Yawning

B1verb01

convince

to make someone believe that something is true

Synonymspersuadeassuresatisfy

🇺🇿ishontirmoq

🇷🇺убеждать

B1I tried to convince my parents to buy a dog.
B2My friend convinced me that the film was worth watching.
C1It took the doctor a long time to convince my grandfather that he needed an operation.

C1noun02

merit

a good quality or advantage that deserves praise

Synonymsvalueadvantageworth

🇺🇿afzallik, qadr

🇷🇺достоинство, ценность

B1Each plan has its own merits, so we should discuss them carefully.
B2The teacher praised the merit of my essay but asked me to shorten it.
C1We should judge people on their merits, not on where their families come from.

B2adjective03

quirky

unusual in an interesting way

Synonymsoddunusualeccentric

🇺🇿g‘alati, o‘ziga xos

🇷🇺необычный, причудливый

B1That café has quirky furniture made from old bicycles.
B2My aunt has a quirky habit of singing while she cooks.
C1The museum is full of quirky objects that make visitors laugh and ask questions.

C1noun phrase04

logical extension

a natural next step that follows from what was done before

Synonymsnatural developmentnext stepcontinuation

🇺🇿mantiqiy davomi

🇷🇺логическое продолжение

B1Opening a restaurant was a logical extension of my uncle's catering business.
B2For my sister, teaching was a logical extension of her love of children.
C1Selling online was a logical extension of the shop's success, so the owners built a website.

C1verb phrase05

be derived from

to come or develop from something

Synonymscome fromoriginate fromstem from

🇺🇿…dan kelib chiqqan bo‘lmoq

🇷🇺происходить от

B1Many English words are derived from Latin.
B2The name of the city is derived from an old Persian word.
C1Most of the medicine's power is derived from a plant that grows high in the mountains.

C1verb06

gape

to open your mouth wide, or to look at something in surprise

Synonymsopen widestareyawn

🇺🇿og‘zini katta ochmoq, angrayib qolmoq

🇷🇺зевать, разевать рот

B1The baby bird gaped when its mother brought food.
B2The tourists gaped at the huge blue dome of the mosque.
C1We stood and gaped as the fireworks filled the whole night sky above the city.

C2adjective07

stereotyped

always following the same fixed pattern

Synonymsfixedstandardrepetitive

🇺🇿bir qolipdagi, andozaviy

🇷🇺стереотипный, однотипный

B1Birds have stereotyped songs that they repeat every morning.
B2The film's characters were stereotyped and not very interesting.
C1Animals in small zoo cages often develop stereotyped movements, walking the same path again and again.

C2adjective08

invariant

never changing

Synonymsunchangingconstantfixed

🇺🇿o‘zgarmas

🇷🇺неизменный

B1The rules of chess are invariant all over the world.
B2My father's morning routine is almost invariant: tea, news, then work.
C1The speed of light is invariant, which is one of the most important ideas in modern physics.

C1noun09

stimulus

something that causes a reaction

Synonymstriggercauseprompt

🇺🇿qo‘zg‘atuvchi, turtki

🇷🇺стимул, раздражитель

B1Bright light is a stimulus that makes us close our eyes.
B2The smell of food is a strong stimulus for a hungry dog.
C1Scientists measured how quickly the children reacted to each stimulus shown on the screen.

C2noun10

inevitability

the fact that something is certain to happen

Synonymscertaintyunavoidabilitysureness

🇺🇿muqarrarlik

🇷🇺неизбежность

B1There is an inevitability about rain on our holidays.
B2She accepted the inevitability of leaving her hometown for university.
C1Politicians cannot ignore the inevitability of an ageing population and must plan for it now.

B1phrase11

on average

usually; when all the amounts are considered together

Synonymstypicallyusuallygenerally

🇺🇿o‘rtacha

🇷🇺в среднем

B1My family eats out on average once a month.
B2On average, I spend two hours a day on my phone.
C1On average, students in our school read about ten books a year outside lessons.

C1verb12

stifle

to stop something from happening, especially a yawn, laugh or feeling

Synonymssuppresshold backrestrain

🇺🇿bosmoq, tiyilmoq

🇷🇺сдерживать, подавлять

B1I tried to stifle a yawn during the long meeting.
B2She stifled a laugh when the teacher fell off his chair.
C1Too many strict rules can stifle creativity and make students afraid to share ideas.

C1verb phrase13

come in bouts

to happen in short periods with breaks between them

Synonymshappen in spellsoccur in wavescome in fits

🇺🇿vaqti-vaqti bilan xuruj qilmoq

🇷🇺накатывать приступами

B1My cough tends to come in bouts at night.
B2His headaches come in bouts when he is stressed.
C1Like sneezes, yawns often come in bouts, with several of them following each other quickly.

C1verb14

compensate

to do something to balance a loss or weakness

Synonymsmake up foroffsetbalance

🇺🇿o‘rnini to‘ldirmoq, qoplamoq

🇷🇺компенсировать

B1Good teamwork can compensate for a lack of star players.
B2I worked late on Friday to compensate for the time I missed.
C1She is not very tall, but she compensates with great speed and skill on the basketball court.

C1noun15

hypothesis

an idea that is suggested as an explanation but not yet proved

Synonymstheoryassumptionproposal

🇺🇿gipoteza, faraz

🇷🇺гипотеза

B1The hypothesis turned out to be wrong.
B2Our science teacher asked us to write a hypothesis before the experiment.
C1Researchers tested the hypothesis that students who sleep more get better exam results.

B2verb16

pinch

to press something tightly between your finger and thumb

Synonymssqueezenipgrip

🇺🇿chimdimoq, qisib olmoq

🇷🇺щипать, зажимать

B1Pinch your nose before you jump into the water.
B2My little sister pinched my arm when I took her toy.
C1Some people pinch themselves to check that a wonderful moment is really happening.

C1noun17

onset

the beginning of something, especially something unpleasant

Synonymsstartbeginningoutbreak

🇺🇿boshlanishi

🇷🇺начало

B1My allergy appears with the onset of spring.
B2The onset of winter brings colder mornings and darker evenings.
C1Doctors say quick treatment at the onset of a fever can prevent more serious problems.

B2verb18

clench

to close your teeth or hand tightly

Synonymsgrittightensqueeze

🇺🇿tishini qisib olmoq, mushtini tugmoq

🇷🇺стискивать, сжимать

B1She clenched her teeth as the dentist started work.
B2He clenched his fists when he heard the bad news.
C1Many people clench their teeth at night without knowing it, which can cause headaches.

C1verb phrase19

run to completion

to continue until it is completely finished

Synonymsfinishbe completedreach the end

🇺🇿oxirigacha yetmoq

🇷🇺дойти до конца

B1The washing machine stopped before the programme could run to completion.
B2Let the update run to completion before you turn off the laptop.
C1The project could not run to completion because the company ran out of money halfway through.

C2noun20

adequacy

the quality of being good enough for a purpose

Synonymssufficiencysuitabilityacceptability

🇺🇿yetarlilik

🇷🇺достаточность, адекватность

B1The teachers questioned the adequacy of the new textbooks.
B2Engineers checked the adequacy of the bridge for heavy lorries.
C1Parents are worried about the adequacy of school meals for growing children.

C1verb21

sustain

to keep something going over time

Synonymsmaintainsupportkeep up

🇺🇿davom ettirmoq, ushlab turmoq

🇷🇺поддерживать

B1It is hard to sustain interest in a very long film.
B2The team could not sustain its good start and lost the match.
C1A healthy breakfast helps children sustain their energy until lunchtime.

B2noun22

feedback

information about how something is working or has been done

Synonymsresponsereactioncomments

🇺🇿qayta aloqa, fikr-mulohaza

🇷🇺обратная связь

B1My teacher gave me useful feedback on my essay.
B2The app asks users for feedback after every update.
C1Without feedback from customers, a small business cannot know what to improve.

C2verb23

salivate

to produce liquid in your mouth, often when you see or smell food

Synonymswater at the mouthdroolproduce saliva

🇺🇿so‘lak oqizmoq

🇷🇺выделять слюну

B1Dogs salivate when they hear their food bowl.
B2The smell of fresh samsa made me salivate.
C1Just thinking about a sour lemon can make most people salivate immediately.

C1adjective24

respiratory

connected with breathing

Synonymsbreathingpulmonarylung-related

🇺🇿nafas olish bilan bog‘liq

🇷🇺дыхательный

B1In winter, many children catch respiratory infections at school.
B2Smoking for many years causes serious respiratory problems in later life.
C1Air pollution in big cities increases the number of people with respiratory illnesses such as asthma.

B2adjective25

paralyzed

unable to move part or all of the body

Synonymsimmobileunable to movedisabled

🇺🇿falaj bo‘lgan

🇷🇺парализованный

B1After the accident, his left leg was paralyzed for weeks.
B2The cat was paralyzed with fear when it saw the dog.
C1Thanks to new treatment, some paralyzed patients can now move their fingers again.

C1adjective26

mystified

completely unable to understand something

Synonymspuzzledconfusedbaffled

🇺🇿hayron, tushunolmagan

🇷🇺озадаченный

B1The teacher looked mystified by my strange answer.
B2I was mystified when my keys appeared in the fridge.
C1Scientists are still mystified by how birds find their way across thousands of kilometres.

C2noun27

prognosis

a doctor's opinion about how an illness will develop

Synonymsoutlookforecastprediction

🇺🇿prognoz, kasallik oqibati

🇷🇺прогноз

B1With early treatment, the prognosis is much better.
B2The doctor said the prognosis for my grandmother was very good.
C1The prognosis for patients with this rare disease has improved greatly in the last ten years.

C1adjective28

therapeutic

helping to treat an illness or making you feel relaxed

Synonymshealingbeneficialrestorative

🇺🇿shifobaxsh, davolovchi

🇷🇺терапевтический, целебный

B1My aunt finds baking bread therapeutic.
B2Gardening can be very therapeutic after a stressful week.
C1Walking in the mountains has a therapeutic effect on people who live in noisy cities.

C1verb29

speculate

to guess possible answers without having all the facts

Synonymsguesssupposetheorise

🇺🇿taxmin qilmoq

🇷🇺строить догадки

B1Everyone speculated about why the shop suddenly closed.
B2Journalists speculated that the player would move to another club.
C1Scientists can only speculate about why the dinosaurs died out so suddenly.

C1verb30

lurk

to exist or wait hidden, often in a threatening way

Synonymshidelie hiddenlinger

🇺🇿yashirinib turmoq, pinhon bo‘lmoq

🇷🇺скрываться, таиться

B1A cat lurked under the car, waiting for the birds.
B2Danger often lurks in the deep water of the river.
C1Old fears can lurk in our minds for years, even after we think we have forgotten them.