Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Imagine a machine that can build almost any object by adding material layer by layerlayer by layerAdding one thin level of material at a time, on top of the last.≈ Synonym: one thin level at a time🇺🇿UZ: qatlama-qatlam🇷🇺RU: слой за слоем, instead of cutting or shaping it from a solid blocksolid blockA single, hard, unbroken piece of material.≈ Synonym: single hard piece of material🇺🇿UZ: yaxlit blok🇷🇺RU: цельный блок. This is exactly what a 3D printer does. Although the technology might seem futuristicfuturistic (adj)Looking or seeming like it belongs to the future.≈ Synonym: advanced, ahead of its time🇺🇿UZ: kelajakka oid, futuristik🇷🇺RU: футуристический, the first 3D printers were actually inventedinvent (verb)Created something new that did not exist before.≈ Synonym: created for the first time🇺🇿UZ: ixtiro qilingan🇷🇺RU: изобретены back in the 1980s, and the process has been steadily improvingsteadily improvingGetting better gradually and consistently over time.≈ Synonym: gradually getting better🇺🇿UZ: izchil yaxshilanmoqda🇷🇺RU: постепенно совершенствуется ever since.
A 3D printer works by reading a digital designdigital designA plan or model for an object created and stored on a computer.≈ Synonym: computer-made plan🇺🇿UZ: raqamli dizayn🇷🇺RU: цифровой дизайн, usually created on a computer, and then building the object one thin layer at a time. The printer meltsmelt (verb)Turns from a solid into a liquid using heat.≈ Synonym: turns solid into liquid🇺🇿UZ: eritadi🇷🇺RU: плавит or hardensharden (verb)Becomes solid or firm.≈ Synonym: becomes solid🇺🇿UZ: qattiqlashtiradi🇷🇺RU: затвердевает material, such as plastic, resinresin (noun)A thick liquid material, often used in 3D printing, that hardens into a solid.≈ Synonym: liquid material that hardens🇺🇿UZ: smola🇷🇺RU: смола, or metal, according to the exact shape of each layer. Layer after layer is added on top of the previous one until the final object is complete. This method is often called additive manufacturingadditive manufacturingThe technical name for building objects by adding material layer by layer.≈ Synonym: building by adding layers🇺🇿UZ: additiv ishlab chiqarish🇷🇺RU: аддитивное производство.
Today, 3D printing is used in many surprising fieldssurprising fieldsAreas of work or study that are unexpected for a certain use.≈ Synonym: unexpected areas of use🇺🇿UZ: kutilmagan sohalar🇷🇺RU: неожиданные области. In medicine, doctors use it to create customcustom (adj)Made specially to fit the needs of one particular person.≈ Synonym: specially made for one person🇺🇿UZ: maxsus buyurtma asosida🇷🇺RU: индивидуальный, на заказ prosthetic limbsprosthetic limbsArtificial body parts, such as arms or legs, used to replace missing ones.≈ Synonym: artificial arms or legs🇺🇿UZ: protez a'zolar🇷🇺RU: протезы конечностей and even models of a patient's organsorgan (noun)Parts of the body, such as the heart or lungs, that perform specific functions.≈ Synonym: body parts with specific functions🇺🇿UZ: organlar🇷🇺RU: органы to help plan complicated surgeriescomplicated surgeriesDifficult medical operations that require careful planning.≈ Synonym: difficult medical operations🇺🇿UZ: murakkab operatsiyalar🇷🇺RU: сложные операции. In manufacturing, companies use 3D printers to make spare partsspare partsExtra pieces kept ready to replace broken or worn parts of a machine.≈ Synonym: replacement pieces🇺🇿UZ: ehtiyot qismlar🇷🇺RU: запасные части quickly, without waiting weeks for a factory to produce them. Artists and designers also use the technology to create detailed sculpturessculpture (noun)Works of art made by shaping materials into three-dimensional forms.≈ Synonym: carved or shaped artworks🇺🇿UZ: haykallar🇷🇺RU: скульптуры and unique jewelryjewelry (noun)Decorative items worn on the body, such as rings or necklaces.≈ Synonym: rings, necklaces, and similar items🇺🇿UZ: zargarlik buyumlari🇷🇺RU: ювелирные изделия that would be difficult to make by hand.
One major advantage of 3D printing is that it allows for rapid prototypingrapid prototypingQuickly building a test version of a new design to try it out.≈ Synonym: fast test-model building🇺🇿UZ: tezkor prototiplash🇷🇺RU: быстрое прототипирование, meaning designers can test new ideas quickly and cheaply before committingcommit (verb)Deciding firmly to do something and putting resources into it.≈ Synonym: firmly deciding to proceed🇺🇿UZ: sarflashdan oldin, bag'ishlashdan oldin🇷🇺RU: прежде чем взять на себя обязательства to mass productionmass productionMaking large numbers of the same product, usually by machine.≈ Synonym: manufacturing in large quantities🇺🇿UZ: ommaviy ishlab chiqarish🇷🇺RU: массовое производство. It also reduces wastereduce wasteMakes the amount of unused or thrown-away material smaller.≈ Synonym: cuts down on unused material🇺🇿UZ: chiqindilarni kamaytiradi🇷🇺RU: сокращает отходы, since material is only added where it is needed, unlike traditional manufacturingtraditional manufacturingOlder methods of making products, often by cutting material away.≈ Synonym: older production methods🇺🇿UZ: an'anaviy ishlab chiqarish🇷🇺RU: традиционное производство, which often cuts away large amountsamount (noun)Quantities of something.≈ Synonym: quantities🇺🇿UZ: miqdorlar🇷🇺RU: количества of material. However, 3D printers can still be slow for large objects, and some materials remain expensiveexpensive (adj)Costing a lot of money.≈ Synonym: costly🇺🇿UZ: qimmat🇷🇺RU: дорогой.
Looking ahead, experts believe 3D printing will keep expandingexpand (verb)Growing larger or spreading into new areas.≈ Synonym: growing, spreading🇺🇿UZ: kengaymoqda🇷🇺RU: расширяется into new areas, including constructionconstruction (noun)The process of building things, such as houses or roads.≈ Synonym: building process🇺🇿UZ: qurilish🇷🇺RU: строительство, where huge printers could one day build entire housesentire housesWhole, complete houses, not just parts of them.≈ Synonym: whole, complete houses🇺🇿UZ: butun uylar🇷🇺RU: целые дома. As the technology becomes cheaper and more reliablereliable (adj)Able to be trusted to work well.≈ Synonym: dependable, trustworthy🇺🇿UZ: ishonchli🇷🇺RU: надёжный, it is likely to change how everyday products, and even human tissuehuman tissueGroups of cells in the human body that form organs and other body parts.≈ Synonym: cells forming body parts🇺🇿UZ: inson to'qimasi🇷🇺RU: человеческая ткань, are designed and producedproduce (verb)Made or created, especially in large quantities.≈ Synonym: made, manufactured🇺🇿UZ: ishlab chiqariladi🇷🇺RU: производятся in the future.