B2noun01
survivor
a person, animal or plant that continues to live in difficult conditions
Synonymsfighterendurerstayer
🇺🇿omon qolgan, chidab yashovchi
🇷🇺выживший
- B1Camels are famous survivors in the hottest deserts.
- B2My grandfather is a real survivor; he lived through two very hard winters.
- C1Cockroaches are amazing survivors that can live for weeks without any food.
C1adjective02
anatomical
relating to the structure of the body
Synonymsphysicalbodilystructural
🇺🇿anatomik, tana tuzilishiga oid
🇷🇺анатомический
- B1Birds have special anatomical features for flying long distances.
- B2Medical students study anatomical drawings of the human heart and lungs.
- C1Camels have anatomical features, like humps and wide feet, that suit the desert.
B2noun03
drought
a long period with little or no rain
Synonymsdry spellwater shortagearidity
- B1Our village suffered a terrible drought three years ago.
- B2The long summer drought destroyed many farmers’ crops in our region.
- C1During the drought, families had to buy water from trucks every week.
B2adjective phrase04
equipped with
having the things that are needed for a purpose
Synonymsfitted withprovided withsupplied with
🇺🇿…bilan jihozlangan
🇷🇺оснащённый
- B1Our new classroom is equipped with a smart board and fast internet.
- B2Every taxi in the city is now equipped with a card reader.
- C1Camels’ feet are equipped with thick pads that stop them sinking into sand.
C1verb05
shield
to protect someone or something from danger or harm
Synonymsprotectguardcover
🇺🇿himoya qilmoq, to‘smoq
🇷🇺защищать, заслонять
- B1Sunglasses shield your eyes from strong sunlight in summer.
- B2Parents often try to shield their children from bad news on television.
- C1I used my hand to shield my eyes from the bright sun at the beach.
C2verb06
metabolise
(of the body) to change food into energy
Synonymsbreak downdigestprocess
🇺🇿o‘zlashtirmoq (organizmda energiyaga aylantirmoq)
🇷🇺метаболизировать, усваивать
- B1Some people cannot metabolise milk very well at all.
- B2Young people usually metabolise sugar faster than older people do.
- C1Camels can metabolise the fat in their humps into water and energy when needed.
C1verb07
perspire
to produce sweat through the skin
Synonymssweatglowdrip
- B1Nervous people often perspire before an exam or interview.
- B2I always perspire a lot when I play football in the summer heat.
- C1Camels rarely perspire, which helps them keep precious water in their bodies.
C1verb08
conserve
to use something carefully so it lasts; to protect
Synonymssavepreserveprotect
🇺🇿tejamoq, saqlamoq
🇷🇺сохранять, экономить
- B1Desert animals must conserve every drop of water.
- B2We turn off the lights when we leave rooms to conserve electricity.
- C1In summer, our city asks families to conserve water by not washing cars.
C1noun09
adaptation
a change that helps a living thing survive in its environment
Synonymsadjustmentmodificationevolution
🇺🇿moslashuv
🇷🇺адаптация, приспособление
- B1Long necks are an adaptation for eating leaves from tall trees.
- B2Thick fur is a clever adaptation that helps bears survive very cold winters.
- C1Big ears are an important adaptation for animals that live in hot deserts.
C1adjective10
acute
(of a sense) very sensitive and strong
Synonymssharpkeensensitive
🇺🇿o‘tkir (sezgi)
🇷🇺острый (о слухе, зрении)
- B1Owls have acute hearing and can hunt in darkness.
- B2Dogs have an acute sense of smell and can find lost people.
- C1My grandmother still has acute hearing and knows when I come home late.
C2verb11
dissipate
to spread out and disappear, or make something do this
Synonymsreleasedispersescatter
🇺🇿tarqatib yubormoq, yo‘q qilmoq (issiqlik)
🇷🇺рассеивать
- B1The morning fog dissipated quickly as the sun rose.
- B2Opening the windows helped dissipate the smell of burnt food in the kitchen.
- C1The fox’s large ears dissipate heat and keep its body cool in the desert.
C1noun12
evaporation
the process of a liquid changing into gas
Synonymsdrying upvaporisationloss of water
- B1Covering the pot reduces evaporation when you cook soup.
- B2In summer, evaporation makes the water in our garden pool go down quickly.
- C1Desert plants have small leaves to reduce evaporation and keep their water.
C1verb13
secrete
(of a living thing) to produce and release a liquid
Synonymsreleasedischargeproduce
🇺🇿ajratib chiqarmoq
🇷🇺выделять
- B1Some frogs secrete poison through their skin to stay safe.
- B2When you see delicious food, your mouth starts to secrete more saliva.
- C1The creosote bush secretes chemicals into the soil to stop other plants growing.
C1verb14
inhibit
to slow down or prevent something from happening
Synonymspreventrestricthinder
🇺🇿to‘sqinlik qilmoq, sekinlashtirmoq
🇷🇺подавлять, сдерживать
- B1Fear of mistakes can inhibit students from speaking English.
- B2Cold weather can inhibit the growth of tomatoes in our small garden.
- C1Too much screen time may inhibit children’s ability to concentrate at school.
C1adverb15
ingeniously
in a very clever and original way
Synonymscleverlyinventivelycreatively
🇺🇿zukkolik bilan, mohirona
🇷🇺изобретательно
- B1The small kitchen was ingeniously designed with hidden shelves.
- B2My dad ingeniously fixed the broken chair using only old bits of wood.
- C1People in deserts have ingeniously adapted their houses to stay cool.
C1adjective16
arid
very dry, with little or no rain
Synonymsdryparchedwaterless
🇺🇿qurg‘oqchil, quruq
🇷🇺засушливый
- B1Few crops can grow in such arid land without help.
- B2Much of central Uzbekistan has an arid climate with very hot summers.
- C1Farmers in arid regions need modern irrigation to grow cotton and wheat.
C1adjective17
nomadic
moving from place to place instead of living in one place
Synonymswanderingtravellingmigratory
- B1Nomadic families still live in yurts in some mountain areas.
- B2My ancestors were nomadic herders who moved with their sheep every season.
- C1Some young people today choose a nomadic life, working online while travelling.
B2noun18
grazing
land with grass where animals can eat
Synonymspasturemeadowgrassland
🇺🇿yaylov, o‘tloq
🇷🇺пастбище
- B1There is not enough grazing for all the cows this year.
- B2In spring, shepherds take their sheep up to the mountain grazing lands.
- C1Nomads moved their camels to find fresh water and new grazing areas.
C1verb19
insulate
to protect something from heat, cold or noise
Synonymsprotectshieldcover
🇺🇿izolyatsiya qilmoq (issiq-sovuqdan)
🇷🇺утеплять, изолировать
- B1Thick walls insulate old houses from the summer heat.
- B2We insulated our roof last autumn, so the house is warmer now.
- C1Mud-brick walls insulate desert homes against both hot days and cold nights.
C1verb20
funnel
to direct something through a narrow space
Synonymschanneldirectguide
🇺🇿yo‘naltirmoq (tor joydan)
🇷🇺направлять
- B1Wind towers funnel cool air into rooms below.
- B2The narrow street funnels cold wind straight into our front door.
- C1The new road will funnel heavy traffic away from the old city centre.
B2noun21
irrigation
supplying water to land through pipes or channels
Synonymswateringwater supplychannelling
🇺🇿sug‘orish
🇷🇺орошение, ирригация
- B1Ancient irrigation channels still bring water to some villages.
- B2Cotton fields in Uzbekistan need a lot of irrigation in summer.
- C1Modern drip irrigation saves water by giving each plant exactly what it needs.
C1noun22
desalination
removing salt from sea water so people can drink it
Synonymssalt removalwater purificationdesalting
🇺🇿tuzsizlantirish (dengiz suvini)
🇷🇺опреснение
- B1Desalination plants use a lot of energy every day.
- B2Some Gulf countries get most of their drinking water from desalination.
- C1Without desalination, many cities on the Persian Gulf could not survive.
C1verb23
harness
to control and use a natural force to produce energy
Synonymsuseexploitutilise
🇺🇿foydalanmoq (tabiiy kuchdan)
🇷🇺использовать, обуздывать
- B1Dams harness the power of rivers to make electricity.
- B2Our school wants to harness solar power with panels on the roof.
- C1Desert countries can harness strong sunshine to produce cheap, clean energy.
C1noun24
sustainability
the ability to continue without harming the environment
Synonymseco-friendlinessdurabilitylong-term viability
🇺🇿barqarorlik
🇷🇺устойчивость, экологичность
- B1Fast fashion raises serious questions about sustainability.
- B2Our school teaches sustainability by recycling paper and plastic every week.
- C1Many young shoppers now care about sustainability when they choose clothes.
B2adjective25
harsh
very difficult or unpleasant to live in
Synonymsseveretoughextreme
- B1The harsh sun burned my face on the first day.
- B2Life in the mountains is harsh in winter, with deep snow everywhere.
- C1Despite harsh conditions, many plants and animals live happily in the desert.
C1noun26
flora and fauna
the plants and animals of a particular area
Synonymswildlifeplants and animalsnature
🇺🇿o‘simlik va hayvonot dunyosi
🇷🇺флора и фауна
- B1The national park protects the local flora and fauna from hunters.
- B2Our school trip taught us about the flora and fauna of the mountains.
- C1Climate change is putting the flora and fauna of the Aral Sea region at risk.
C1noun27
overgrazing
letting animals eat so much grass that the land is damaged
Synonymsover-pasturingland degradationexcessive grazing
🇺🇿haddan tashqari boqish
🇷🇺перевыпас
- B1Overgrazing is a big problem in many dry regions.
- B2Overgrazing by too many sheep has left the hills around our village bare.
- C1When overgrazing removes all the grass, wind can easily blow the soil away.
C1noun28
biodiversity
the variety of plants and animals in a particular place
Synonymsvariety of lifebiological diversityrange of species
🇺🇿biologik xilma-xillik
🇷🇺биоразнообразие
- B1Pollution reduces the biodiversity of rivers and lakes.
- B2Rainforests have the highest biodiversity of any place on Earth.
- C1Planting different trees in parks can increase biodiversity in big cities.
C1adjective29
indigenous
living in a place from the earliest times; native
Synonymsnativeoriginallocal
🇺🇿mahalliy, tub joy
🇷🇺коренной
- B1Some indigenous plants grow only in this valley.
- B2Indigenous people in Australia have lived there for thousands of years.
- C1The project supports indigenous families by buying their handmade carpets.
B2adjective30
critical
extremely important
Synonymsvitalcrucialessential
🇺🇿hal qiluvchi, juda muhim
🇷🇺критически важный
- B1Clean water is critical for every village.
- B2Sleep is critical for good results, especially before an important exam.
- C1Understanding desert ecosystems is becoming more critical as the climate changes.