C2adverb21
reciprocally
in a way where two things move or act in opposite directions in turn
Synonymsalternatelyin turnback and forth
🇺🇿navbatma-navbat, o‘zaro
🇷🇺попеременно, взаимно
- B1The pistons move reciprocally inside the engine.
- B2The two parts of the machine move reciprocally.
- C1The wings of the robot beat reciprocally, one pair rising as the other falls.
B2noun22
terrain
an area of land, especially when describing its natural features
Synonymsgroundlandlandscape
🇺🇿yer relyefi, joy
🇷🇺местность, рельеф
- B1Jeeps are good for driving on rough terrain.
- B2The mountain terrain made the walk very difficult.
- C1The army trained in difficult terrain to prepare for missions in the mountains.
B2noun phrase23
all-terrain vehicle
a vehicle that can travel over any kind of ground
Synonymsoff-road vehicleATVfour-by-four
🇺🇿har qanday yo‘lda yuruvchi transport
🇷🇺вездеход
- B1We rode an all-terrain vehicle in the desert.
- B2Farmers use an all-terrain vehicle to check their fields.
- C1Rescue teams use all-terrain vehicles to reach villages cut off by snow and floods.
C1verb phrase24
give rise to
to cause something to happen or exist
Synonymslead tocauseproduce
🇺🇿…ga sabab bo‘lmoq, keltirib chiqarmoq
🇷🇺приводить к, порождать
- B1Heavy rain can give rise to floods.
- B2The new law gave rise to many protests.
- C1Long hours in front of screens can give rise to eye problems and poor sleep.
C2verb25
traverse
to move across an area of land
Synonymscrosstravel acrosspass over
🇺🇿kesib o‘tmoq
🇷🇺пересекать
- B1The road traverses three mountain passes.
- B2Camels can traverse the desert for days without water.
- C1The explorers needed two months to traverse the frozen land on foot.
B2adjective26
rugged
rough, uneven and difficult to travel over
Synonymsroughrockyuneven
🇺🇿notekis, qoyali
🇷🇺пересечённый, скалистый
- B1The rugged mountains of Chimgan attract many hikers.
- B2We drove slowly along the rugged coastal road.
- C1The rugged landscape makes it difficult to build roads to the remote villages.
B2adjective27
tremendous
very great in amount or level
Synonymshugeenormousimmense
🇺🇿ulkan, juda katta
🇷🇺огромный
- B1There are tremendous opportunities for young people in IT.
- B2She made a tremendous effort to pass the exam.
- C1The new airport will bring tremendous benefits to tourism in the region.
B2noun28
swarm
a large group of insects or things moving together
Synonymscrowdflockmass
- B1Swarms of tourists filled the square in summer.
- B2A swarm of bees flew out of the old tree.
- C1Farmers fear swarms of locusts, which can destroy a whole harvest in one day.
C1noun phrase29
ethical implications
the possible moral effects or problems of something
Synonymsmoral consequencesmoral issuesethical questions
🇺🇿axloqiy oqibatlar
🇷🇺этические последствия
- B1Cloning animals has serious ethical implications.
- B2Scientists must think about the ethical implications of their work.
- C1Many people worry about the ethical implications of companies collecting so much personal data.
B2verb phrase30
pay close attention to
to watch, listen to or think about something very carefully
Synonymsfocus onconcentrate onwatch carefully
🇺🇿…ga katta e’tibor bermoq
🇷🇺уделять пристальное внимание
- B1The doctor paid close attention to my breathing.
- B2Pay close attention to the instructions before you start.
- C1Good drivers pay close attention to children playing near the road.