Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
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A food allergyallergy (noun)A harmful immune reaction to a normally harmless substance.≈ Synonym: hypersensitivity🇺🇿UZ: allergiya🇷🇺RU: аллергия occursoccur (verb)Happens or takes place.≈ Synonym: happens🇺🇿UZ: sodir bo'ladi🇷🇺RU: происходит when the body's immune systemimmune system (noun)The body's defence system against disease.≈ Synonym: body's defences🇺🇿UZ: immunitet tizimi🇷🇺RU: иммунная система mistakenlymistakenly (adverb)In a way that is incorrect due to an error.≈ Synonym: incorrectly🇺🇿UZ: xato ravishda🇷🇺RU: ошибочно identifies a harmlessharmless (adj)Not able to cause damage or injury.≈ Synonym: safe🇺🇿UZ: zararsiz🇷🇺RU: безвредный food as a threatthreat (noun)Something perceived as dangerous.≈ Synonym: danger🇺🇿UZ: tahdid🇷🇺RU: угроза and reacts as though it were dangerous. This reactionreaction (noun)A response to a stimulus, such as a substance.≈ Synonym: response🇺🇿UZ: reaksiya🇷🇺RU: реакция can range from mild symptomssymptom (noun)Signs indicating the presence of a condition.≈ Synonym: signs🇺🇿UZ: belgilar🇷🇺RU: симптомы, such as an itchy mouth or mild rashrash (noun)An area of red, irritated skin.≈ Synonym: skin irritation🇺🇿UZ: toshma🇷🇺RU: сыпь, to a severe and life-threateninglife-threatening (adj)Capable of causing death.≈ Synonym: fatal🇺🇿UZ: hayot uchun xavfli🇷🇺RU: угрожающий жизни reaction called anaphylaxisanaphylaxis (noun)A severe, potentially fatal allergic reaction.≈ Synonym: severe allergic shock🇺🇿UZ: anafilaksiya🇷🇺RU: анафилаксия, which can affect breathing and requires immediate emergencyemergency (adj)Relating to a sudden, serious situation.≈ Synonym: urgent🇺🇿UZ: shoshilinch🇷🇺RU: экстренный treatment.
Some foods are far more likelylikely (adj)Probable; expected to happen.≈ Synonym: probable🇺🇿UZ: ehtimol🇷🇺RU: вероятный to cause allergic reactions than others. In many countries, the most common triggerstrigger (noun)Things that cause a particular reaction.≈ Synonym: causes🇺🇿UZ: qo'zg'atuvchilar🇷🇺RU: триггеры include peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, shellfishshellfish (noun)Sea creatures with a shell, such as crabs or mussels.≈ Synonym: crustaceans🇺🇿UZ: qisqichbaqasimonlar🇷🇺RU: моллюски, and wheat. Interestingly, ratesrate (noun)Measures of how often something occurs.≈ Synonym: frequencies🇺🇿UZ: ko'rsatkichlar🇷🇺RU: показатели of food allergies have been rising in many parts of the world over recent decades, particularly among children, though scientists are still working to fully understand why this increaseincrease (noun)A rise in amount or level.≈ Synonym: rise🇺🇿UZ: o'sish🇷🇺RU: рост is happening.
Diagnosing a food allergy usually involves a combination of a detailed medical historyhistory (noun)A record of past events, e.g. relating to health.≈ Synonym: record🇺🇿UZ: tarix (tibbiy)🇷🇺RU: история (болезни), skin-prickskin-prick test (noun)A test that checks for allergic reactions on the skin.≈ Synonym: allergy skin test🇺🇿UZ: teri sinovi🇷🇺RU: кожная проба tests, and sometimes blood tests that measure the immune system's response to specific foods. In some cases, doctors may also carry out a supervised food challengefood challenge (noun)A supervised test where a patient eats a suspected allergen.≈ Synonym: supervised food test🇺🇿UZ: nazorat ostidagi sinov🇷🇺RU: пищевая провокационная проба, where a patient eats small, carefully controlled amounts of a suspected allergen under close medical observationobservation (noun)The action of closely watching something.≈ Synonym: monitoring🇺🇿UZ: kuzatuv🇷🇺RU: наблюдение.
Currently, there is no curecure (noun)A treatment that completely resolves an illness.≈ Synonym: remedy🇺🇿UZ: davo🇷🇺RU: лекарство (излечение) for food allergies, so the main approach to management is strict avoidanceavoidance (noun)The act of staying away from something.≈ Synonym: steering clear🇺🇿UZ: qochish🇷🇺RU: избегание of the trigger food. This can be more difficult than it sounds, since allergens are sometimes present in unexpected products or introduced through cross-contamination during food preparationpreparation (noun)The process of making something ready.≈ Synonym: readying🇺🇿UZ: tayyorlash🇷🇺RU: приготовление. People with severe allergies often carry emergency medicationmedication (noun)Medicine used to treat illness.≈ Synonym: medicine🇺🇿UZ: dori-darmon🇷🇺RU: медикаменты, such as an adrenalineadrenaline (noun)A hormone used as emergency medicine for severe reactions.≈ Synonym: epinephrine🇺🇿UZ: adrenalin🇷🇺RU: адреналин injector, in case of accidental exposure.
Living with a food allergy affects far more than mealtimes. It can influence socialsocial (adj)Relating to activities with other people.≈ Synonym: communal🇺🇿UZ: ijtimoiy🇷🇺RU: социальный situations, travel, and school or workplace life, requiring constant awareness and careful planningplanning (noun)The process of deciding how to do something in advance.≈ Synonym: organising🇺🇿UZ: rejalashtirish🇷🇺RU: планирование. Fortunately, growing public awareness, clearer food labellinglabelling (noun)The information printed on product packaging.≈ Synonym: packaging information🇺🇿UZ: yorliqlash🇷🇺RU: маркировка laws, and ongoing medical research into potential treatments are gradually making life somewhat easier and safer for people managing this often invisible but serious conditioncondition (noun)A state of health, whether good or bad.≈ Synonym: ailment🇺🇿UZ: holat (kasallik)🇷🇺RU: состояние (здоровья).