Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
As cities around the world continue to expandexpand (verb)To become larger.≈ Synonym: grow🇺🇿UZ: kengaymoq, o'smoq🇷🇺RU: расширяться, an unexpectedunexpected (adj)Not anticipated; surprising.≈ Synonym: surprising🇺🇿UZ: kutilmagan🇷🇺RU: неожиданный trend has begun to take roottake root (phrase)To become established.≈ Synonym: become established🇺🇿UZ: ildiz otmoq, o'rnashmoq🇷🇺RU: укореняться within them: farming. Urban farmingurban farming (noun)The practice of growing food within a city.≈ Synonym: city agriculture🇺🇿UZ: shahar dehqonchiligi🇷🇺RU: городское фермерство refers to the practice of growing food within city boundariesboundary (noun)Lines marking the limits of an area.≈ Synonym: limits🇺🇿UZ: chegara🇷🇺RU: граница, using spaces such as rooftops, vacantvacant (adj)Not occupied or in use.≈ Synonym: empty🇺🇿UZ: bo'sh, egasiz🇷🇺RU: пустующий, свободный lotslot (noun)An area of land, often empty.≈ Synonym: plot🇺🇿UZ: yer uchastkasi🇷🇺RU: участок (земли), community gardens, and even convertedconvert (verb)Changed the form or use of something.≈ Synonym: transformed🇺🇿UZ: aylantirmoq, qayta jihozlamoq🇷🇺RU: переоборудовать shipping containerscontainer (noun)Large boxes used for transporting goods, sometimes reused.≈ Synonym: boxes🇺🇿UZ: konteyner, idish🇷🇺RU: контейнер. Once seen as nicheniche (adj)Relating to a small, specialised area of interest.≈ Synonym: specialised🇺🇿UZ: tor doiradagi🇷🇺RU: нишевый, узкоспециальный or purely symbolicsymbolic (adj)Representing an idea rather than being practically significant.≈ Synonym: representative🇺🇿UZ: ramziy🇷🇺RU: символический, urban farming is increasingly viewed as a serious part of the solution to feeding growing city populations.
One major advantageadvantage (noun)A beneficial feature of something.≈ Synonym: benefit🇺🇿UZ: afzallik🇷🇺RU: преимущество of urban farming is proximityproximity (noun)Nearness in space or time.≈ Synonym: closeness🇺🇿UZ: yaqinlik🇷🇺RU: близость. Food grown within or near a city can reach consumers much more quickly than produce shippedship (verb)Transported goods, especially over distance.≈ Synonym: transported🇺🇿UZ: jo'natmoq, tashimoq🇷🇺RU: отправлять, перевозить from distant ruralrural (adj)Relating to the countryside.≈ Synonym: countryside-related🇺🇿UZ: qishloqqa oid🇷🇺RU: сельский areas, reducing both transporttransport (noun)The means of moving goods or people.≈ Synonym: transportation🇺🇿UZ: transport🇷🇺RU: транспорт costs and the emissions associated with long-distance food deliverydelivery (noun)The act of bringing goods to a destination.≈ Synonym: shipment🇺🇿UZ: yetkazib berish🇷🇺RU: доставка. This also means fruits and vegetables can be harvestedharvest (verb)To collect crops from the fields.≈ Synonym: gather🇺🇿UZ: hosil yig'moq🇷🇺RU: собирать урожай closer to their peakpeak (noun)The highest or best point.≈ Synonym: top🇺🇿UZ: cho'qqi, eng yuqori nuqta🇷🇺RU: пик ripenessripeness (noun)Being ready to eat (of fruit).🇺🇿UZ: pishganlik🇷🇺RU: спелость, often resulting in fresher, more nutritiousnutritious (adj)Containing substances the body needs to be healthy.≈ Synonym: nourishing🇺🇿UZ: to'yimli🇷🇺RU: питательный produce.
Urban farming takes many different formsform (noun)Different types or varieties of something.≈ Synonym: types🇺🇿UZ: shakl, ko'rinish🇷🇺RU: форма, вид. Some projects are small-scale community gardens run largely by volunteersvolunteer (noun)A person who works without pay to help others.🇺🇿UZ: ko'ngilli🇷🇺RU: волонтёр, providing fresh produce and a shared green space for local residents. Others are highly technical operations, using methods such as hydroponicshydroponics (noun)Growing plants in water rather than soil.≈ Synonym: soil-free growing🇺🇿UZ: gidroponika (tuproqsiz o'stirish)🇷🇺RU: гидропоника — growing plants in nutrient-rich water without soil — or vertical farmingvertical farming (noun)Growing crops in stacked layers to save space.≈ Synonym: stacked crop growing🇺🇿UZ: vertikal dehqonchilik🇷🇺RU: вертикальное земледелие, which stacksstack (verb)To put things one on top of another.≈ Synonym: pile🇺🇿UZ: taxlamoq, ustma-ust qo'ymoq🇷🇺RU: складывать стопкой growing layers on top of each other to maximisemaximise (verb)To make something as large as possible.≈ Synonym: increase🇺🇿UZ: maksimal darajaga yetkazmoq🇷🇺RU: максимально увеличивать limited spacespace (noun)An amount of available area.≈ Synonym: room🇺🇿UZ: joy, makon🇷🇺RU: место, пространство inside buildings.
Beyond food production itself, urban farms often provide wider socialsocial (adj)Relating to society and interaction with others.≈ Synonym: societal🇺🇿UZ: ijtimoiy🇷🇺RU: социальный and environmentalenvironmental (adj)Relating to the natural world.≈ Synonym: ecological🇺🇿UZ: ekologik🇷🇺RU: экологический benefits. They can transform unused or neglectedneglected (adj)Not given proper care or attention.≈ Synonym: abandoned🇺🇿UZ: qarovsiz, tashlab qo'yilgan🇷🇺RU: заброшенный land into productive, attractive spaces, while also helping to cool surrounding areas, support local pollinatorspollinator (noun)Animals that carry pollen between flowers.≈ Synonym: pollinating insects🇺🇿UZ: changlatuvchi🇷🇺RU: опылитель, and improve air qualityquality (noun)The standard of something as measured against others.≈ Synonym: standard🇺🇿UZ: sifat🇷🇺RU: качество. Community garden projects in particular have been linked to stronger neighbourhood connections, since they give neighbours a shared reason to work and spend time together.
Despite these benefits, urban farming faces real limitationslimitation (noun)Restrictions on what something can achieve.≈ Synonym: constraints🇺🇿UZ: cheklov🇷🇺RU: ограничение. Land in cities is often expensiveexpensive (adj)Costing a lot of money.≈ Synonym: costly🇺🇿UZ: qimmat🇷🇺RU: дорогой and in high demand for housing or commercialcommercial (adj)Connected with buying and selling.≈ Synonym: business🇺🇿UZ: tijoriy🇷🇺RU: коммерческий development, and not every crop suits an urban environment. Water access, soil contaminationcontamination (noun)The presence of an unwanted, harmful substance.≈ Synonym: pollution🇺🇿UZ: ifloslanish, zaharlanish🇷🇺RU: загрязнение from previous industrial use, and limited natural sunlight in densedense (adj)Having many people or things close together.≈ Synonym: crowded🇺🇿UZ: zich🇷🇺RU: плотный, густой areas can all present significant challenges. Even so, as cities search for ways to become more resilientresilient (adj)Able to recover quickly from difficulties.≈ Synonym: adaptable🇺🇿UZ: chidamli, tez tiklanadigan🇷🇺RU: устойчивый, жизнестойкий and self-sufficientself-sufficient (adj)Able to provide everything you need yourself.≈ Synonym: independent🇺🇿UZ: o'zini o'zi ta'minlaydigan🇷🇺RU: самодостаточный, urban farming looks set to remain a growing part of how we think about feeding the world.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (90–120+ words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | expandverb | kengaymoq, o'smoq | расширяться | The company plans to expand into Kazakhstan. |
| 2 | unexpectedadjective | kutilmagan | неожиданный | We had unexpected guests last night. |
| 3 | take rootphrase | ildiz otmoq, o'rnashmoq | укореняться | The idea of recycling has finally taken root. |
| 4 | urban farmingnoun | shahar dehqonchiligi | городское фермерство | Urban farming is becoming popular in big cities. |
| 5 | boundarynoun | chegara | граница | The river marks the boundary of the city. |
| 6 | vacantadjective | bo'sh, egasiz | пустующий, свободный | There's a vacant seat next to me. |
| 7 | lotnoun | yer uchastkasi | участок (земли) | They built a playground on the empty lot. |
| 8 | convertverb | aylantirmoq, qayta jihozlamoq | переоборудовать | They converted the old factory into flats. |
| 9 | containernoun | konteyner, idish | контейнер | Keep the food in an airtight container. |
| 10 | nicheadjective | tor doiradagi | нишевый, узкоспециальный | It's a niche market for a small group of buyers. |
| 11 | symbolicadjective | ramziy | символический | The gift was small but symbolic. |
| 12 | advantagenoun | afzallik | преимущество | Being tall is an advantage in basketball. |
| 13 | proximitynoun | yaqinlik | близость | The hotel's proximity to the beach makes it popular. |
| 14 | shipverb | jo'natmoq, tashimoq | отправлять, перевозить | The fruit is shipped to Russia by train. |
| 15 | ruraladjective | qishloqqa oid | сельский | Life in rural areas is quieter. |
| 16 | transportnoun | transport | транспорт | Transport costs make food more expensive. |
| 17 | deliverynoun | yetkazib berish | доставка | Free delivery on orders over 200,000 sum. |
| 18 | harvestverb | hosil yig'moq | собирать урожай | Cotton is harvested in September. |
| 19 | peaknoun | cho'qqi, eng yuqori nuqta | пик | Summer is the peak season for tourism. |
| 20 | ripenessnoun | pishganlik | спелость | Check the ripeness of the melon by smelling it. |
| 21 | nutritiousadjective | to'yimli | питательный | Fresh vegetables are nutritious and cheap. |
| 22 | formnoun | shakl, ko'rinish | форма, вид | Exercise can take many forms, from dancing to swimming. |
| 23 | volunteernoun | ko'ngilli | волонтёр | Volunteers cleaned the park on Saturday. |
| 24 | hydroponicsnoun | gidroponika (tuproqsiz o'stirish) | гидропоника | These tomatoes are grown using hydroponics. |
| 25 | vertical farmingnoun | vertikal dehqonchilik | вертикальное земледелие | Vertical farming uses very little land. |
| 26 | stackverb | taxlamoq, ustma-ust qo'ymoq | складывать стопкой | She stacked the plates in the cupboard. |
| 27 | maximiseverb | maksimal darajaga yetkazmoq | максимально увеличивать | We need to maximise our profits. |
| 28 | spacenoun | joy, makon | место, пространство | There isn't enough space in the car for all our bags. |
| 29 | socialadjective | ijtimoiy | социальный | Volunteering has many social benefits. |
| 30 | environmentaladjective | ekologik | экологический | Plastic waste is an environmental disaster. |
| 31 | neglectedadjective | qarovsiz, tashlab qo'yilgan | заброшенный | The neglected garden was full of weeds. |
| 32 | pollinatornoun | changlatuvchi | опылитель | Bees and butterflies are pollinators. |
| 33 | qualitynoun | sifat | качество | Trees improve air quality in cities. |
| 34 | limitationnoun | cheklov | ограничение | Every plan has its limitations. |
| 35 | expensiveadjective | qimmat | дорогой | Flats in the city centre are very expensive. |
| 36 | commercialadjective | tijoriy | коммерческий | The ground floor is used for commercial purposes. |
| 37 | contaminationnoun | ifloslanish, zaharlanish | загрязнение | The water was tested for contamination. |
| 38 | denseadjective | zich | плотный, густой | The forest is very dense. |
| 39 | resilientadjective | chidamli, tez tiklanadigan | устойчивый, жизнестойкий | Children are often more resilient than adults. |
| 40 | self-sufficientadjective | o'zini o'zi ta'minlaydigan | самодостаточный | The village is almost self-sufficient in food. |