Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Chocolate is one of the most popular treatstreat (noun)Special foods or things that people enjoy, often as something extra rather than a necessity.≈ Synonym: delicacies🇺🇿UZ: tansiq taomlar🇷🇺RU: лакомства in the world. People enjoy it in many formsform (noun)A type or kind of something.≈ Synonym: type🇺🇿UZ: shakl, ko'rinish🇷🇺RU: форма, вид — as a bar, a drink, or part of cakes and sweets. But have you ever thought about where chocolate comes from and how it is made? The journey of chocolate is long and fascinatingfascinating (adj)Extremely interesting; attracting a lot of attention.≈ Synonym: captivating🇺🇿UZ: juda qiziqarli🇷🇺RU: увлекательный, starting with a small bean and ending as a deliciousdelicious (adj)Having a very good taste.≈ Synonym: tasty🇺🇿UZ: mazali🇷🇺RU: вкусный product enjoyed everywhere.
The main ingredientingredient (noun)One of the foods or substances that are combined to make a particular dish or product.≈ Synonym: component🇺🇿UZ: tarkibiy qism, ingredient🇷🇺RU: ингредиент in chocolate is the cocoa beancocoa bean (noun)The seed of the cocoa tree, used to make chocolate.≈ Synonym: cacao bean🇺🇿UZ: kakao donasi🇷🇺RU: какао-боб. These beans grow on cocoa treescocoa tree (noun)Trees that grow the pods containing cocoa beans.≈ Synonym: cacao trees🇺🇿UZ: kakao daraxtlari🇷🇺RU: какао-деревья, which are found in warmwarm (adj)A little hot, in a pleasant way.🇺🇿UZ: iliq🇷🇺RU: тёплый countries near the equatorequator (noun)An imaginary line around the middle of the Earth, where the climate is usually hot.≈ Synonym: tropics line🇺🇿UZ: ekvator🇷🇺RU: экватор. The largest producersproducer (noun)Countries, companies, or people that grow or make a particular product in large amounts.≈ Synonym: growers🇺🇿UZ: ishlab chiqaruvchilar🇷🇺RU: производители of cocoa are countries like Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Indonesia. Cocoa trees produceproduce (verb)To make or grow something.≈ Synonym: make🇺🇿UZ: ishlab chiqarmoq, yetishtirmoq🇷🇺RU: производить podspod (noun)Long cases that grow on some plants and contain seeds or beans.≈ Synonym: husks🇺🇿UZ: qutichalar, po'stloqlar🇷🇺RU: стручки that are filled with cocoa beans. Farmers carefullycarefully (adv)With a lot of attention.🇺🇿UZ: ehtiyotkorlik bilan🇷🇺RU: осторожно, тщательно cut these pods from the trees and removeremove (verb)To take something away or out.≈ Synonym: take out🇺🇿UZ: olib tashlamoq🇷🇺RU: удалять, извлекать the beans by handby hand (phrase)Done by a person, without using a machine.≈ Synonym: manually🇺🇿UZ: qo'lda🇷🇺RU: вручную.
Next, the beans are left to fermentferment (verb)To go through a chemical change caused by bacteria or yeast, often changing taste.≈ Synonym: brew🇺🇿UZ: achitmoq, bijg'itmoq🇷🇺RU: бродить, ферментироваться for several days. This is an important part of the processprocess (noun)A series of actions or steps taken to achieve a result.≈ Synonym: procedure🇺🇿UZ: jarayon🇷🇺RU: процесс because it helps developdevelop (verb)To grow or become more complete, advanced, or detailed over time.≈ Synonym: build up🇺🇿UZ: rivojlantirmoq🇷🇺RU: развивать the chocolate’s rich flavourflavour (noun)The particular taste of a food or drink.≈ Synonym: taste🇺🇿UZ: ta'm, xush ta'm🇷🇺RU: вкус, аромат. After fermentationfermentation (noun)A natural process that changes food, e.g. milk into yoghurt.🇺🇿UZ: achitish, fermentatsiya🇷🇺RU: брожение, ферментация, the beans are drieddry (verb)Had the water or moisture removed from something.≈ Synonym: dehydrated🇺🇿UZ: quritilgan🇷🇺RU: высушенный in the sun. Once dry, they are packedpack (verb)Put things together tightly into a container for storing or moving.≈ Synonym: packaged🇺🇿UZ: qadoqlangan🇷🇺RU: упакованный into bags and sent to factories in other parts of the world.
At the factory, the beans are cleaned and roastedroast (verb)Cooked or heated using dry heat, often to bring out flavour.≈ Synonym: toasted🇺🇿UZ: qovurilgan🇷🇺RU: обжаренный to bring outbring out (phrase)To make a quality, such as a flavour, more noticeable.≈ Synonym: enhance🇺🇿UZ: yorqinroq qilmoq, kuchaytirmoq🇷🇺RU: подчеркнуть, выявить more of their flavour. The roasted beans are then crushedcrush (verb)Pressed or squeezed something very hard so that it breaks or changes shape.≈ Synonym: ground down🇺🇿UZ: maydalangan, ezilgan🇷🇺RU: измельчённый to make a thickthick (adj)Having a large distance between opposite surfaces; not thin or watery.≈ Synonym: dense🇺🇿UZ: qalin, quyuq🇷🇺RU: густой, darkdark (adj)Close to black in colour.🇺🇿UZ: to'q, qora🇷🇺RU: тёмный liquidliquid (noun)A substance, like water, that flows freely and is not a solid or gas.≈ Synonym: fluid🇺🇿UZ: suyuqlik🇷🇺RU: жидкость called cocoa masscocoa mass (noun)The thick, dark paste made from crushed roasted cocoa beans.≈ Synonym: cocoa paste🇺🇿UZ: kakao massasi🇷🇺RU: какао тёртое (масса). This liquid is used to produce different types of chocolate. For milk chocolate, for example, milk powdermilk powder (noun)Milk that has had the water removed so it becomes a dry powder.≈ Synonym: powdered milk🇺🇿UZ: quruq sut🇷🇺RU: сухое молоко and sugar are addedadd (verb)To put something with something else.≈ Synonym: put in🇺🇿UZ: qo'shmoq🇷🇺RU: добавлять to the cocoa mass. For dark chocolate, there is more cocoa and less sugar. The mixturemixture (noun)A substance made by combining two or more different things.≈ Synonym: blend🇺🇿UZ: aralashma🇷🇺RU: смесь is then pouredpour (verb)Made a liquid flow from a container into or onto something.≈ Synonym: tipped🇺🇿UZ: quyilgan🇷🇺RU: налитый, вылитый into mouldsmould (noun)Hollow containers used to give a shape to a soft or liquid substance as it hardens.≈ Synonym: molds🇺🇿UZ: qoliplar🇷🇺RU: формы and cooledcool (verb)Made something less warm; lowered the temperature of something.≈ Synonym: chilled🇺🇿UZ: sovutilgan🇷🇺RU: охлаждённый to form bars or other shapesshape (noun)The outside form of something, e.g. a circle or square.≈ Synonym: form🇺🇿UZ: shakl🇷🇺RU: форма.
Finally, the chocolate is wrappedwrap (verb)Covered something completely with paper or another material.≈ Synonym: packaged🇺🇿UZ: o'ralgan🇷🇺RU: завёрнутый and sent to shops and supermarketssupermarket (noun)A large shop that sells food and other things.≈ Synonym: store🇺🇿UZ: supermarket🇷🇺RU: супермаркет, readyready (adj)Prepared to be used or to do something.≈ Synonym: prepared🇺🇿UZ: tayyor🇷🇺RU: готовый to be enjoyed. The journey from bean to bar is the work of many people — from farmers to factory workers — and takes time and carecare (noun)Serious attention and effort put into doing something correctly.≈ Synonym: attention🇺🇿UZ: e'tibor, g'amxo'rlik🇷🇺RU: забота, внимание at every step.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (70–100 words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | treatnoun | tansiq taomlar | лакомства | On Fridays, we have ice cream as a special treat. |
| 2 | formnoun | shakl, ko'rinish | форма, вид | Ice is a solid form of water. |
| 3 | fascinatingadjective | juda qiziqarli | увлекательный | The documentary about whales was fascinating. |
| 4 | deliciousadjective | mazali | вкусный | My mother makes delicious plov. |
| 5 | ingredientnoun | tarkibiy qism, ingredient | ингредиент | Rice is the main ingredient in plov. |
| 6 | cocoa beannoun | kakao donasi | какао-боб | Each cocoa bean is about the size of an almond. |
| 7 | cocoa treenoun | kakao daraxtlari | какао-деревья | A cocoa tree needs a lot of rain and heat. |
| 8 | warmadjective | iliq | тёплый | It's warm enough to sit outside today. |
| 9 | equatornoun | ekvator | экватор | Countries near the equator are hot all year. |
| 10 | producernoun | ishlab chiqaruvchilar | производители | Uzbekistan is a big producer of cotton. |
| 11 | produceverb | ishlab chiqarmoq, yetishtirmoq | производить | Our garden produces lots of tomatoes in summer. |
| 12 | podnoun | qutichalar, po'stloqlar | стручки | Peas grow inside green pods. |
| 13 | carefullyadverb | ehtiyotkorlik bilan | осторожно, тщательно | Carry the glasses carefully. |
| 14 | removeverb | olib tashlamoq | удалять, извлекать | Remove the seeds before you cut the melon. |
| 15 | by handphrase | qo'lda | вручную | This carpet was made entirely by hand. |
| 16 | fermentverb | achitmoq, bijg'itmoq | бродить, ферментироваться | Milk ferments to make yoghurt. |
| 17 | processnoun | jarayon | процесс | Getting a visa can be a long process. |
| 18 | developverb | rivojlantirmoq | развивать | Children develop language skills very quickly. |
| 19 | flavournoun | ta'm, xush ta'm | вкус, аромат | This tea has a lovely lemon flavour. |
| 20 | fermentationnoun | achitish, fermentatsiya | брожение, ферментация | Fermentation turns milk into yoghurt. |
| 21 | dryverb | quritilgan | высушенный | We dry apricots in the sun every summer. |
| 22 | packverb | qadoqlangan | упакованный | Have you packed your suitcase yet? |
| 23 | roastverb | qovurilgan | обжаренный | My father roasts the meat over an open fire. |
| 24 | bring outphrase | yorqinroq qilmoq, kuchaytirmoq | подчеркнуть, выявить | A little salt brings out the sweetness of melon. |
| 25 | crushverb | maydalangan, ezilgan | измельчённый | Crush the garlic before you add it to the pan. |
| 26 | thickadjective | qalin, quyuq | густой | The soup was so thick you could stand a spoon in it. |
| 27 | darkadjective | to'q, qora | тёмный | He was wearing a dark blue suit. |
| 28 | liquidnoun | suyuqlik | жидкость | Water is a liquid, and ice is a solid. |
| 29 | cocoa massnoun | kakao massasi | какао тёртое (масса) | Cocoa mass is dark and very bitter. |
| 30 | milk powdernoun | quruq sut | сухое молоко | We took milk powder on our camping trip. |
| 31 | addverb | qo'shmoq | добавлять | Add a little salt to the soup. |
| 32 | mixturenoun | aralashma | смесь | Pour the mixture into the cake tin. |
| 33 | pourverb | quyilgan | налитый, вылитый | She poured tea for all the guests. |
| 34 | mouldnoun | qoliplar | формы | Put the jelly in a mould and leave it in the fridge. |
| 35 | coolverb | sovutilgan | охлаждённый | Let the bread cool before you cut it. |
| 36 | shapenoun | shakl | форма | The cake was in the shape of a heart. |
| 37 | wrapverb | o'ralgan | завёрнутый | I wrapped the present in coloured paper. |
| 38 | supermarketnoun | supermarket | супермаркет | You can buy fresh bread at the supermarket. |
| 39 | readyadjective | tayyor | готовый | Dinner is ready! |
| 40 | carenoun | e'tibor, g'amxo'rlik | забота, внимание | Handle these old books with care. |