Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Chocolate is one of the most popular treatstreat (noun)Special foods or things that people enjoy, often as something extra rather than a necessity.≈ Synonym: delicacies🇺🇿UZ: tansiq taomlar🇷🇺RU: лакомства in the world. People enjoy it in many forms — as a bar, a drink, or part of cakes and sweets. But have you ever thought about where chocolate comes from and how it is made? The journey of chocolate is long and fascinatingfascinating (adj)Extremely interesting; attracting a lot of attention.≈ Synonym: captivating🇺🇿UZ: juda qiziqarli🇷🇺RU: увлекательный, starting with a small bean and ending as a delicious product enjoyed everywhere.
The main ingredientingredient (noun)One of the foods or substances that are combined to make a particular dish or product.≈ Synonym: component🇺🇿UZ: tarkibiy qism, ingredient🇷🇺RU: ингредиент in chocolate is the cocoa beancocoa bean (noun)The seed of the cocoa tree, used to make chocolate.≈ Synonym: cacao bean🇺🇿UZ: kakao donasi🇷🇺RU: какао-боб. These beans grow on cocoa treescocoa tree (noun)Trees that grow the pods containing cocoa beans.≈ Synonym: cacao trees🇺🇿UZ: kakao daraxtlari🇷🇺RU: какао-деревья, which are found in warm countries near the equatorequator (noun)An imaginary line around the middle of the Earth, where the climate is usually hot.≈ Synonym: tropics line🇺🇿UZ: ekvator🇷🇺RU: экватор. The largest producersproducer (noun)Countries, companies, or people that grow or make a particular product in large amounts.≈ Synonym: growers🇺🇿UZ: ishlab chiqaruvchilar🇷🇺RU: производители of cocoa are countries like Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Indonesia. Cocoa trees produceproduce (verb)To make or grow something.≈ Synonym: make🇺🇿UZ: ishlab chiqarmoq, yetishtirmoq🇷🇺RU: производить podspod (noun)Long cases that grow on some plants and contain seeds or beans.≈ Synonym: husks🇺🇿UZ: qutichalar, po'stloqlar🇷🇺RU: стручки that are filled with cocoa beans. Farmers carefully cut these pods from the trees and removeremove (verb)To take something away or out.≈ Synonym: take out🇺🇿UZ: olib tashlamoq🇷🇺RU: удалять, извлекать the beans by handby hand (phrase)Done by a person, without using a machine.≈ Synonym: manually🇺🇿UZ: qo'lda🇷🇺RU: вручную.
Next, the beans are left to fermentferment (verb)To go through a chemical change caused by bacteria or yeast, often changing taste.≈ Synonym: brew🇺🇿UZ: achitmoq, bijg'itmoq🇷🇺RU: бродить, ферментироваться for several days. This is an important part of the processprocess (noun)A series of actions or steps taken to achieve a result.≈ Synonym: procedure🇺🇿UZ: jarayon🇷🇺RU: процесс because it helps developdevelop (verb)To grow or become more complete, advanced, or detailed over time.≈ Synonym: build up🇺🇿UZ: rivojlantirmoq🇷🇺RU: развивать the chocolate’s rich flavourflavour (noun)The particular taste of a food or drink.≈ Synonym: taste🇺🇿UZ: ta'm, xush ta'm🇷🇺RU: вкус, аромат. After fermentationfermentation (noun)The chemical process in which sugar is broken down, often used to develop flavour.≈ Synonym: brewing process🇺🇿UZ: achish, fermentatsiya🇷🇺RU: ферментация, the beans are drieddry (verb)Had the water or moisture removed from something.≈ Synonym: dehydrated🇺🇿UZ: quritilgan🇷🇺RU: высушенный in the sun. Once dry, they are packedpack (verb)Put things together tightly into a container for storing or moving.≈ Synonym: packaged🇺🇿UZ: qadoqlangan🇷🇺RU: упакованный into bags and sent to factories in other parts of the world.
At the factory, the beans are cleaned and roastedroast (verb)Cooked or heated using dry heat, often to bring out flavour.≈ Synonym: toasted🇺🇿UZ: qovurilgan🇷🇺RU: обжаренный to bring outbring out (phrase)To make a quality, such as a flavour, more noticeable.≈ Synonym: enhance🇺🇿UZ: yorqinroq qilmoq, kuchaytirmoq🇷🇺RU: подчеркнуть, выявить more of their flavour. The roasted beans are then crushedcrush (verb)Pressed or squeezed something very hard so that it breaks or changes shape.≈ Synonym: ground down🇺🇿UZ: maydalangan, ezilgan🇷🇺RU: измельчённый to make a thickthick (adj)Having a large distance between opposite surfaces; not thin or watery.≈ Synonym: dense🇺🇿UZ: qalin, quyuq🇷🇺RU: густой, dark liquidliquid (noun)A substance, like water, that flows freely and is not a solid or gas.≈ Synonym: fluid🇺🇿UZ: suyuqlik🇷🇺RU: жидкость called cocoa masscocoa mass (noun)The thick, dark paste made from crushed roasted cocoa beans.≈ Synonym: cocoa paste🇺🇿UZ: kakao massasi🇷🇺RU: какао тёртое (масса). This liquid is used to produce different types of chocolate. For milk chocolate, for example, milk powdermilk powder (noun)Milk that has had the water removed so it becomes a dry powder.≈ Synonym: powdered milk🇺🇿UZ: quruq sut🇷🇺RU: сухое молоко and sugar are added to the cocoa mass. For dark chocolate, there is more cocoa and less sugar. The mixturemixture (noun)A substance made by combining two or more different things.≈ Synonym: blend🇺🇿UZ: aralashma🇷🇺RU: смесь is then pouredpour (verb)Made a liquid flow from a container into or onto something.≈ Synonym: tipped🇺🇿UZ: quyilgan🇷🇺RU: налитый, вылитый into mouldsmould (noun)Hollow containers used to give a shape to a soft or liquid substance as it hardens.≈ Synonym: molds🇺🇿UZ: qoliplar🇷🇺RU: формы and cooledcool (verb)Made something less warm; lowered the temperature of something.≈ Synonym: chilled🇺🇿UZ: sovutilgan🇷🇺RU: охлаждённый to form bars or other shapes.
Finally, the chocolate is wrappedwrap (verb)Covered something completely with paper or another material.≈ Synonym: packaged🇺🇿UZ: o'ralgan🇷🇺RU: завёрнутый and sent to shops and supermarketssupermarket (noun)Large shops that sell food and other household products.≈ Synonym: grocery stores🇺🇿UZ: supermarketlar🇷🇺RU: супермаркеты, ready to be enjoyed. The journey from bean to bar is the work of many people — from farmers to factory workers — and takes time and carecare (noun)Serious attention and effort put into doing something correctly.≈ Synonym: attention🇺🇿UZ: e'tibor, g'amxo'rlik🇷🇺RU: забота, внимание at every step.