Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
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A placeboplacebo (noun)A treatment with no active medical ingredient.≈ Synonym: dummy treatment🇺🇿UZ: platsebo🇷🇺RU: плацебо is a treatment with no active medicalmedical (adj)Relating to the treatment of illness.≈ Synonym: clinical🇺🇿UZ: tibbiy🇷🇺RU: медицинский ingredient — often nothing more than a sugar pillsugar pill (noun)A pill with no active medical ingredient.≈ Synonym: dummy pill🇺🇿UZ: shakar tabletka🇷🇺RU: таблетка-пустышка or a salinesaline (adj)Containing salt, especially in a solution.≈ Synonym: salt-based🇺🇿UZ: tuzli (fiziologik eritma)🇷🇺RU: солевой, физиологический (раствор) injectioninjection (noun)Putting medicine into the body with a needle.≈ Synonym: shot🇺🇿UZ: ukol, in'ektsiya🇷🇺RU: укол, инъекция. Yet in study after study, patients given a placebo sometimes report genuine improvementsimprovement (noun)Changes that make something better.≈ Synonym: progress🇺🇿UZ: yaxshilanish🇷🇺RU: улучшение in their symptoms, simply because they believebelieve (verb)To accept something as true.≈ Synonym: trust🇺🇿UZ: ishonmoq🇷🇺RU: верить they are receiving real treatment. This surprisingsurprising (adj)Causing a feeling of mild astonishment.≈ Synonym: unexpected🇺🇿UZ: ajablanarli🇷🇺RU: удивительный phenomenonphenomenon (noun)Something that happens and can be studied.≈ Synonym: event🇺🇿UZ: hodisa🇷🇺RU: явление, феномен, known as the placebo effecteffect (noun)A change caused by an event or action.≈ Synonym: impact🇺🇿UZ: ta'sir🇷🇺RU: эффект, revealsreveal (verb)To show something that was hidden.≈ Synonym: show🇺🇿UZ: ochib bermoq🇷🇺RU: раскрывать, показывать just how powerfully the mind can influence the body.
The placebo effect is not simply a matter of patients imaginingimagine (verb)Forming a picture of something in the mind.≈ Synonym: picturing🇺🇿UZ: tasavvur qilmoq, xayol qilmoq🇷🇺RU: воображать, представлять they feel better. Brain-imaging studies have shown that placebos can trigger measurablemeasurable (adj)Big enough to be measured.≈ Synonym: noticeable🇺🇿UZ: o'lchanadigan🇷🇺RU: измеримый physicalphysical (adj)Relating to the body, not the mind.≈ Synonym: bodily🇺🇿UZ: jismoniy🇷🇺RU: физический changes, including the release of natural painkillerspainkiller (noun)Substances that reduce pain.≈ Synonym: pain relievers🇺🇿UZ: og'riq qoldiruvchi dori🇷🇺RU: обезболивающее called endorphinsendorphin (noun)Chemicals produced by the body that reduce pain and boost mood.≈ Synonym: mood chemicals🇺🇿UZ: endorfin (baxt gormoni)🇷🇺RU: эндорфин. In some cases, placebo treatments have been shown to produce genuinegenuine (adj)Real and authentic.≈ Synonym: real🇺🇿UZ: haqiqiy, chin🇷🇺RU: настоящий, подлинный improvements in conditions such as pain, nauseanausea (noun)A feeling of sickness with an urge to vomit.≈ Synonym: sickness🇺🇿UZ: ko'ngil aynishi🇷🇺RU: тошнота, and even symptoms of depressiondepression (noun)A mental health condition causing persistent sadness.≈ Synonym: clinical sadness🇺🇿UZ: depressiya🇷🇺RU: депрессия, at least for a period of time.
Expectationexpectation (noun)A strong belief that something will happen.≈ Synonym: anticipation🇺🇿UZ: kutish, umid🇷🇺RU: ожидание appears to play a central role. If a patient strongly expectsexpect (verb)Believes something will happen.≈ Synonym: anticipates🇺🇿UZ: kutmoq🇷🇺RU: ожидать a treatment to work, this belief alone can trigger real biologicalbiological (adj)Connected with living things.🇺🇿UZ: biologik🇷🇺RU: биологический responsesresponse (noun)Reactions to a stimulus.≈ Synonym: reactions🇺🇿UZ: javob, reaksiya🇷🇺RU: реакция, ответ. Interestingly, research suggests that factors such as the colour of a pill, the confidence of the doctor prescribingprescribe (verb)To tell a patient which medicine to take.🇺🇿UZ: (dori) yozib bermoq🇷🇺RU: назначать, выписывать (лекарство) it, or even the price of the treatment can all influence how strong the placebo effect turns out to be, even though none of these things change the treatment's actual contentcontent (noun)The substance or ingredients contained within something.≈ Synonym: composition🇺🇿UZ: tarkib🇷🇺RU: состав, содержимое.
Because of this powerful effect, researchersresearcher (noun)People who carry out academic study.≈ Synonym: scientists🇺🇿UZ: tadqiqotchi🇷🇺RU: исследователь testing new medicines must compare them against a placebo in controlledcontrolled (adj)Carried out under carefully regulated conditions.≈ Synonym: regulated🇺🇿UZ: nazorat ostidagi🇷🇺RU: контролируемый trialstrial (noun)A test of a new medicine or product.≈ Synonym: test🇺🇿UZ: sinov🇷🇺RU: испытание. If a new drug fails to perform meaningfullymeaningfully (adv)In an important or noticeable way.≈ Synonym: significantly🇺🇿UZ: sezilarli darajada🇷🇺RU: значимо, существенно better than a placebo, it suggests the drug itself may not be genuinely effectiveeffective (adj)Producing the intended result.≈ Synonym: successful🇺🇿UZ: samarali🇷🇺RU: эффективный. This method, known as a placebo-controlledplacebo-controlled (adj)Involving comparison against a placebo.≈ Synonym: compared with a dummy treatment🇺🇿UZ: platsebo bilan nazorat qilinadigan🇷🇺RU: плацебо-контролируемый trial, remains one of the most important tools in modern medical researchresearch (noun)Careful study to discover new facts.≈ Synonym: investigation🇺🇿UZ: tadqiqot🇷🇺RU: исследование.
The placebo effect also raises interesting ethicalethical (adj)Connected with what is morally right.≈ Synonym: moral🇺🇿UZ: axloqiy🇷🇺RU: этический questionsquestion (noun)Matters requiring discussion or investigation.≈ Synonym: issues🇺🇿UZ: savol, masala🇷🇺RU: вопрос. Some researchers have explored whether placebos could be used openlyopenly (adverb)Without secrecy or concealment.≈ Synonym: candidly🇺🇿UZ: ochiqchasiga🇷🇺RU: открыто — where patients know they are receiving a placebo but are told it may still help, an approach known as an "open-labelopen-label (adj)Describing a study where participants know what they're given.≈ Synonym: unblinded🇺🇿UZ: ochiq (bemor nima olayotganini biladigan)🇷🇺RU: открытый (о клиническом испытании) placebo." Surprisingly, some studies suggest this method can still produce real benefitsbenefit (noun)Advantages gained from something.≈ Synonym: advantages🇺🇿UZ: foyda🇷🇺RU: польза, hintinghint (verb)To suggest something indirectly.≈ Synonym: suggest🇺🇿UZ: ishora qilmoq🇷🇺RU: намекать that the relationship between mind and body may be even more complexcomplex (adj)Made up of many interconnected parts; not simple.≈ Synonym: complicated🇺🇿UZ: murakkab🇷🇺RU: сложный than previouslypreviously (adv)Before; earlier.≈ Synonym: earlier🇺🇿UZ: ilgari, avval🇷🇺RU: ранее understood.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (90–120+ words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | placebonoun | platsebo | плацебо | Half the patients were given a placebo. |
| 2 | medicaladjective | tibbiy | медицинский | She's studying to get a medical degree. |
| 3 | sugar pillnoun | shakar tabletka | таблетка-пустышка | The 'medicine' was only a sugar pill. |
| 4 | salineadjective | tuzli (fiziologik eritma) | солевой, физиологический (раствор) | The nurse gave him a saline drip. |
| 5 | injectionnoun | ukol, in'ektsiya | укол, инъекция | The nurse gave me an injection in my arm. |
| 6 | improvementnoun | yaxshilanish | улучшение | There's been a big improvement in her health. |
| 7 | believeverb | ishonmoq | верить | I believe that hard work pays off. |
| 8 | surprisingadjective | ajablanarli | удивительный | The results were surprising. |
| 9 | phenomenonnoun | hodisa | явление, феномен | Northern lights are a natural phenomenon. |
| 10 | effectnoun | ta'sir | эффект | Coffee has a strong effect on me. |
| 11 | revealverb | ochib bermoq | раскрывать, показывать | The study reveals how stress affects sleep. |
| 12 | imagineverb | tasavvur qilmoq, xayol qilmoq | воображать, представлять | You're imagining things — nobody is there. |
| 13 | measurableadjective | o'lchanadigan | измеримый | The new method gave measurable results. |
| 14 | physicaladjective | jismoniy | физический | Running is good for your physical health. |
| 15 | painkillernoun | og'riq qoldiruvchi dori | обезболивающее | Take a painkiller if your head hurts. |
| 16 | endorphinnoun | endorfin (baxt gormoni) | эндорфин | Laughing releases endorphins. |
| 17 | genuineadjective | haqiqiy, chin | настоящий, подлинный | Is this a genuine leather bag? |
| 18 | nauseanoun | ko'ngil aynishi | тошнота | Some people feel nausea on long bus journeys. |
| 19 | depressionnoun | depressiya | депрессия | Depression can affect anyone. |
| 20 | expectationnoun | kutish, umid | ожидание | The film didn't meet my expectations. |
| 21 | expectverb | kutmoq | ожидать | I expect to finish the work by Friday. |
| 22 | biologicaladjective | biologik | биологический | Sleep is a biological need. |
| 23 | responsenoun | javob, reaksiya | реакция, ответ | Fear is a natural response to danger. |
| 24 | prescribeverb | (dori) yozib bermoq | назначать, выписывать (лекарство) | The doctor prescribed antibiotics. |
| 25 | contentnoun | tarkib | состав, содержимое | Check the sugar content on the label. |
| 26 | researchernoun | tadqiqotchi | исследователь | Researchers tested the drug on 500 people. |
| 27 | controlledadjective | nazorat ostidagi | контролируемый | The test was done in controlled conditions. |
| 28 | trialnoun | sinov | испытание | The vaccine is in clinical trials. |
| 29 | meaningfullyadverb | sezilarli darajada | значимо, существенно | The new law hasn't meaningfully changed anything. |
| 30 | effectiveadjective | samarali | эффективный | This cream is very effective. |
| 31 | placebo-controlledadjective | platsebo bilan nazorat qilinadigan | плацебо-контролируемый | The drug was tested in a placebo-controlled study. |
| 32 | researchnoun | tadqiqot | исследование | More research is needed. |
| 33 | ethicaladjective | axloqiy | этический | Doctors face difficult ethical decisions. |
| 34 | questionnoun | savol, masala | вопрос | The plan raises some serious questions. |
| 35 | openlyadverb | ochiqchasiga | открыто | She spoke openly about her illness. |
| 36 | open-labeladjective | ochiq (bemor nima olayotganini biladigan) | открытый (о клиническом испытании) | In an open-label study, patients know what they are taking. |
| 37 | benefitnoun | foyda | польза | Yoga has many health benefits. |
| 38 | hintverb | ishora qilmoq | намекать | She hinted that she wanted a new phone for her birthday. |
| 39 | complexadjective | murakkab | сложный | The human brain is very complex. |
| 40 | previouslyadverb | ilgari, avval | ранее | I had previously worked as a teacher. |