Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
When most people hear the word "Vikings," they imagineimagine (verb)To make a picture of something in your mind.≈ Synonym: picture🇺🇿UZ: tasavvur qilmoq🇷🇺RU: представлять fiercefierce (adj)Very aggressive or violent in behavior.≈ Synonym: aggressive🇺🇿UZ: shafqatsiz, vahshiy🇷🇺RU: свирепый warriorswarrior (noun)A brave fighter, especially in the past.≈ Synonym: fighter🇺🇿UZ: jangchi🇷🇺RU: воин raidingraid (verb)Attacking a place suddenly to steal things.≈ Synonym: attacking🇺🇿UZ: bosqinchilik qilish🇷🇺RU: совершая набеги villages along the coasts of Europe. This image is not entirelyentirely (adv)Completely.≈ Synonym: completely🇺🇿UZ: butunlay🇷🇺RU: полностью wrong, but it is only part of the story. The Vikings were people from ScandinaviaScandinavia (noun)A region in northern Europe that includes Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.≈ Synonym: Nordic region🇺🇿UZ: Skandinaviya🇷🇺RU: Скандинавия — modern-day Norway, Sweden, and Denmark — who were also skilledskilled (adj)Having the ability and training to do something well.≈ Synonym: capable🇺🇿UZ: malakali🇷🇺RU: квалифицированный, умелый farmers, traders, and explorers between the eighth and eleventh centuries.
One reason the Vikings could travel so far was their remarkableremarkable (adj)Very impressive or unusual, worth noticing.≈ Synonym: impressive🇺🇿UZ: ajoyib, ajablanarli🇷🇺RU: замечательный ships. Viking longshipslongship (noun)Long, narrow wooden ships used by the Vikings for war and travel.≈ Synonym: Viking ships🇺🇿UZ: uzun kemalar🇷🇺RU: длинные корабли (драккары) were long, narrownarrow (adj)Not wide.≈ Synonym: thin🇺🇿UZ: tor🇷🇺RU: узкий, and light, with a shallowshallow (adj)Not deep; having little depth.≈ Synonym: not deep🇺🇿UZ: sayoz🇷🇺RU: мелкий (неглубокий) bottom that allowed them to sailsail (verb)To travel on water in a ship or boat.🇺🇿UZ: suzmoq (kemada)🇷🇺RU: плыть (на судне) across open oceans as well as up narrow rivers. These ships were fast and flexibleflexible (adj)Able to change or adapt easily to different situations.≈ Synonym: adaptable🇺🇿UZ: moslashuvchan🇷🇺RU: гибкий, giving Viking sailors an enormous advantageadvantage (noun)A condition or factor that gives someone a better chance of success.≈ Synonym: benefit🇺🇿UZ: afzallik🇷🇺RU: преимущество when raiding, trading, or exploring unknownunknown (adj)Not known.≈ Synonym: unfamiliar🇺🇿UZ: noma'lum🇷🇺RU: неизвестный coastlinescoastline (noun)The land along the edge of a sea or ocean.≈ Synonym: shores🇺🇿UZ: sohillar🇷🇺RU: береговые линии.
While raids brought the Vikings a fearsome reputationreputation (noun)The general opinion that people have about someone or something.≈ Synonym: image🇺🇿UZ: obro', shuhrat🇷🇺RU: репутация, trade was just as important to their society. Viking merchants traveled vast distancesvast distance (noun)Very large distances between places.≈ Synonym: great distances🇺🇿UZ: katta masofalar🇷🇺RU: огромные расстояния, exchangingexchange (verb)Giving one thing and receiving another in return.≈ Synonym: trading🇺🇿UZ: almashtirish🇷🇺RU: обменивая fursfur (noun)The soft, thick hair of certain animals, used to make clothing.≈ Synonym: pelts🇺🇿UZ: mo'ynalar🇷🇺RU: меха, timbertimber (noun)Wood that is used for building or making things.≈ Synonym: wood🇺🇿UZ: yog'och🇷🇺RU: древесина, and ironiron (noun)A strong, hard metal.🇺🇿UZ: temir🇷🇺RU: железо for silver, silk, and spices from places as far away as Baghdad and Constantinople. Viking trading routestrading route (noun)Paths regularly used by merchants to carry goods between places.≈ Synonym: trade paths🇺🇿UZ: savdo yo'llari🇷🇺RU: торговые пути connected Scandinavia to much of Europe, the Middle East, and even Central AsiaCentral Asia (noun)A region of Asia that includes countries such as Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.≈ Synonym: the region including Uzbekistan🇺🇿UZ: Markaziy Osiyo🇷🇺RU: Центральная Азия.
The Vikings were also remarkable explorers. They settledsettle (verb)Moved to a new place to live there permanently.≈ Synonym: colonized🇺🇿UZ: joylashdilar, o'rnashdilar🇷🇺RU: поселились in Iceland and later Greenland, and archaeological evidencearchaeological evidence (noun)Physical objects or remains found by scientists that prove something happened in the past.≈ Synonym: historical proof🇺🇿UZ: arxeologik dalillar🇷🇺RU: археологические свидетельства shows that a Viking named Leif Erikson reached the coast of North America around the year 1000 — nearly five hundred years before Christopher Columbus. This journeyjourney (noun)A trip from one place to another, especially a long one.≈ Synonym: trip🇺🇿UZ: sayohat🇷🇺RU: путешествие proves that Vikings crossed the Atlantic Ocean long before Europeans thought such a voyagevoyage (noun)A long journey, especially by sea.≈ Synonym: sea journey🇺🇿UZ: dengiz safari🇷🇺RU: плавание, вояж was possible.
Today, historianshistorian (noun)A person who studies history.🇺🇿UZ: tarixchi🇷🇺RU: историк see the Vikings as a far more complexcomplex (adj)Made up of many different parts; not simple.≈ Synonym: complicated🇺🇿UZ: murakkab🇷🇺RU: сложный people than the old stereotypestereotype (noun)A fixed, often unfair, general idea about a group of people.≈ Synonym: fixed image🇺🇿UZ: stereotip🇷🇺RU: стереотип of savagesavage (adj)Fierce, wild, and uncontrolled.≈ Synonym: brutal🇺🇿UZ: vahshiy🇷🇺RU: дикий, жестокий warriors. They were skilled shipbuildersshipbuilder (noun)People who design and build ships.≈ Synonym: ship makers🇺🇿UZ: kema quruvchilar🇷🇺RU: кораблестроители, determineddetermined (adj)Having a firm decision to achieve something despite difficulty.≈ Synonym: resolute🇺🇿UZ: qat'iyatli🇷🇺RU: решительный traders, and boldbold (adj)Willing to take risks; confident and brave.≈ Synonym: brave🇺🇿UZ: jasur🇷🇺RU: смелый explorers who left a lasting marklasting mark (noun)A permanent or long-remembered effect on something.≈ Synonym: permanent impact🇺🇿UZ: chuqur iz🇷🇺RU: долговременный след on the regionsregion (noun)A large area of a country or of the world.≈ Synonym: area🇺🇿UZ: mintaqa, hudud🇷🇺RU: регион they touched. Their combination of couragecourage (noun)The ability to face danger or difficulty without fear.≈ Synonym: bravery🇺🇿UZ: jasorat🇷🇺RU: смелость and curiositycuriosity (noun)A strong desire to learn or know about something.≈ Synonym: inquisitiveness🇺🇿UZ: qiziquvchanlik🇷🇺RU: любопытство helped shape the history of medieval Europe and beyondbeyond (prep)Further than; on the other side of.≈ Synonym: past🇺🇿UZ: ...dan narida, tashqarida🇷🇺RU: за пределами.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (70–100 words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | imagineverb | tasavvur qilmoq | представлять | Imagine you are on a beach in summer. |
| 2 | fierceadjective | shafqatsiz, vahshiy | свирепый | The dog looked fierce, but it was actually very friendly. |
| 3 | warriornoun | jangchi | воин | Amir Temur was a great warrior and leader. |
| 4 | raidverb | bosqinchilik qilish | совершая набеги | Soldiers raided the village at night. |
| 5 | entirelyadverb | butunlay | полностью | I entirely agree with you. |
| 6 | Scandinavianoun | Skandinaviya | Скандинавия | Scandinavia is famous for its long, dark winters. |
| 7 | skilledadjective | malakali | квалифицированный, умелый | We need skilled workers to build the new bridge. |
| 8 | remarkableadjective | ajoyib, ajablanarli | замечательный | She made a remarkable recovery after the accident. |
| 9 | longshipnoun | uzun kemalar | длинные корабли (драккары) | A Viking longship could carry about sixty men. |
| 10 | narrowadjective | tor | узкий | The streets in the old city are very narrow. |
| 11 | shallowadjective | sayoz | мелкий (неглубокий) | The water is shallow here, so children can swim safely. |
| 12 | sailverb | suzmoq (kemada) | плыть (на судне) | They sailed across the sea in a small boat. |
| 13 | flexibleadjective | moslashuvchan | гибкий | My boss is flexible about when I start work. |
| 14 | advantagenoun | afzallik | преимущество | Speaking three languages is a big advantage. |
| 15 | unknownadjective | noma'lum | неизвестный | The cause of the fire is still unknown. |
| 16 | coastlinenoun | sohillar | береговые линии | Croatia has a beautiful rocky coastline. |
| 17 | reputationnoun | obro', shuhrat | репутация | This restaurant has a good reputation for its food. |
| 18 | vast distancenoun | katta masofalar | огромные расстояния | Birds fly vast distances every autumn. |
| 19 | exchangeverb | almashtirish | обменивая | We exchanged phone numbers after the meeting. |
| 20 | furnoun | mo'ynalar | меха | In winter, people in Russia wear hats made of fur. |
| 21 | timbernoun | yog'och | древесина | The house was built with timber from local forests. |
| 22 | ironnoun | temir | железо | The gate is made of iron. |
| 23 | trading routenoun | savdo yo'llari | торговые пути | Bukhara grew rich because it was on a busy trading route. |
| 24 | Central Asianoun | Markaziy Osiyo | Центральная Азия | Uzbekistan is right in the middle of Central Asia. |
| 25 | settleverb | joylashdilar, o'rnashdilar | поселились | My grandparents settled in Tashkent after the war. |
| 26 | archaeological evidencenoun | arxeologik dalillar | археологические свидетельства | Archaeological evidence shows people lived here 3,000 years ago. |
| 27 | journeynoun | sayohat | путешествие | The journey home took longer because of the snow. |
| 28 | voyagenoun | dengiz safari | плавание, вояж | The ship's first voyage across the ocean took six weeks. |
| 29 | historiannoun | tarixchi | историк | Historians still argue about the date of the battle. |
| 30 | complexadjective | murakkab | сложный | The problem is more complex than it looks. |
| 31 | stereotypenoun | stereotip | стереотип | It's a stereotype that all teenagers are lazy. |
| 32 | savageadjective | vahshiy | дикий, жестокий | The village was attacked by a savage storm. |
| 33 | shipbuildernoun | kema quruvchilar | кораблестроители | Shipbuilders in the port build large cargo ships. |
| 34 | determinedadjective | qat'iyatli | решительный | She was determined to pass the exam. |
| 35 | boldadjective | jasur | смелый | It was a bold decision to start his own company. |
| 36 | lasting marknoun | chuqur iz | долговременный след | The great teacher left a lasting mark on her students. |
| 37 | regionnoun | mintaqa, hudud | регион | Fergana is the most populated region of Uzbekistan. |
| 38 | couragenoun | jasorat | смелость | It took courage to tell the truth. |
| 39 | curiositynoun | qiziquvchanlik | любопытство | Children are full of curiosity about the world. |
| 40 | beyondpreposition | ...dan narida, tashqarida | за пределами | Our village is just beyond those hills. |