Skyscraper Farming

C1verb01

advocate

to publicly support an idea or plan

Synonymssupportchampionpromote

🇺🇿qo‘llab-quvvatlamoq

🇷🇺выступать за

B1My dentist advocates brushing for two full minutes.
B2Many doctors advocate walking for thirty minutes every day.
C1She’s a strong advocate of family dinners without phones on the table.

C1adverb02

radically

completely and in a very important way

Synonymscompletelyfundamentallydrastically

🇺🇿tubdan

🇷🇺радикально, в корне

B1Becoming a parent radically changed my daily routine.
B2The internet has radically changed the way we shop and study.
C1The new manager radically changed how the shop treats its customers.

B1adjective03

fertile

(of land) able to produce good crops

Synonymsproductiverichfruitful

🇺🇿unumdor

🇷🇺плодородный

B1My grandma’s garden has fertile soil, so everything grows.
B2The land near the river is very fertile, so crops grow well there.
C1Children have fertile imaginations; a box can become a ship or a house.

C1verb04

deteriorate

to become worse

Synonymsworsendeclinedegenerate

🇺🇿yomonlashmoq

🇷🇺ухудшаться

B1The weather deteriorated, so we cancelled the picnic.
B2My grandfather’s health began to deteriorate during the cold winter.
C1Their friendship slowly deteriorated after a silly argument about money.

C2adjective05

sparse

small in number or amount; spread thinly

Synonymsscarcescantthin

🇺🇿siyrak, kam

🇷🇺скудный, редкий

B1Trees are very sparse in the desert, so there is little shade.
B2The furniture in his flat is sparse: a bed and a chair.
C1Buses are sparse after ten at night, so I usually take a taxi.

B2collocation06

intensive farming

farming that uses chemicals and machines to produce as much as possible

Synonymsfactory farmingindustrial agriculturemass farming

🇺🇿jadal dehqonchilik

🇷🇺интенсивное земледелие

B1Intensive farming gives us cheap eggs, but at a price.
B2Intensive farming uses a lot of machines and chemicals to grow food.
C1Many people buy local food because they dislike intensive farming methods.

C1noun07

degradation

the process of something becoming worse, especially the environment

Synonymsdeteriorationdamagedecline

🇺🇿buzilish, degradatsiya

🇷🇺деградация

B1Pollution has caused serious degradation of the river.
B2The degradation of the park makes it unsafe for children.
C1Years of no repairs led to the degradation of our school building.

C1noun08

erosion

the gradual wearing away of soil or rock by wind or water

Synonymswearing awayweatheringcorrosion

🇺🇿eroziya, yemirilish

🇷🇺эрозия

B1Trees help to protect the hills from soil erosion.
B2Wind erosion has damaged the old walls of the fortress.
C1Rising prices cause the slow erosion of family savings.

C1verb09

exceed

to be greater than a number or amount

Synonymssurpassgo beyondtop

🇺🇿oshib ketmoq

🇷🇺превышать

B1Don’t exceed the speed limit near schools.
B2The number of students this year exceeds last year’s total.
C1The final bill exceeded our budget because of the expensive drinks.

C1adjective10

humanitarian

relating to helping people who are suffering

Synonymscharitablecompassionaterelief

🇺🇿gumanitar, insonparvarlik

🇷🇺гуманитарный

B1She works for a humanitarian charity in Africa.
B2The humanitarian organisation sent food and medicine to the refugees.
C1Students collected clothes as part of a humanitarian project for flood victims.

B2adjective11

undernourished

not having enough food to be healthy

Synonymsmalnourishedunderfedhungry

🇺🇿to‘yib ovqatlanmaydigan

🇷🇺недоедающий

B1The stray kitten looked undernourished and weak.
B2Many undernourished children in poor countries are too small for their age.
C1Some undernourished children get their only hot meal at school.

C1adjective12

escalating

becoming greater or more serious

Synonymsincreasingrisingintensifying

🇺🇿kuchayib borayotgan

🇷🇺нарастающий

B1The escalating price of petrol worries many drivers.
B2Escalating rents are pushing families out of the city.
C1The escalating argument between neighbours ended with a call to the police.

B2collocation13

crop yield

the amount of crops produced from an area of land

Synonymsharvestoutputproduction

🇺🇿hosildorlik

🇷🇺урожайность

B1The drought cut the crop yield by half.
B2Good weather this year gave farmers a high crop yield.
C1Using better seeds helped my uncle increase his crop yield of tomatoes.

C2conjunction14

whereby

by which; through which (formal)

Synonymsby whichthrough whichin which

🇺🇿unga ko‘ra, bu orqali

🇷🇺посредством которого

B1My gym has a system whereby friends train for free.
B2The school has a system whereby older students help younger ones.
C1We have an agreement whereby whoever cooks doesn’t wash the dishes.

B2idiom15

hold the key (to)

to be the most important factor in solving something

Synonymsbe the answer tobe crucial tounlock

🇺🇿… ning kaliti bo‘lmoq

🇷🇺быть ключом к

B1Good sleep holds the key to better grades.
B2Education holds the key to a better future for young people.
C1Many experts believe exercise holds the key to a longer, happier life.

C1phrasal verb16

translate into

to result in; to change into a different form

Synonymsturn intoresult inbecome

🇺🇿… ga olib kelmoq, … ko‘rinishida namoyon bo‘lmoq

🇷🇺превращаться в

B1Hard work doesn’t always translate into high marks.
B2More screen time can translate into less sleep.
C1Small savings each week can translate into a nice holiday by summer.

C1adjective17

compelling

very interesting or convincing

Synonymsconvincingpersuasivepowerful

🇺🇿ishonarli, jozibali

🇷🇺убедительный, захватывающий

B1She gave a compelling reason for being late.
B2The film tells a compelling story about a family during the war.
C1The documentary makes a compelling case for eating less sugar.

C2conjunction18

albeit

although (formal)

Synonymsalthougheven thoughthough

🇺🇿garchi … bo‘lsa-da

🇷🇺хотя и

B1Our trip was great fun, albeit rather expensive.
B2He passed the exam, albeit with a low mark.
C1He finally cleaned his room, albeit only after his mum shouted three times.

B1adjective19

profitable

making money

Synonymslucrativemoney-makingcommercially successful

🇺🇿foydali, daromadli

🇷🇺прибыльный

B1Selling coffee near the university is very profitable.
B2The small shop became profitable after only two years.
C1Her hobby of making jewellery has become a profitable side business.

C1noun20

cost-effectiveness

being good value for the money spent

Synonymseconomyefficiencyvalue for money

🇺🇿iqtisodiy samaradorlik

🇷🇺экономическая эффективность

B1We chose the bus for its cost-effectiveness.
B2We compared the cost-effectiveness of different phones before buying.
C1The cost-effectiveness of cooking at home is obvious when you check receipts.

B2noun21

emissions

gases sent into the air

Synonymsdischargereleasepollution

🇺🇿atmosferaga chiqarilgan gazlar

🇷🇺выбросы

B1Electric buses help cut emissions in the city.
B2Cars are one of the main sources of harmful emissions in cities.
C1Working from home two days a week reduced my car emissions noticeably.

C1adjective22

displaced

forced to leave their home

Synonymsuprootedhomelessrefugee

🇺🇿majburan ko‘chirilgan

🇷🇺перемещённый

B1The fire displaced three families from our building.
B2Thousands of families were displaced by the floods last year.
C1Building the new road displaced many small shops from the old street.

C1verb23

deploy

to move people or equipment into position to be used

Synonymsstationpositionuse

🇺🇿joylashtirmoq

🇷🇺развёртывать

B1The school deployed extra teachers during exam week.
B2The government deployed soldiers to help after the earthquake.
C1The shop deployed more staff at the tills during the holiday rush.

C2noun24

turmoil

a state of great confusion or disorder

Synonymschaosdisorderupheaval

🇺🇿notinchlik, g‘alayon

🇷🇺смятение, беспорядки

B1The country was in political turmoil after the election.
B2Moving house left our family in turmoil for weeks.
C1My emotions were in turmoil the night before my wedding.

B2phrasal verb25

make it through

to survive a difficult period

Synonymssurviveget throughcome through

🇺🇿omon qolmoq, yengib o‘tmoq

🇷🇺пережить

B1I barely made it through the long meeting.
B2The plants didn’t make it through the cold winter.
C1With lots of coffee, I made it through my first week with a newborn baby.

B2noun26

time span

a period of time

Synonymsperiodstretchduration

🇺🇿vaqt oralig‘i

🇷🇺промежуток времени

B1Over a short time span, prices doubled.
B2The project must be completed within a short time span.
C1Within a time span of five years, our village got a school and a hospital.

B2noun27

food miles

the distance food travels from where it is produced to where it is eaten

Synonymstransport distancefood transportshipping distance

🇺🇿oziq-ovqat tashish masofasi

🇷🇺пищевые мили

B1Buying local fruit reduces the food miles of your meals.
B2Bananas have high food miles because they come from far away.
C1Shopping at the local bazaar is a simple way to cut food miles.

C1verb28

enrich

to improve the quality of something by adding to it

Synonymsenhanceimproveboost

🇺🇿boyitmoq

🇷🇺обогащать

B1Travel enriches your understanding of other cultures.
B2Farmers enrich the soil by adding natural fertiliser every spring.
C1Reading with your children every night can enrich their vocabulary a lot.

C1noun29

malnutrition

poor health caused by not eating enough good food

Synonymsundernourishmenthungerstarvation

🇺🇿to‘yib ovqatlanmaslik

🇷🇺недоедание

B1Elderly people living alone can suffer from malnutrition.
B2Malnutrition is a serious problem for children in poor regions.
C1Doctors say eating only fast food can lead to malnutrition, even if you’re overweight.

C1collocation30

put into practice

to start using an idea or plan in real life

Synonymsimplementapplycarry out

🇺🇿amalda qo‘llamoq

🇷🇺применить на практике

B1I put my first-aid training into practice at the beach.
B2It’s time to put your English into practice by speaking with tourists.
C1It’s easy to plan a healthy diet but hard to put it into practice.