Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Imagine a machine that can build almost any object by adding material layer by layerlayer by layerAdding one thin level of material at a time, on top of the last.≈ Synonym: one thin level at a time🇺🇿UZ: qatlama-qatlam🇷🇺RU: слой за слоем, instead of cutting or shaping it from a solid blocksolid blockA single, hard, unbroken piece of material.≈ Synonym: single hard piece of material🇺🇿UZ: yaxlit blok🇷🇺RU: цельный блок. This is exactlyexactly (adv)Completely correct; no more and no less.≈ Synonym: precisely🇺🇿UZ: aynan, aniq🇷🇺RU: точно what a 3D printer does. Although the technology might seemseem (verb)To appear to be.≈ Synonym: appear🇺🇿UZ: ...bo'lib tuyulmoq🇷🇺RU: казаться futuristicfuturistic (adj)Looking or seeming like it belongs to the future.≈ Synonym: advanced, ahead of its time🇺🇿UZ: kelajakka oid, futuristik🇷🇺RU: футуристический, the first 3D printers were actually inventedinvent (verb)Created something new that did not exist before.≈ Synonym: created for the first time🇺🇿UZ: ixtiro qilingan🇷🇺RU: изобретены back in the 1980s, and the process has been steadily improvingsteadily improvingGetting better gradually and consistently over time.≈ Synonym: gradually getting better🇺🇿UZ: izchil yaxshilanmoqda🇷🇺RU: постепенно совершенствуется ever since.
A 3D printer works by reading a digital designdigital designA plan or model for an object created and stored on a computer.≈ Synonym: computer-made plan🇺🇿UZ: raqamli dizayn🇷🇺RU: цифровой дизайн, usually created on a computer, and then building the object one thinthin (adj)Not thick.🇺🇿UZ: yupqa🇷🇺RU: тонкий layer at a time. The printer meltsmelt (verb)Turns from a solid into a liquid using heat.≈ Synonym: turns solid into liquid🇺🇿UZ: eritadi🇷🇺RU: плавит or hardensharden (verb)Becomes solid or firm.≈ Synonym: becomes solid🇺🇿UZ: qattiqlashtiradi🇷🇺RU: затвердевает material, such as plastic, resinresin (noun)A thick liquid material, often used in 3D printing, that hardens into a solid.≈ Synonym: liquid material that hardens🇺🇿UZ: smola🇷🇺RU: смола, or metal, according to the exact shape of each layer. Layer after layer is added on top of the previousprevious (adj)Happening before.≈ Synonym: earlier🇺🇿UZ: oldingi🇷🇺RU: предыдущий one until the finalfinal (adj)Last.≈ Synonym: last🇺🇿UZ: yakuniy, oxirgi🇷🇺RU: последний, окончательный object is completecomplete (adj)Finished; with all parts.≈ Synonym: finished🇺🇿UZ: tugallangan, to'liq🇷🇺RU: законченный, полный. This method is often called additive manufacturingadditive manufacturingThe technical name for building objects by adding material layer by layer.≈ Synonym: building by adding layers🇺🇿UZ: additiv ishlab chiqarish🇷🇺RU: аддитивное производство.
Today, 3D printing is used in many surprising fieldssurprising fieldsAreas of work or study that are unexpected for a certain use.≈ Synonym: unexpected areas of use🇺🇿UZ: kutilmagan sohalar🇷🇺RU: неожиданные области. In medicine, doctors use it to create customcustom (adj)Made specially to fit the needs of one particular person.≈ Synonym: specially made for one person🇺🇿UZ: maxsus buyurtma asosida🇷🇺RU: индивидуальный, на заказ prosthetic limbsprosthetic limbsArtificial body parts, such as arms or legs, used to replace missing ones.≈ Synonym: artificial arms or legs🇺🇿UZ: protez a'zolar🇷🇺RU: протезы конечностей and even models of a patient's organsorgan (noun)Parts of the body, such as the heart or lungs, that perform specific functions.≈ Synonym: body parts with specific functions🇺🇿UZ: organlar🇷🇺RU: органы to help plan complicated surgeriescomplicated surgeriesDifficult medical operations that require careful planning.≈ Synonym: difficult medical operations🇺🇿UZ: murakkab operatsiyalar🇷🇺RU: сложные операции. In manufacturing, companies use 3D printers to make spare partsspare partsExtra pieces kept ready to replace broken or worn parts of a machine.≈ Synonym: replacement pieces🇺🇿UZ: ehtiyot qismlar🇷🇺RU: запасные части quickly, without waitingwait (verb)To stay until something happens.🇺🇿UZ: kutmoq🇷🇺RU: ждать weeks for a factory to produce them. Artists and designers also use the technology to create detaileddetailed (adj)Having many small facts or parts.≈ Synonym: thorough🇺🇿UZ: batafsil🇷🇺RU: подробный sculpturessculpture (noun)Works of art made by shaping materials into three-dimensional forms.≈ Synonym: carved or shaped artworks🇺🇿UZ: haykallar🇷🇺RU: скульптуры and unique jewelryjewelry (noun)Decorative items worn on the body, such as rings or necklaces.≈ Synonym: rings, necklaces, and similar items🇺🇿UZ: zargarlik buyumlari🇷🇺RU: ювелирные изделия that would be difficult to make by hand.
One major advantage of 3D printing is that it allows for rapid prototypingrapid prototypingQuickly building a test version of a new design to try it out.≈ Synonym: fast test-model building🇺🇿UZ: tezkor prototiplash🇷🇺RU: быстрое прототипирование, meaning designers can test new ideas quickly and cheaply before committingcommit (verb)Deciding firmly to do something and putting resources into it.≈ Synonym: firmly deciding to proceed🇺🇿UZ: sarflashdan oldin, bag'ishlashdan oldin🇷🇺RU: прежде чем взять на себя обязательства to mass productionmass productionMaking large numbers of the same product, usually by machine.≈ Synonym: manufacturing in large quantities🇺🇿UZ: ommaviy ishlab chiqarish🇷🇺RU: массовое производство. It also reduces wastereduce wasteMakes the amount of unused or thrown-away material smaller.≈ Synonym: cuts down on unused material🇺🇿UZ: chiqindilarni kamaytiradi🇷🇺RU: сокращает отходы, since material is only added where it is needed, unlikeunlike (prep)Different from.🇺🇿UZ: ...dan farqli o'laroq🇷🇺RU: в отличие от traditional manufacturingtraditional manufacturingOlder methods of making products, often by cutting material away.≈ Synonym: older production methods🇺🇿UZ: an'anaviy ishlab chiqarish🇷🇺RU: традиционное производство, which often cuts away large amounts of material. However, 3D printers can still be slow for large objects, and some materials remain expensiveexpensive (adj)Costing a lot of money.≈ Synonym: costly🇺🇿UZ: qimmat🇷🇺RU: дорогой.
Looking aheadlook ahead (phrasal)To think about what will happen in the future.≈ Synonym: plan ahead🇺🇿UZ: kelajakka nazar tashlamoq🇷🇺RU: смотреть в будущее, experts believe 3D printing will keep expandingexpand (verb)Growing larger or spreading into new areas.≈ Synonym: growing, spreading🇺🇿UZ: kengaymoqda🇷🇺RU: расширяется into new areas, including constructionconstruction (noun)The process of building things, such as houses or roads.≈ Synonym: building process🇺🇿UZ: qurilish🇷🇺RU: строительство, where huge printers could one day build entire housesentire housesWhole, complete houses, not just parts of them.≈ Synonym: whole, complete houses🇺🇿UZ: butun uylar🇷🇺RU: целые дома. As the technology becomes cheaper and more reliablereliable (adj)Able to be trusted to work well.≈ Synonym: dependable, trustworthy🇺🇿UZ: ishonchli🇷🇺RU: надёжный, it is likely to change how everyday products, and even human tissuehuman tissueGroups of cells in the human body that form organs and other body parts.≈ Synonym: cells forming body parts🇺🇿UZ: inson to'qimasi🇷🇺RU: человеческая ткань, are designed and producedproduce (verb)Made or created, especially in large quantities.≈ Synonym: made, manufactured🇺🇿UZ: ishlab chiqariladi🇷🇺RU: производятся in the future.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (70–100 words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | layer by layer | qatlama-qatlam | слой за слоем | The cake was built layer by layer with cream in between. |
| 2 | solid block | yaxlit blok | цельный блок | The statue was carved from a solid block of marble. |
| 3 | exactlyadverb | aynan, aniq | точно | The train arrived at exactly 9 o'clock. |
| 4 | seemverb | ...bo'lib tuyulmoq | казаться | You seem tired today. |
| 5 | futuristicadjective | kelajakka oid, futuristik | футуристический | The new airport has a very futuristic design. |
| 6 | inventverb | ixtiro qilingan | изобретены | The bicycle was invented in the nineteenth century. |
| 7 | steadily improving | izchil yaxshilanmoqda | постепенно совершенствуется | His English is steadily improving. |
| 8 | digital design | raqamli dizayn | цифровой дизайн | She studies digital design at college. |
| 9 | thinadjective | yupqa | тонкий | Cut the bread into thin slices. |
| 10 | meltverb | eritadi | плавит | The snow melted quickly in the spring sun. |
| 11 | hardenverb | qattiqlashtiradi | затвердевает | The clay hardens when it dries. |
| 12 | resinnoun | smola | смола | This table is made of wood and clear resin. |
| 13 | previousadjective | oldingi | предыдущий | I liked my previous job more. |
| 14 | finaladjective | yakuniy, oxirgi | последний, окончательный | This is your final chance. |
| 15 | completeadjective | tugallangan, to'liq | законченный, полный | The new bridge will be complete next year. |
| 16 | additive manufacturing | additiv ishlab chiqarish | аддитивное производство | Additive manufacturing builds objects one layer at a time. |
| 17 | surprising fields | kutilmagan sohalar | неожиданные области | Maths is used in many surprising fields, like music. |
| 18 | customadjective | maxsus buyurtma asosida | индивидуальный, на заказ | He ordered a custom suit from a tailor. |
| 19 | prosthetic limbs | protez a'zolar | протезы конечностей | Modern prosthetic limbs help people walk and even run. |
| 20 | organnoun | organlar | органы | The heart is the most important organ in the body. |
| 21 | complicated surgeries | murakkab operatsiyalar | сложные операции | This hospital is famous for complicated surgeries. |
| 22 | spare parts | ehtiyot qismlar | запасные части | It's hard to find spare parts for old cars. |
| 23 | waitverb | kutmoq | ждать | We were waiting for the bus for half an hour. |
| 24 | detailedadjective | batafsil | подробный | The teacher gave us detailed feedback. |
| 25 | sculpturenoun | haykallar | скульптуры | There is a bronze sculpture in the middle of the park. |
| 26 | jewelrynoun | zargarlik buyumlari | ювелирные изделия | She wore her grandmother's gold jewelry at the wedding. |
| 27 | rapid prototyping | tezkor prototiplash | быстрое прототипирование | Rapid prototyping helps designers test ideas quickly. |
| 28 | commitverb | sarflashdan oldin, bag'ishlashdan oldin | прежде чем взять на себя обязательства | Think carefully before you commit to such a big project. |
| 29 | mass production | ommaviy ishlab chiqarish | массовое производство | Mass production made cars cheap enough for ordinary families. |
| 30 | reduce waste | chiqindilarni kamaytiradi | сокращает отходы | Buying only what you need reduces waste. |
| 31 | unlikepreposition | ...dan farqli o'laroq | в отличие от | Unlike his brother, he loves maths. |
| 32 | traditional manufacturing | an'anaviy ishlab chiqarish | традиционное производство | Traditional manufacturing often needs large factories. |
| 33 | expensiveadjective | qimmat | дорогой | Train tickets are more expensive at the weekend. |
| 34 | look aheadphrasal verb | kelajakka nazar tashlamoq | смотреть в будущее | Looking ahead, we want to open two more shops. |
| 35 | expandverb | kengaymoqda | расширяется | The school plans to expand and build a new sports hall. |
| 36 | constructionnoun | qurilish | строительство | The construction of the new metro line will take three years. |
| 37 | entire houses | butun uylar | целые дома | The flood washed away entire houses. |
| 38 | reliableadjective | ishonchli | надёжный | We need a reliable person to look after the children. |
| 39 | human tissue | inson to'qimasi | человеческая ткань | Scientists are learning to grow human tissue in the lab. |
| 40 | produceverb | ishlab chiqariladi | производятся | Most of the world's cotton is produced in just a few countries. |