Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
As cities around the world continue to expandexpand (verb)To become larger.≈ Synonym: grow🇺🇿UZ: kengaymoq🇷🇺RU: расширяться, an unexpectedunexpected (adj)Not anticipated; surprising.≈ Synonym: surprising🇺🇿UZ: kutilmagan🇷🇺RU: неожиданный trend has begun to take roottake root (phrase)To become established.≈ Synonym: become established🇺🇿UZ: ildiz otmoq🇷🇺RU: укореняться within them: farming. Urban farmingurban farming (noun)The practice of growing food within a city.≈ Synonym: city agriculture🇺🇿UZ: shahar dehqonchiligi🇷🇺RU: городское фермерство refers to the practice of growing food within city boundariesboundary (noun)Lines marking the limits of an area.≈ Synonym: limits🇺🇿UZ: chegaralar🇷🇺RU: границы, using spaces such as rooftops, vacantvacant (adj)Not occupied or in use.≈ Synonym: empty🇺🇿UZ: bo'sh🇷🇺RU: пустующий lots, community gardens, and even convertedconvert (verb)Changed the form or use of something.≈ Synonym: transformed🇺🇿UZ: aylantirilgan🇷🇺RU: переоборудованный shipping containerscontainer (noun)Large boxes used for transporting goods, sometimes reused.≈ Synonym: boxes🇺🇿UZ: konteynerlar🇷🇺RU: контейнеры. Once seen as nicheniche (adj)Relating to a small, specialised area of interest.≈ Synonym: specialised🇺🇿UZ: tor doiradagi🇷🇺RU: нишевый or purely symbolicsymbolic (adj)Representing an idea rather than being practically significant.≈ Synonym: representative🇺🇿UZ: ramziy🇷🇺RU: символический, urban farming is increasingly viewed as a serious part of the solution to feeding growing city populations.
One major advantageadvantage (noun)A beneficial feature of something.≈ Synonym: benefit🇺🇿UZ: afzallik🇷🇺RU: преимущество of urban farming is proximityproximity (noun)Nearness in space or time.≈ Synonym: closeness🇺🇿UZ: yaqinlik🇷🇺RU: близость. Food grown within or near a city can reach consumers much more quickly than produce shippedship (verb)Transported goods, especially over distance.≈ Synonym: transported🇺🇿UZ: tashilgan🇷🇺RU: перевезённый from distant ruralrural (adj)Relating to the countryside.≈ Synonym: countryside-related🇺🇿UZ: qishloq🇷🇺RU: сельский areas, reducing both transporttransport (noun)The means of moving goods or people.≈ Synonym: transportation🇺🇿UZ: transport🇷🇺RU: транспорт costs and the emissions associated with long-distance food deliverydelivery (noun)The act of bringing goods to a destination.≈ Synonym: shipment🇺🇿UZ: yetkazib berish🇷🇺RU: доставка. This also means fruits and vegetables can be harvested closer to their peak ripeness, often resulting in fresher, more nutritiousnutritious (adj)Containing substances the body needs to be healthy.≈ Synonym: nourishing🇺🇿UZ: to'yimli🇷🇺RU: питательный produce.
Urban farming takes many different formsform (noun)Different types or varieties of something.≈ Synonym: types🇺🇿UZ: shakllar🇷🇺RU: формы. Some projects are small-scale community gardens run largely by volunteers, providing fresh produce and a shared green space for local residents. Others are highly technical operations, using methods such as hydroponicshydroponics (noun)Growing plants in water rather than soil.≈ Synonym: soil-free growing🇺🇿UZ: gidroponika🇷🇺RU: гидропоника — growing plants in nutrient-rich water without soil — or vertical farmingvertical farming (noun)Growing crops in stacked layers to save space.≈ Synonym: stacked crop growing🇺🇿UZ: vertikal dehqonchilik🇷🇺RU: вертикальное земледелие, which stacks growing layers on top of each other to maximise limited spacespace (noun)An amount of available area.≈ Synonym: room🇺🇿UZ: joy🇷🇺RU: пространство inside buildings.
Beyond food production itself, urban farms often provide wider socialsocial (adj)Relating to society and interaction with others.≈ Synonym: societal🇺🇿UZ: ijtimoiy🇷🇺RU: социальный and environmentalenvironmental (adj)Relating to the natural world.≈ Synonym: ecological🇺🇿UZ: ekologik🇷🇺RU: экологический benefits. They can transform unused or neglectedneglected (adj)Not given proper care or attention.≈ Synonym: abandoned🇺🇿UZ: tashlab qo'yilgan🇷🇺RU: заброшенный land into productive, attractive spaces, while also helping to cool surrounding areas, support local pollinatorspollinator (noun)Animals that carry pollen between flowers.≈ Synonym: pollinating insects🇺🇿UZ: changlatuvchilar🇷🇺RU: опылители, and improve air qualityquality (noun)The standard of something as measured against others.≈ Synonym: standard🇺🇿UZ: sifat🇷🇺RU: качество. Community garden projects in particular have been linked to stronger neighbourhood connections, since they give neighbours a shared reason to work and spend time together.
Despite these benefits, urban farming faces real limitationslimitation (noun)Restrictions on what something can achieve.≈ Synonym: constraints🇺🇿UZ: cheklovlar🇷🇺RU: ограничения. Land in cities is often expensiveexpensive (adj)Costing a lot of money.≈ Synonym: costly🇺🇿UZ: qimmat🇷🇺RU: дорогой and in high demand for housing or commercial development, and not every crop suits an urban environment. Water access, soil contaminationcontamination (noun)The presence of an unwanted, harmful substance.≈ Synonym: pollution🇺🇿UZ: ifloslanish🇷🇺RU: загрязнение from previous industrial use, and limited natural sunlight in dense areas can all present significant challenges. Even so, as cities search for ways to become more resilientresilient (adj)Able to recover quickly from difficulties.≈ Synonym: adaptable🇺🇿UZ: chidamli🇷🇺RU: устойчивый and self-sufficient, urban farming looks set to remain a growing part of how we think about feeding the world.