Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Jobs today are very different from those of the past. In the past, many people worked on farms, growing food for their families or their communities. Later, during the industrial revolutionindustrial revolutionA period of major change when machines and factories began to replace hand-made goods and farm work.≈ Synonym: industrialization🇺🇿UZ: sanoat inqilobi🇷🇺RU: промышленная революция, people moved to cities to work in factoriesfactory (noun)Buildings where goods are made in large numbers, usually with machines.≈ Synonym: plants🇺🇿UZ: fabrikalar, zavodlar🇷🇺RU: фабрики. These jobs often involved working with machinesmachine (noun)Devices with moving parts that do a particular kind of work.≈ Synonym: equipment🇺🇿UZ: mashinalar, uskunalar🇷🇺RU: машины and doing the same taskstask (noun)Pieces of work that need to be done.≈ Synonym: duties🇺🇿UZ: vazifalar, topshiriqlar🇷🇺RU: задачи again and again. Workers had to follow strictstrict (adj)Demanding that rules are obeyed exactly.≈ Synonym: rigid🇺🇿UZ: qat'iy🇷🇺RU: строгий rules, and jobs were usually full-timefull-time (adj)Working the whole of each normal working week.≈ Synonym: full-hours🇺🇿UZ: to'liq ish kuni🇷🇺RU: полный рабочий день and long-termlong-term (adj)Continuing for a long period of time.≈ Synonym: lasting🇺🇿UZ: uzoq muddatli🇷🇺RU: долгосрочный.
Today, work is changing in many ways. One of the biggest changes is that more people work in servicesservice (noun)Work done to help people rather than producing goods, such as in shops or hospitals.≈ Synonym: service sector🇺🇿UZ: xizmat sohasi🇷🇺RU: сфера услуг rather than in factories or on farms. Service jobs include working in shops, restaurants, hospitals, schools, or offices. These jobs often requirerequire (verb)To need something or make something necessary.≈ Synonym: need🇺🇿UZ: talab qilmoq🇷🇺RU: требовать workers to communicatecommunicate (verb)To share information or ideas with other people.≈ Synonym: interact🇺🇿UZ: muloqot qilmoq🇷🇺RU: общаться with other people and solve problemssolve problems (phrase)To find answers or solutions to difficulties.≈ Synonym: fix issues🇺🇿UZ: muammolarni hal qilmoq🇷🇺RU: решать проблемы. Computers and technologytechnology (noun)Scientific knowledge and tools used to do practical tasks, especially machines and computers.≈ Synonym: tech🇺🇿UZ: texnologiya🇷🇺RU: технология have become an important part of almost every job. Even jobs like driving or cleaning now often use new tools and devicesdevice (noun)Objects or tools made for a particular purpose, especially electronic ones.≈ Synonym: gadgets🇺🇿UZ: qurilmalar🇷🇺RU: устройства to make work easier or faster.
Another big change is that many people no longerno longer (phrase)Not anymore; used to happen but not now.≈ Synonym: not anymore🇺🇿UZ: endi ... emas🇷🇺RU: больше не have one job for life. In the past, it was commoncommon (adj)Happening often or existing in large numbers; usual.≈ Synonym: usual🇺🇿UZ: keng tarqalgan, odatiy🇷🇺RU: обычный, распространённый for someone to stay in the same job or company for many years. Today, people often change jobs or even careerscareer (noun)Jobs or professions that a person does for a long period of their life.≈ Synonym: professions🇺🇿UZ: kasblar, karyera🇷🇺RU: карьеры several times during their working life. Some people work part-timepart-time (adj)Working for only part of the normal working day or week.≈ Synonym: part-hours🇺🇿UZ: yarim stavka🇷🇺RU: неполный рабочий день, and others work as freelancersfreelancer (noun)People who work for themselves and do jobs for different companies, not for one employer.≈ Synonym: independent workers🇺🇿UZ: frilanserlar, erkin ishchilar🇷🇺RU: фрилансеры or on short-term contractsshort-term contract (noun)Formal work agreements that last only for a limited, short period of time.≈ Synonym: temporary contracts🇺🇿UZ: qisqa muddatli shartnomalar🇷🇺RU: краткосрочные контракты. This can give workers more freedomfreedom (noun)The ability to do what you want without a lot of control from others.≈ Synonym: independence🇺🇿UZ: erkinlik🇷🇺RU: свобода, but it can also mean less securitysecurity (noun)The feeling or state of being safe and free from worry, especially about money or a job.≈ Synonym: stability🇺🇿UZ: barqarorlik, xavfsizlik🇷🇺RU: безопасность, стабильность.
Technology is also creatingcreate (verb)Making something new that did not exist before.≈ Synonym: producing🇺🇿UZ: yaratmoq🇷🇺RU: создавать new jobs that did not exist before. For example, there are now jobs in areas like web designweb design (noun)The work of planning and building the look and structure of websites.≈ Synonym: website design🇺🇿UZ: veb-dizayn🇷🇺RU: веб-дизайн, app developmentapp development (noun)The work of creating computer or phone applications.≈ Synonym: app building🇺🇿UZ: ilova yaratish🇷🇺RU: разработка приложений, and social media. At the same time, some jobs are disappearingdisappear (verb)Stopping existing; going away completely.≈ Synonym: vanishing🇺🇿UZ: yo'qolib bormoq🇷🇺RU: исчезать because machines or computers can do the work faster or more cheaplycheaply (adverb)In a way that costs little money.≈ Synonym: inexpensively🇺🇿UZ: arzon narxda🇷🇺RU: дёшево. This means that people need to learn new skillsskill (noun)Abilities to do something well, usually gained through training or practice.≈ Synonym: abilities🇺🇿UZ: ko'nikmalar🇷🇺RU: навыки to keep up withkeep up with (phrase)To stay at the same level or speed as something that is changing.≈ Synonym: stay current with🇺🇿UZ: hamqadam bo'lmoq, ortda qolmaslik🇷🇺RU: идти в ногу с the changes.
In conclusion, work is changing quickly. People today need to be flexibleflexible (adj)Able to change or adapt easily to new conditions.≈ Synonym: adaptable🇺🇿UZ: moslashuvchan🇷🇺RU: гибкий and ready to learn new things throughout their lives. While these changes bring challengeschallenge (noun)Difficult situations that test a person's ability.≈ Synonym: difficulties🇺🇿UZ: qiyinchiliklar🇷🇺RU: трудности, вызовы, they also offer new opportunitiesopportunity (noun)Chances to do something good or beneficial.≈ Synonym: chances🇺🇿UZ: imkoniyatlar🇷🇺RU: возможности for workers everywhere.