Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Electric vehicleselectric vehicle (noun)A vehicle powered by electricity rather than fuel.≈ Synonym: EV🇺🇿UZ: elektromobil🇷🇺RU: электромобиль, or EVs, may seem like a distinctlydistinctly (adverb)Clearly and definitely.≈ Synonym: clearly🇺🇿UZ: aniq-ravshan🇷🇺RU: явно, отчётливо modernmodern (adj)Relating to the present or recent times.≈ Synonym: contemporary🇺🇿UZ: zamonaviy🇷🇺RU: современный invention, but early electricelectric (adj)Powered by electricity.≈ Synonym: battery-powered🇺🇿UZ: elektr🇷🇺RU: электрический cars actually existed alongsidealongside (preposition)Next to or together with.≈ Synonym: together with🇺🇿UZ: ...bilan birga, yonma-yon🇷🇺RU: наряду с, рядом с the first petrolpetrol (noun)A liquid fuel used to power most vehicle engines.≈ Synonym: gasoline🇺🇿UZ: benzin🇷🇺RU: бензин-powered vehicles in the late 19th century. For a brief periodperiod (noun)A length of time.≈ Synonym: span of time🇺🇿UZ: davr🇷🇺RU: период, electric cars were even more popularpopular (adj)Liked or used by many people.≈ Synonym: widespread🇺🇿UZ: ommabop🇷🇺RU: популярный than petrol ones, prizedprized (adj)Greatly valued.≈ Synonym: valued🇺🇿UZ: qadrlangan🇷🇺RU: ценимый for being quiet and easy to operateoperate (verb)To control or work a machine.≈ Synonym: run🇺🇿UZ: boshqarmoq, ishlatmoq🇷🇺RU: управлять, эксплуатировать. However, the mass productionproduction (noun)The process of manufacturing goods.≈ Synonym: manufacturing🇺🇿UZ: ishlab chiqarish🇷🇺RU: производство of affordableaffordable (adj)Not too expensive; reasonably priced.≈ Synonym: inexpensive🇺🇿UZ: hamyonbop🇷🇺RU: доступный по цене petrol cars, combined with limited batterybattery (noun)A device that stores and provides electrical power.≈ Synonym: power cell🇺🇿UZ: batareya🇷🇺RU: аккумулятор technology at the time, pushed electric vehicles almost entirely out of the market for most of the 20th century.
In recent decades, growing concern about climate changeclimate change (noun)Long-term changes in Earth's climate patterns.≈ Synonym: global warming🇺🇿UZ: iqlim o'zgarishi🇷🇺RU: изменение климата and air pollutionpollution (noun)The presence of harmful substances in the environment.≈ Synonym: contamination🇺🇿UZ: ifloslanish🇷🇺RU: загрязнение has brought electric vehicles firmly back into focus. Unlike traditional cars, EVs produce no directdirect (adj)Coming straight from a source, without intermediaries.≈ Synonym: immediate🇺🇿UZ: bevosita, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri🇷🇺RU: прямой emissionsemission (noun)Substances released into the air, especially pollutants.≈ Synonym: output of gases🇺🇿UZ: chiqindi gaz🇷🇺RU: выброс from their exhaustexhaust (noun)Waste gas from a car engine.≈ Synonym: fumes🇺🇿UZ: chiqindi gaz (dvigateldan)🇷🇺RU: выхлоп, since they run on electricity stored in rechargeablerechargeable (adj)Able to be filled with electrical energy again.≈ Synonym: reusable (battery)🇺🇿UZ: qayta zaryadlanadigan🇷🇺RU: перезаряжаемый batteries rather than burning fuel. This makes them an attractiveattractive (adj)Interesting or appealing.≈ Synonym: appealing🇺🇿UZ: jozibali🇷🇺RU: привлекательный option for reducing greenhouse gasgreenhouse gas (noun)A gas that traps heat in Earth's atmosphere.≈ Synonym: warming gas🇺🇿UZ: issiqxona gazi🇷🇺RU: парниковый газ emissions from transport, one of the largest contributorscontributor (noun)Something that helps cause a result.≈ Synonym: cause🇺🇿UZ: sabab bo'luvchi omil🇷🇺RU: фактор, источник to global carbon output.
The biggest technological breakthroughbreakthrough (noun)An important discovery or development.≈ Synonym: advance🇺🇿UZ: katta yutuq🇷🇺RU: прорыв behind the modern EV boomboom (noun)A sudden increase in activity or popularity.≈ Synonym: surge🇺🇿UZ: keskin o'sish, bum🇷🇺RU: бум has been the development of more powerful, longer-lasting lithium-ionlithium-ion (adj)Relating to a type of rechargeable battery.≈ Synonym: Li-ion🇺🇿UZ: litiy-ionli🇷🇺RU: литий-ионный batteries. These advances have significantly extendedextend (verb)To make something longer or larger.≈ Synonym: lengthen🇺🇿UZ: uzaytirmoq🇷🇺RU: продлевать, увеличивать how far electric vehicles can travel on a single chargecharge (noun)The electricity stored in a battery.🇺🇿UZ: zaryad🇷🇺RU: заряд, while also gradually reducing production costs. At the same time, governments in many countries have introduced financial incentivesincentive (noun)Things that encourage a particular action.≈ Synonym: encouragements🇺🇿UZ: rag'bat, imtiyoz🇷🇺RU: стимул and stricterstrict (adj)Demanding that rules are obeyed.≈ Synonym: tough🇺🇿UZ: qattiq, qat'iy🇷🇺RU: строгий emissions regulationsregulation (noun)An official rule.≈ Synonym: rule🇺🇿UZ: qoida, me'yor🇷🇺RU: правило, норматив to encourage both manufacturers and consumers to shift toward electric vehicles.
Despite this progress, EVs still face real obstaclesobstacle (noun)Things that block progress.≈ Synonym: barriers🇺🇿UZ: to'siq🇷🇺RU: препятствие to widespread adoptionadoption (noun)The act of starting to use something.≈ Synonym: uptake🇺🇿UZ: qabul qilinishi, joriy etilishi🇷🇺RU: принятие, внедрение. Charging infrastructureinfrastructure (noun)The basic physical systems of a place, e.g. roads or power.≈ Synonym: facilities🇺🇿UZ: infratuzilma🇷🇺RU: инфраструктура remains limited or inconsistent in many regions, and charging an EV still generally takes far longer than filling a petrol tank. The upfrontupfront (adj)Paid or required at the beginning.≈ Synonym: initial🇺🇿UZ: oldindan to'lanadigan, boshlang'ich🇷🇺RU: первоначальный, предварительный cost of electric vehicles also tends to be higher than comparable petrol cars, although this gap has been narrowingnarrow (verb)To become smaller or less wide.≈ Synonym: shrink🇺🇿UZ: torayib bormoq, kamaymoq🇷🇺RU: сужаться, сокращаться as battery prices continue to fall.
There are also broader environmental questions worth consideringconsider (verb)Thinking carefully about something.≈ Synonym: thinking about🇺🇿UZ: o'ylab ko'rmoq🇷🇺RU: рассматривать, обдумывать. Producing EV batteries requires mining materials such as lithiumlithium (noun)A light metal used in rechargeable batteries.≈ Synonym: battery metal🇺🇿UZ: litiy🇷🇺RU: литий and cobalt, processes that carry their own environmental and ethicalethical (adj)Relating to moral principles.≈ Synonym: moral🇺🇿UZ: axloqiy🇷🇺RU: этический concerns. Additionally, an electric vehicle is only as clean as the electricity used to charge it — in regions where electricity still comes largely from coal, the overall environmentalenvironmental (adj)Relating to the natural world.≈ Synonym: ecological🇺🇿UZ: ekologik🇷🇺RU: экологический benefit is smaller. Even so, most experts agree that electric vehicles represent an important step toward a more sustainable transport futurefuture (noun)The time that is to come.≈ Synonym: time ahead🇺🇿UZ: kelajak🇷🇺RU: будущее.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (90–120+ words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | electric vehiclenoun | elektromobil | электромобиль | More and more electric vehicles can be seen in Tashkent. |
| 2 | distinctlyadverb | aniq-ravshan | явно, отчётливо | I distinctly remember locking the door. |
| 3 | modernadjective | zamonaviy | современный | The hotel has a modern design. |
| 4 | electricadjective | elektr | электрический | My grandfather bought an electric bike. |
| 5 | alongsidepreposition | ...bilan birga, yonma-yon | наряду с, рядом с | Old buildings stand alongside new skyscrapers. |
| 6 | petrolnoun | benzin | бензин | Petrol prices went up again. |
| 7 | periodnoun | davr | период | It was a difficult period in my life. |
| 8 | popularadjective | ommabop | популярный | Football is the most popular sport here. |
| 9 | prizedadjective | qadrlangan | ценимый | Samarkand bread is prized for its taste. |
| 10 | operateverb | boshqarmoq, ishlatmoq | управлять, эксплуатировать | Can you operate this machine? |
| 11 | productionnoun | ishlab chiqarish | производство | Car production fell last year. |
| 12 | affordableadjective | hamyonbop | доступный по цене | We need more affordable housing. |
| 13 | batterynoun | batareya | аккумулятор | My phone battery is almost dead. |
| 14 | climate changenoun | iqlim o'zgarishi | изменение климата | Climate change affects everyone. |
| 15 | pollutionnoun | ifloslanish | загрязнение | Pollution from cars is a big problem in winter. |
| 16 | directadjective | bevosita, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri | прямой | Smoking has a direct effect on your lungs. |
| 17 | emissionnoun | chiqindi gaz | выброс | Factories must cut their emissions. |
| 18 | exhaustnoun | chiqindi gaz (dvigateldan) | выхлоп | Car exhaust makes the air dirty. |
| 19 | rechargeableadjective | qayta zaryadlanadigan | перезаряжаемый | I use rechargeable batteries in my camera. |
| 20 | attractiveadjective | jozibali | привлекательный | The job offer was very attractive. |
| 21 | greenhouse gasnoun | issiqxona gazi | парниковый газ | Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. |
| 22 | contributornoun | sabab bo'luvchi omil | фактор, источник | Cars are a major contributor to air pollution. |
| 23 | breakthroughnoun | katta yutuq | прорыв | Scientists made a breakthrough in cancer research. |
| 24 | boomnoun | keskin o'sish, bum | бум | There's a boom in online shopping. |
| 25 | lithium-ionadjective | litiy-ionli | литий-ионный | Phones use lithium-ion batteries. |
| 26 | extendverb | uzaytirmoq | продлевать, увеличивать | They extended the deadline by a week. |
| 27 | chargenoun | zaryad | заряд | My phone lasts two days on one charge. |
| 28 | incentivenoun | rag'bat, imtiyoz | стимул | The government offers tax incentives for solar panels. |
| 29 | strictadjective | qattiq, qat'iy | строгий | The school has strict rules about phones. |
| 30 | regulationnoun | qoida, me'yor | правило, норматив | New safety regulations were introduced. |
| 31 | obstaclenoun | to'siq | препятствие | Language can be an obstacle when you move abroad. |
| 32 | adoptionnoun | qabul qilinishi, joriy etilishi | принятие, внедрение | The adoption of online banking has been fast. |
| 33 | infrastructurenoun | infratuzilma | инфраструктура | The country is investing in infrastructure like roads and railways. |
| 34 | upfrontadjective | oldindan to'lanadigan, boshlang'ich | первоначальный, предварительный | There's an upfront fee of $50. |
| 35 | narrowverb | torayib bormoq, kamaymoq | сужаться, сокращаться | The gap between rich and poor is narrowing. |
| 36 | considerverb | o'ylab ko'rmoq | рассматривать, обдумывать | I'm considering studying abroad. |
| 37 | lithiumnoun | litiy | литий | Lithium is used to make batteries. |
| 38 | ethicaladjective | axloqiy | этический | There are ethical questions about using AI in schools. |
| 39 | environmentaladjective | ekologik | экологический | Plastic is a serious environmental problem. |
| 40 | futurenoun | kelajak | будущее | No one knows what the future will bring. |