Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Electric vehicleselectric vehicle (noun)A vehicle powered by electricity rather than fuel.≈ Synonym: EV🇺🇿UZ: elektromobil🇷🇺RU: электромобиль, or EVs, may seem like a distinctlydistinctly (adverb)Clearly and definitely.≈ Synonym: clearly🇺🇿UZ: aniq ravishda🇷🇺RU: явно modernmodern (adj)Relating to the present or recent times.≈ Synonym: contemporary🇺🇿UZ: zamonaviy🇷🇺RU: современный invention, but early electricelectric (adj)Powered by electricity.≈ Synonym: battery-powered🇺🇿UZ: elektr🇷🇺RU: электрический cars actually existed alongsidealongside (preposition)Next to or together with.≈ Synonym: together with🇺🇿UZ: yonma-yon🇷🇺RU: наряду с the first petrolpetrol (noun)A liquid fuel used to power most vehicle engines.≈ Synonym: gasoline🇺🇿UZ: benzin🇷🇺RU: бензин-powered vehicles in the late 19th century. For a brief periodperiod (noun)A length of time.≈ Synonym: span of time🇺🇿UZ: davr🇷🇺RU: период, electric cars were even more popularpopular (adj)Liked or used by many people.≈ Synonym: widespread🇺🇿UZ: ommabop🇷🇺RU: популярный than petrol ones, prizedprized (adj)Greatly valued.≈ Synonym: valued🇺🇿UZ: qadrlangan🇷🇺RU: ценимый for being quiet and easy to operateoperate (verb)To control or work a machine.≈ Synonym: run🇺🇿UZ: boshqarmoq🇷🇺RU: управлять. However, the mass productionproduction (noun)The process of manufacturing goods.≈ Synonym: manufacturing🇺🇿UZ: ishlab chiqarish🇷🇺RU: производство of affordableaffordable (adj)Not too expensive; reasonably priced.≈ Synonym: inexpensive🇺🇿UZ: hamyonbop🇷🇺RU: доступный по цене petrol cars, combined with limited batterybattery (noun)A device that stores and provides electrical power.≈ Synonym: power cell🇺🇿UZ: batareya🇷🇺RU: аккумулятор technology at the time, pushed electric vehicles almost entirely out of the market for most of the 20th century.
In recent decades, growing concern about climate changeclimate change (noun)Long-term changes in Earth's climate patterns.≈ Synonym: global warming🇺🇿UZ: iqlim o'zgarishi🇷🇺RU: изменение климата and air pollutionpollution (noun)The presence of harmful substances in the environment.≈ Synonym: contamination🇺🇿UZ: ifloslanish🇷🇺RU: загрязнение has brought electric vehicles firmly back into focus. Unlike traditional cars, EVs produce no directdirect (adj)Coming straight from a source, without intermediaries.≈ Synonym: immediate🇺🇿UZ: bevosita🇷🇺RU: прямой emissionsemission (noun)Substances released into the air, especially pollutants.≈ Synonym: output of gases🇺🇿UZ: chiqindilar (gaz)🇷🇺RU: выбросы from their exhaust, since they run on electricity stored in rechargeablerechargeable (adj)Able to be filled with electrical energy again.≈ Synonym: reusable (battery)🇺🇿UZ: qayta zaryadlanadigan🇷🇺RU: перезаряжаемый batteries rather than burning fuel. This makes them an attractive option for reducing greenhouse gasgreenhouse gas (noun)A gas that traps heat in Earth's atmosphere.≈ Synonym: warming gas🇺🇿UZ: issiqxona gazi🇷🇺RU: парниковый газ emissions from transport, one of the largest contributors to global carbon output.
The biggest technological breakthroughbreakthrough (noun)An important discovery or development.≈ Synonym: advance🇺🇿UZ: yutuq🇷🇺RU: прорыв behind the modern EV boom has been the development of more powerful, longer-lasting lithium-ionlithium-ion (adj)Relating to a type of rechargeable battery.≈ Synonym: Li-ion🇺🇿UZ: lityum-ion🇷🇺RU: литий-ионный batteries. These advances have significantly extended how far electric vehicles can travel on a single charge, while also gradually reducing production costs. At the same time, governments in many countries have introduced financial incentivesincentive (noun)Things that encourage a particular action.≈ Synonym: encouragements🇺🇿UZ: rag'batlar🇷🇺RU: стимулы and stricter emissions regulations to encourage both manufacturers and consumers to shift toward electric vehicles.
Despite this progress, EVs still face real obstaclesobstacle (noun)Things that block progress.≈ Synonym: barriers🇺🇿UZ: to'siqlar🇷🇺RU: препятствия to widespread adoption. Charging infrastructureinfrastructure (noun)The basic physical systems of a place, e.g. roads or power.≈ Synonym: facilities🇺🇿UZ: infratuzilma🇷🇺RU: инфраструктура remains limited or inconsistent in many regions, and charging an EV still generally takes far longer than filling a petrol tank. The upfrontupfront (adj)Paid or required at the beginning.≈ Synonym: initial🇺🇿UZ: boshlang'ich🇷🇺RU: первоначальный cost of electric vehicles also tends to be higher than comparable petrol cars, although this gap has been narrowing as battery prices continue to fall.
There are also broader environmental questions worth consideringconsider (verb)Thinking carefully about something.≈ Synonym: thinking about🇺🇿UZ: ko'rib chiqish🇷🇺RU: рассмотрение. Producing EV batteries requires mining materials such as lithiumlithium (noun)A light metal used in rechargeable batteries.≈ Synonym: battery metal🇺🇿UZ: litiy🇷🇺RU: литий and cobalt, processes that carry their own environmental and ethicalethical (adj)Relating to moral principles.≈ Synonym: moral🇺🇿UZ: axloqiy🇷🇺RU: этический concerns. Additionally, an electric vehicle is only as clean as the electricity used to charge it — in regions where electricity still comes largely from coal, the overall environmentalenvironmental (adj)Relating to the natural world.≈ Synonym: ecological🇺🇿UZ: ekologik🇷🇺RU: экологический benefit is smaller. Even so, most experts agree that electric vehicles represent an important step toward a more sustainable transport futurefuture (noun)The time that is to come.≈ Synonym: time ahead🇺🇿UZ: kelajak🇷🇺RU: будущее.