C2phrase01
a spate of
a large number of similar things happening in a short time
Synonymsa wave ofa series ofa rush of
🇺🇿qisqa vaqtda ko‘plab
🇷🇺волна, череда
- B1A spate of bad colds hit our office this month.
- B2There has been a spate of thefts in our area recently.
- C1After a spate of bike thefts, we started locking ours inside the flat.
B1phrase02
targeted at
aimed at a particular group of people
Synonymsaimed atdirected atintended for
🇺🇿… ga mo‘ljallangan
🇷🇺нацеленный на
- B1This sugary cereal is clearly targeted at children.
- B2This English course is targeted at students who want to study abroad.
- C1Most adverts on my phone are targeted at people who like cooking and travel.
B2noun03
memoir
a written account of someone’s own life and experiences
Synonymsautobiographylife storyrecollections
🇺🇿xotiralar (memuar)
🇷🇺мемуары
- B1My grandfather is writing a memoir about his army days.
- B2The famous chef wrote a memoir about her childhood in Paris.
- C1Her memoir about raising five children alone made me laugh and cry.
C1phrasal verb04
lay out
to explain something clearly and in detail (lay out one’s position / plan)
Synonymsset outpresentexplain
🇺🇿bayon qilmoq, tushuntirib bermoq
🇷🇺изложить
- B1She laid out all the dishes on the long table.
- B2The teacher laid out the plan for our school trip very clearly.
- C1Before the trip, Dad laid out the rules: no phones at dinner, ever.
C1verb05
long to
to want something very much
Synonymsyearn towish tobe eager to
🇺🇿… ni juda qattiq istamoq
🇷🇺страстно желать
- B1I long to visit Japan and see the cherry blossoms.
- B2After a week of rain, I long to see the sun.
- C1Living abroad, she longs to taste her mother’s cooking again.
B1adjective06
straightforward
easy to understand or do; honest
Synonymssimpleclearuncomplicated
🇺🇿oddiy, tushunarli
🇷🇺простой, понятный
- B1The instructions were very straightforward, so we finished quickly.
- B2Ordering food on the new app is very straightforward.
- C1Getting a library card should be straightforward, but it took three visits.
B2noun07
lay person
someone who is not an expert in a subject (in lay terms = simply)
Synonymsnon-expertamateurordinary person
🇺🇿mutaxassis bo‘lmagan odam
🇷🇺неспециалист
- B1The article explains taxes clearly for the lay person.
- B2The doctor explained the illness in words a lay person could understand.
- C1Medical forms are often too complicated for a lay person to understand.
C1phrase08
consistent with
in agreement with; matching
Synonymsin line withcompatible within keeping with
🇺🇿… ga mos, muvofiq
🇷🇺соответствующий
- B1His story is consistent with what other witnesses said.
- B2Her new job is consistent with her love of travel.
- C1His tired face was consistent with someone who had a newborn baby at home.
C1adverb09
respectively
in the same order as the things just mentioned
Synonymsin that ordercorrespondinglyseparately
🇺🇿mos ravishda
🇷🇺соответственно
- B1My brothers are ten and twelve years old, respectively.
- B2Tea and coffee cost two and three dollars, respectively.
- C1My daughters, aged five and nine respectively, both love drawing animals.
C1phrasal verb10
(strenuously) object to
to say you strongly disagree with something (object to + noun / -ing)
Synonymsopposeprotest againstdisagree with
🇺🇿(qattiq) e’tiroz bildirmoq
🇷🇺(решительно) возражать против
- B1My cat strenuously objects to baths and runs away.
- B2My parents strenuously object to my staying out late at night.
- C1Neighbours strenuously object to the plan to build a car park on the playground.
B1adjective11
thorough
done carefully and completely, paying attention to every detail
Synonymsdetailedcomprehensivemeticulous
🇺🇿puxta, har tomonlama
🇷🇺тщательный
- B1Give the vegetables a thorough wash before cooking.
- B2The doctor gave me a thorough check-up before I joined the football team.
- C1Her answers were so thorough that the interview lasted two hours.
C2noun12
commendation
praise; an official award (deserve commendation)
Synonymspraiseapprovalacclaim
🇺🇿maqtov, tahsin
🇷🇺похвала
- B1The nurse got a commendation from the hospital for her kindness.
- B2The young firefighter received a commendation for his bravery during the fire.
- C1Our class received a commendation for keeping the classroom clean all year.
B2verb13
conduct (research)
to organise and do an activity (conduct research / an interview / an experiment)
Synonymscarry outperformdo
- B1Before buying a car, conduct some research online.
- B2Scientists conduct research in laboratories to find new medicines for diseases.
- C1The café conducted research into what customers wanted and added vegan options.
B1phrasal verb14
turn out
to happen in a particular way; to be discovered to be (turn out to be)
Synonymsproveend upemerge
🇺🇿… bo‘lib chiqmoq
🇷🇺оказаться
- B1The cheap restaurant turned out to be excellent.
- B2The weather turned out to be lovely, so we had a picnic.
- C1Lots of people turned out to welcome the football team home after the win.
C1adjective15
provocative
intended to make people react, argue or think
Synonymscontroversialchallengingthought-provoking
🇺🇿bahsga undovchi, keskin
🇷🇺провокационный
- B1The comedian’s jokes about mothers-in-law were deliberately provocative.
- B2The film was provocative and made many people angry.
- C1Her provocative question about money started a long family argument.
B2noun16
case study
a detailed study of a particular person, group or situation
Synonymsexampleanalysisinvestigation
🇺🇿amaliy misol, holat tahlili
🇷🇺тематическое исследование, кейс
- B1Our textbook includes a case study of a family café.
- B2We read a case study about a small business in Tashkent.
- C1The teacher used a case study of one student’s week to discuss sleep habits.
C1phrasal verb17
hinge on
to depend completely on something
Synonymsdepend onrest onturn on
🇺🇿… ga bog‘liq bo‘lmoq
🇷🇺зависеть от
- B1Our plans for the weekend hinge on the weather.
- B2Our holiday hinges on whether I get time off.
- C1The success of the party hinges on the food, so let’s get it right.
B1adjective18
tricky
difficult to deal with and needing care
Synonymsdifficultawkwardcomplicated
🇺🇿murakkab, chalkash
🇷🇺сложный, каверзный
- B1Parking near the hospital is always tricky.
- B2Making bread at home is tricky the first time you try it.
- C1It’s tricky to tell your best friend that her boyfriend isn’t nice.
C1noun19
attribute
a quality or feature of someone or something
Synonymsqualitycharacteristicfeature
🇺🇿xususiyat, belgi
🇷🇺свойство, качество
- B1Honesty is an important attribute for a teacher.
- B2Patience is the most important attribute for a parent.
- C1Kindness is the attribute I value most in a friend, more than humour.
B1phrase20
on a daily basis
every day
Synonymsdailyevery dayday to day
- B1I check my emails on a daily basis.
- B2I practise my English vocabulary on a daily basis.
- C1Children should read with their parents on a daily basis, even for ten minutes.
C1verb21
mask
to hide a feeling, taste or smell so it cannot be noticed
Synonymshidecoverdisguise
🇺🇿yashirmoq, bosib ketmoq
🇷🇺маскировать, заглушать
- B1Sugar can mask the bitter taste of strong coffee.
- B2A strong sauce can mask the taste of old meat.
- C1He tells jokes to mask his nervousness in new situations.
C1adverb22
paradoxically
in a way that seems impossible or strange because it contains two opposite facts
Synonymssurprisinglyironicallystrangely
🇺🇿paradoksal ravishda
🇷🇺парадоксально
- B1Paradoxically, rest days help you get fitter.
- B2Paradoxically, the more tired I am, the harder it is to sleep.
- C1Paradoxically, the busiest people often find the most time for hobbies.
C2idiom23
be on weaker ground
to be less sure or less well supported in an argument (on firm ground = sure)
Synonymsbe less convincingbe less certainbe on shaky ground
🇺🇿dalillari zaifroq bo‘lmoq
🇷🇺быть менее убедительным
- B1Without evidence, his argument is on weaker ground.
- B2Without a receipt, you are on weaker ground when complaining.
- C1If you haven’t read the book, you are on weaker ground in the discussion.
B2noun24
novice
a person who is new to an activity and has little experience
Synonymsbeginnernewcomerlearner
🇺🇿yangi boshlovchi
🇷🇺новичок
- B1As a novice driver, I avoid the motorway.
- B2I’m a complete novice at cooking, so I only make simple eggs.
- C1The gym offers special classes for novices who have never lifted weights.
C1idiom25
do justice to
to show the real quality or importance of something (fail to do justice to)
Synonymsrepresent fairlydo sth full creditshow properly
🇺🇿… ni munosib aks ettirmoq
🇷🇺отдать должное
- B1This photo doesn’t do justice to the beautiful view.
- B2The menu photos don’t do justice to the food.
- C1One afternoon isn’t enough to do justice to the old city of Bukhara.
C1collocation26
widely acknowledged
accepted as true by most people
Synonymsgenerally acceptedwidely recognisedcommonly agreed
🇺🇿keng e’tirof etilgan
🇷🇺широко признанный
- B1It’s widely acknowledged that sleep affects mood.
- B2It is widely acknowledged that exercise is good for health.
- C1It’s widely acknowledged that small classes help children learn faster.
B2idiom27
hard to swallow
difficult to believe or accept
Synonymshard to believeimplausibleunconvincing
🇺🇿ishonish qiyin
🇷🇺трудно поверить
- B1His excuse for being late was hard to swallow.
- B2The news that the shop was closing was hard to swallow.
- C1Losing the final in the last minute was hard to swallow for the team.
C1adverb28
intuitively
based on feelings rather than facts or reasoning
Synonymsinstinctivelynaturallyby instinct
🇺🇿sezgi orqali, intuitiv ravishda
🇷🇺интуитивно
- B1Intuitively, I didn’t trust the man selling cheap phones.
- B2Intuitively, I knew that something was wrong when I entered the room.
- C1Good cooks know intuitively when a dish needs more salt.
C1phrase29
distinguish between
to recognise the difference between two things
Synonymstell apartdifferentiatediscriminate between
- B1Can you distinguish between these two types of tea?
- B2Young children can’t always distinguish between fantasy and reality.
- C1It’s hard to distinguish between real news and fake stories online.
C1noun30
reception
the way people react to something (a warm / enthusiastic / hostile reception)
Synonymsresponsereactionwelcome
🇺🇿qabul qilinishi, munosabat
🇷🇺приём, реакция
- B1The new film received a warm reception from audiences.
- B2The hotel reception is open twenty-four hours a day.
- C1There’s no mobile reception in our village, so we use the landline.