C1noun01
fauna
all the animals of a particular region (flora and fauna = plants and animals)
Synonymswildlifeanimal lifecreatures
🇺🇿hayvonot dunyosi
🇷🇺фауна
- B1The island is famous for its unusual flora and fauna.
- B2The national park is famous for its rich fauna, including bears and eagles.
- C1Tourists come for the views, but many leave amazed by the local fauna.
C1adverb02
thereafter
after that time (formal)
Synonymsafterwardssubsequentlyfrom then on
🇺🇿shundan keyin
🇷🇺после этого
- B1He moved to Tashkent in 2010 and lived there thereafter.
- B2He moved to London in 2015 and found a job shortly thereafter.
- C1She failed her first driving test but passed easily thereafter, once she stopped feeling so nervous.
C1idiom03
turn the tables
to change a situation so you now have the advantage over someone who had it before
Synonymsreverse the situationgain the upper handfight back
🇺🇿vaziyatni o‘z foydasiga o‘zgartirmoq
🇷🇺поменяться ролями
- B1Our team was losing, but we turned the tables in the second half.
- B2We were losing at half-time, but we turned the tables in the second half.
- C1After years of losing, he finally turned the tables and beat his brother at chess.
B2noun04
rodent
a small animal such as a rat or mouse
Synonymsratmousegnawing animal
- B1Mice, rats and squirrels are all small rodents.
- B2We found a small rodent in the kitchen, so we bought a cat.
- C1Pet shops sell many rodents, such as hamsters, but they need more care than children expect.
C1phrasal verb05
wipe out
to destroy completely
Synonymsdestroyeliminateeradicate
🇺🇿yo‘q qilib yubormoq
🇷🇺уничтожить
- B1A terrible storm wiped out the whole village.
- B2One bad storm wiped out all the tomatoes in my grandmother’s garden.
- C1A single expensive holiday wiped out all the savings he had collected over the past year.
C1noun06
specimen
an example of an animal, plant or object used for study
Synonymssampleexampleexhibit
🇺🇿namuna
🇷🇺экземпляр, образец
- B1The museum has a rare specimen of a dinosaur egg.
- B2The biology teacher showed us a specimen of a rare butterfly.
- C1The doctor took a blood specimen to find out why I felt so tired.
C1adjective07
speckled
covered with small spots
Synonymsspotteddottedflecked
🇺🇿xol-xol, chipor
🇷🇺крапчатый
- B1My grandmother’s hen lays brown speckled eggs every morning.
- B2The bird laid three small speckled eggs in its nest.
- C1She wore a grey speckled jumper that looked simple but went with everything in her wardrobe.
C1noun08
clump
a small group of plants or trees growing close together
Synonymsclusterbunchgroup
🇺🇿to‘p, dasta (o‘simlik)
🇷🇺куст, заросль
- B1A clump of trees stood in the middle of the field.
- B2There was a clump of tall grass in the middle of the football pitch.
- C1After the rain, clumps of wet leaves blocked the drain, and the whole street flooded.
C1noun09
cavity
a hole or empty space inside something
Synonymsholehollowgap
🇺🇿bo‘shliq, kovak
🇷🇺полость
- B1The dentist found a small cavity in my back tooth.
- B2Eating sweets every day can easily lead to a painful cavity.
- C1Birds often build nests in cavities in old trees, so cutting them down can harm wildlife.
C1verb10
incubate
to keep eggs warm until they hatch
Synonymsbroodsit onhatch
🇺🇿tuxum bosmoq
🇷🇺высиживать
- B1The female bird incubates the eggs for about four weeks.
- B2The hen sits on her eggs to incubate them for about three weeks.
- C1Some business ideas need time to incubate before you are ready to share them with anyone.
B2verb11
hatch
(of a baby bird) to come out of its egg
Synonymsemergebreak outbe born
🇺🇿tuxumdan chiqmoq
🇷🇺вылупляться
- B1The chicks hatched early in the morning after three weeks.
- B2We watched the ducklings hatch at the farm on our school trip.
- C1My brothers hatched a secret plan to surprise our parents on their wedding anniversary.
C2noun / verb12
roost
a place where birds rest or sleep
Synonymsperchresting placenest
🇺🇿qo‘noq, qushlar tunaydigan joy
🇷🇺насест
- B1At night, hundreds of birds roost in the tall trees.
- B2Hundreds of birds roost in the tall trees near our school every evening.
- C1In winter, pigeons roost under the bridge, where they are protected from the wind and rain.
C1noun13
invertebrate
an animal without a backbone, such as an insect or worm
Synonymsinsectcreepy-crawlybug
🇺🇿umurtqasiz hayvon
🇷🇺беспозвоночное
- B1Insects, worms and spiders are all types of invertebrate.
- B2Worms and spiders are invertebrates because they have no backbone.
- C1Many children are scared of invertebrates such as spiders, but most of them are completely harmless.
C2noun14
talon
a long, sharp claw of a bird of prey
Synonymsclawnailhook
🇺🇿qushlar panjasi
🇷🇺коготь
- B1The eagle caught the fish in its sharp talons.
- B2The owl grabbed a mouse with its sharp talons and flew away.
- C1The owl’s talons are so strong that it can carry animals almost as heavy as itself.
C1verb15
stun
to make a person or animal unconscious or unable to move; to shock
Synonymsdazeknock outshock
🇺🇿karaxt qilib qo‘ymoq; lol qoldirmoq
🇷🇺оглушать; ошеломлять
- B1The bird flew into the window and was stunned for a minute.
- B2The ball hit him on the head and stunned him for a moment.
- C1The news that our favourite teacher was leaving stunned the whole class into silence.
C1verb16
mob
(of animals or people) to crowd around and attack or annoy
Synonymscrowd aroundharassswarm
🇺🇿to‘dalanib hujum qilmoq
🇷🇺нападать толпой
- B1A crowd of fans mobbed the famous singer at the airport.
- B2A mob of fans waited outside the hotel to see the famous singer.
- C1Small birds sometimes mob a cat in the garden, making loud noises until it walks away.
C1adjective17
drowsy
sleepy
Synonymssleepytiredhalf asleep
- B1This medicine may make you feel drowsy, so don’t drive.
- B2This cold medicine can make you drowsy, so don’t drive after taking it.
- C1I always feel drowsy after a big lunch, so I eat light before lessons.
C2adjective18
ungracious
not polite or friendly
Synonymsrudeimpoliteunfriendly
🇺🇿muomalasiz, iltifotsiz
🇷🇺нелюбезный
- B1It was ungracious of him not to thank his host.
- B2Complaining about the food at a friend’s dinner is very ungracious.
- C1Refusing to shake hands after losing the match looked ungracious, and the coach was clearly embarrassed.
C1adjective19
mystified
completely unable to understand
Synonymspuzzledbaffledconfused
🇺🇿hayron, boshi qotgan
🇷🇺озадаченный
- B1I was mystified by the strange noise in the garden.
- B2I was mystified when my keys disappeared from the table.
- C1We were mystified when the birds suddenly left, although there was plenty of food.
C1phrase20
in decline
becoming less or worse
Synonymsdecreasingfallingdwindling
🇺🇿kamayib borayotgan
🇷🇺в упадке, сокращающийся
- B1The number of wild birds in Europe is in decline.
- B2Small bookshops have been in decline since online shopping became popular.
- C1Letter writing is in decline, yet everyone still loves a handwritten birthday card.
C1noun21
pesticide
a chemical used to kill insects or pests
Synonymsinsecticidechemicalpoison
🇺🇿pestitsid, zaharli kimyoviy modda
🇷🇺пестицид
- B1Organic farmers do not use chemical pesticides on their crops.
- B2My grandfather never uses pesticides on the vegetables in his garden.
- C1Washing fruit carefully removes some pesticides, but buying organic food is the safest option.
B2noun22
food chain
a series of living things, each eaten by the next
Synonymsfood webecosystempredator-prey chain
🇺🇿oziq zanjiri
🇷🇺пищевая цепь
- B1Owls are near the top of the food chain.
- B2Small fish are near the bottom of the ocean food chain.
- C1When one animal disappears from the food chain, others can lose their main food.
C1verb23
ingest
to take food or a substance into the body
Synonymsswallowconsumeabsorb
🇺🇿yutmoq, iste’mol qilmoq
🇷🇺проглатывать, поглощать
- B1Young children sometimes ingest harmful chemicals at home by accident.
- B2Small children sometimes ingest things that are dangerous, such as medicines.
- C1Many sea birds accidentally ingest plastic, thinking it is food, which can make them seriously ill.
C1collocation24
take steps to
to take action to achieve something
Synonymstake action toact tomake efforts to
🇺🇿… uchun choralar ko‘rmoq
🇷🇺принимать меры
- B1The school took steps to reduce plastic waste this year.
- B2Our school has taken steps to reduce plastic waste in the canteen.
- C1If you want to sleep better, take steps to reduce screen time at night.
C1noun25
mortality
the number of deaths; the fact of dying
Synonymsdeath ratedeathsfatality
🇺🇿o‘lim darajasi
🇷🇺смертность
- B1Better hospitals have reduced infant mortality in many countries.
- B2Infant mortality has fallen greatly in the last fifty years.
- C1Road mortality is a serious problem, since cars hit thousands of animals every year.
B2noun26
dusk
the time just before night when it gets dark
Synonymstwilightsunsetnightfall
🇺🇿shom, g‘ira-shira
🇷🇺сумерки
- B1Owls usually start hunting at dusk when it gets dark.
- B2We walked along the beach until dusk, when the sky turned orange.
- C1Bats come out at dusk, so evening walks are perfect for watching them.
C1adjective / noun27
melancholy
sad
Synonymssadmournfulsorrowful
🇺🇿g‘amgin
🇷🇺меланхоличный, печальный
- B1The old song has a sad and melancholy melody.
- B2The old song filled me with a feeling of melancholy.
- C1Autumn always gives me a gentle sense of melancholy, especially when the days start getting shorter.
C1noun28
alertness
the state of being quick to notice things
Synonymswatchfulnessattentivenessvigilance
🇺🇿hushyorlik
🇷🇺бдительность
- B1Drinking coffee can improve your alertness in the morning.
- B2A short walk can improve your alertness in the afternoon.
- C1Drivers need full alertness at night, because animals often run across country roads in the dark.
C2verb29
herald
to be a sign that something is about to happen
Synonymsannouncesignalforetell
🇺🇿xabar bermoq, darak bermoq
🇷🇺возвещать
- B1The first flowers herald the start of spring.
- B2The first warm days herald the start of spring.
- C1For students, the smell of new textbooks heralds the start of another busy school year.
C1verb30
signify
to mean or be a sign of something
Synonymsmeanindicaterepresent
- B1A red light signifies that you must stop.
- B2In many countries, nodding your head signifies that you agree.
- C1In many cultures, giving someone white flowers can signify sadness, so choose gift colours carefully.