Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Jobs today are very different from those of the past. In the past, many people worked on farms, growing food for their families or their communities. Later, during the industrial revolutionindustrial revolutionA period of major change when machines and factories began to replace hand-made goods and farm work.≈ Synonym: industrialization🇺🇿UZ: sanoat inqilobi🇷🇺RU: промышленная революция, people moved to cities to work in factoriesfactory (noun)Buildings where goods are made in large numbers, usually with machines.≈ Synonym: plants🇺🇿UZ: fabrikalar, zavodlar🇷🇺RU: фабрики. These jobs often involvedinvolve (verb)To include something as a necessary part.≈ Synonym: include🇺🇿UZ: o'z ichiga olmoq, talab qilmoq🇷🇺RU: включать, предполагать working with machinesmachine (noun)A piece of equipment that does a job.≈ Synonym: device🇺🇿UZ: mashina, uskuna🇷🇺RU: машина, станок and doing the same taskstask (noun)Pieces of work that need to be done.≈ Synonym: duties🇺🇿UZ: vazifalar, topshiriqlar🇷🇺RU: задачи again and again. Workers had to follow strictstrict (adj)Demanding that rules are obeyed exactly.≈ Synonym: rigid🇺🇿UZ: qat'iy🇷🇺RU: строгий rules, and jobs were usually full-timefull-time (adj)Working the whole of each normal working week.≈ Synonym: full-hours🇺🇿UZ: to'liq ish kuni🇷🇺RU: полный рабочий день and long-termlong-term (adj)Continuing for a long period of time.≈ Synonym: lasting🇺🇿UZ: uzoq muddatli🇷🇺RU: долгосрочный.
Today, work is changing in many ways. One of the biggest changes is that more people work in servicesservice (noun)Work done to help people rather than producing goods, such as in shops or hospitals.≈ Synonym: service sector🇺🇿UZ: xizmat sohasi🇷🇺RU: сфера услуг rather thanrather than (prep)Instead of.≈ Synonym: instead of🇺🇿UZ: ...o'rniga🇷🇺RU: вместо, а не in factories or on farms. Service jobs includeinclude (verb)To have something as one part of a whole.≈ Synonym: contain🇺🇿UZ: o'z ichiga olmoq🇷🇺RU: включать working in shops, restaurants, hospitals, schools, or offices. These jobs often requirerequire (verb)To need something or make something necessary.≈ Synonym: need🇺🇿UZ: talab qilmoq🇷🇺RU: требовать workers to communicatecommunicate (verb)To share information or ideas with other people.≈ Synonym: interact🇺🇿UZ: muloqot qilmoq🇷🇺RU: общаться with other people and solve problemssolve problems (phrase)To find answers or solutions to difficulties.≈ Synonym: fix issues🇺🇿UZ: muammolarni hal qilmoq🇷🇺RU: решать проблемы. Computers and technologytechnology (noun)Scientific knowledge and tools used to do practical tasks, especially machines and computers.≈ Synonym: tech🇺🇿UZ: texnologiya🇷🇺RU: технология have become an important part of almost every job. Even jobs like driving or cleaning now often use new tools and devicesdevice (noun)Objects or tools made for a particular purpose, especially electronic ones.≈ Synonym: gadgets🇺🇿UZ: qurilmalar🇷🇺RU: устройства to make work easier or fasterfast (adj)Quick.≈ Synonym: quick🇺🇿UZ: tez(roq)🇷🇺RU: быстрый.
Another big change is that many people no longerno longer (phrase)Not anymore; used to happen but not now.≈ Synonym: not anymore🇺🇿UZ: endi ... emas🇷🇺RU: больше не have one job for life. In the past, it was commoncommon (adj)Happening often or existing in large numbers; usual.≈ Synonym: usual🇺🇿UZ: keng tarqalgan, odatiy🇷🇺RU: обычный, распространённый for someone to stay in the same job or company for many years. Today, people often change jobs or even careerscareer (noun)Jobs or professions that a person does for a long period of their life.≈ Synonym: professions🇺🇿UZ: kasblar, karyera🇷🇺RU: карьеры several times during their working life. Some people work part-timepart-time (adj)Working for only part of the normal working day or week.≈ Synonym: part-hours🇺🇿UZ: yarim stavka🇷🇺RU: неполный рабочий день, and others work as freelancersfreelancer (noun)People who work for themselves and do jobs for different companies, not for one employer.≈ Synonym: independent workers🇺🇿UZ: frilanserlar, erkin ishchilar🇷🇺RU: фрилансеры or on short-term contractsshort-term contract (noun)Formal work agreements that last only for a limited, short period of time.≈ Synonym: temporary contracts🇺🇿UZ: qisqa muddatli shartnomalar🇷🇺RU: краткосрочные контракты. This can give workers more freedomfreedom (noun)The ability to do what you want without a lot of control from others.≈ Synonym: independence🇺🇿UZ: erkinlik🇷🇺RU: свобода, but it can also mean less securitysecurity (noun)The feeling or state of being safe and free from worry, especially about money or a job.≈ Synonym: stability🇺🇿UZ: barqarorlik, xavfsizlik🇷🇺RU: безопасность, стабильность.
Technology is also creatingcreate (verb)Making something new that did not exist before.≈ Synonym: producing🇺🇿UZ: yaratmoq🇷🇺RU: создавать new jobs that did not existexist (verb)To be real; to be there.≈ Synonym: be🇺🇿UZ: mavjud bo'lmoq🇷🇺RU: существовать before. For example, there are now jobs in areas like web designweb design (noun)The work of planning and building the look and structure of websites.≈ Synonym: website design🇺🇿UZ: veb-dizayn🇷🇺RU: веб-дизайн, app developmentapp development (noun)The work of creating computer or phone applications.≈ Synonym: app building🇺🇿UZ: ilova yaratish🇷🇺RU: разработка приложений, and social mediasocial media (noun)Websites and apps where people share information.🇺🇿UZ: ijtimoiy tarmoqlar🇷🇺RU: социальные сети. At the same time, some jobs are disappearingdisappear (verb)Stopping existing; going away completely.≈ Synonym: vanishing🇺🇿UZ: yo'qolib bormoq🇷🇺RU: исчезать because machines or computers can do the work faster or more cheaplycheaply (adverb)In a way that costs little money.≈ Synonym: inexpensively🇺🇿UZ: arzon narxda🇷🇺RU: дёшево. This means that people need to learn new skillsskill (noun)Abilities to do something well, usually gained through training or practice.≈ Synonym: abilities🇺🇿UZ: ko'nikmalar🇷🇺RU: навыки to keep up withkeep up with (phrase)To stay at the same level or speed as something that is changing.≈ Synonym: stay current with🇺🇿UZ: hamqadam bo'lmoq, ortda qolmaslik🇷🇺RU: идти в ногу с the changes.
In conclusionin conclusion (phr)Used to start the last part of a speech or text.≈ Synonym: to sum up🇺🇿UZ: xulosa qilib aytganda🇷🇺RU: в заключение, work is changing quicklyquickly (adv)At a fast speed.≈ Synonym: fast🇺🇿UZ: tez🇷🇺RU: быстро. People today need to be flexibleflexible (adj)Able to change or adapt easily to new conditions.≈ Synonym: adaptable🇺🇿UZ: moslashuvchan🇷🇺RU: гибкий and ready to learn new things throughoutthroughout (prep)During the whole of a period of time.≈ Synonym: all through🇺🇿UZ: davomida🇷🇺RU: на протяжении their lives. While these changes bring challengeschallenge (noun)Difficult situations that test a person's ability.≈ Synonym: difficulties🇺🇿UZ: qiyinchiliklar🇷🇺RU: трудности, вызовы, they also offer new opportunitiesopportunity (noun)Chances to do something good or beneficial.≈ Synonym: chances🇺🇿UZ: imkoniyatlar🇷🇺RU: возможности for workers everywhere.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (70–100 words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | industrial revolution | sanoat inqilobi | промышленная революция | The industrial revolution began in Britain in the 1700s. |
| 2 | factorynoun | fabrikalar, zavodlar | фабрики | The new factory has created hundreds of jobs. |
| 3 | involveverb | o'z ichiga olmoq, talab qilmoq | включать, предполагать | My job involves a lot of travelling. |
| 4 | machinenoun | mashina, uskuna | машина, станок | This machine makes 500 bottles an hour. |
| 5 | tasknoun | vazifalar, topshiriqlar | задачи | My first task at work was to answer emails. |
| 6 | strictadjective | qat'iy | строгий | Our school has strict rules about phones. |
| 7 | full-timeadjective | to'liq ish kuni | полный рабочий день | She left university and got a full-time job. |
| 8 | long-termadjective | uzoq muddatli | долгосрочный | Learning a language is a long-term project. |
| 9 | servicenoun | xizmat sohasi | сфера услуг | The service in this restaurant is very fast. |
| 10 | rather thanpreposition | ...o'rniga | вместо, а не | I prefer tea rather than coffee. |
| 11 | includeverb | o'z ichiga olmoq | включать | The team includes three students from Andijan. |
| 12 | requireverb | talab qilmoq | требовать | This job requires good English. |
| 13 | communicateverb | muloqot qilmoq | общаться | We communicate with our cousins abroad by video call. |
| 14 | solve problemsphrase | muammolarni hal qilmoq | решать проблемы | Good managers know how to solve problems quickly. |
| 15 | technologynoun | texnologiya | технология | Technology is changing the way we learn. |
| 16 | devicenoun | qurilmalar | устройства | Please turn off all electronic devices. |
| 17 | fastadjective | tez(roq) | быстрый | The train is faster than the bus. |
| 18 | no longerphrase | endi ... emas | больше не | He no longer lives in Tashkent — he moved to Seoul. |
| 19 | commonadjective | keng tarqalgan, odatiy | обычный, распространённый | It's common for students to work part-time. |
| 20 | careernoun | kasblar, karyera | карьеры | She started her career as a teacher. |
| 21 | part-timeadjective | yarim stavka | неполный рабочий день | I have a part-time job at a café at weekends. |
| 22 | freelancernoun | frilanserlar, erkin ishchilar | фрилансеры | As a freelancer, he can choose his own hours. |
| 23 | short-term contractnoun | qisqa muddatli shartnomalar | краткосрочные контракты | She's working on a six-month short-term contract. |
| 24 | freedomnoun | erkinlik | свобода | Working from home gives me more freedom. |
| 25 | securitynoun | barqarorlik, xavfsizlik | безопасность, стабильность | A permanent job gives you financial security. |
| 26 | createverb | yaratmoq | создавать | The artist created a beautiful mural on the school wall. |
| 27 | existverb | mavjud bo'lmoq | существовать | Smartphones didn't exist thirty years ago. |
| 28 | web designnoun | veb-dizayn | веб-дизайн | My cousin learned web design online. |
| 29 | app developmentnoun | ilova yaratish | разработка приложений | App development is a popular career for young people. |
| 30 | social medianoun | ijtimoiy tarmoqlar | социальные сети | Teenagers spend hours on social media every day. |
| 31 | disappearverb | yo'qolib bormoq | исчезать | Many small shops have disappeared from the city centre. |
| 32 | cheaplyadverb | arzon narxda | дёшево | You can travel quite cheaply if you go by bus. |
| 33 | skillnoun | ko'nikmalar | навыки | Speaking in public is an important skill. |
| 34 | keep up withphrase | hamqadam bo'lmoq, ortda qolmaslik | идти в ногу с | It's hard to keep up with all the new technology. |
| 35 | in conclusionphrase | xulosa qilib aytganda | в заключение | In conclusion, sport is good for both body and mind. |
| 36 | quicklyadverb | tez | быстро | Prices are rising quickly. |
| 37 | flexibleadjective | moslashuvchan | гибкий | My working hours are flexible, so I can pick up my kids. |
| 38 | throughoutpreposition | davomida | на протяжении | It rained throughout the night. |
| 39 | challengenoun | qiyinchiliklar | трудности, вызовы | Moving to a new country is a big challenge. |
| 40 | opportunitynoun | imkoniyatlar | возможности | The internship was a great opportunity to learn. |