Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Humans spend roughlyroughly (adv)About; not exactly.≈ Synonym: approximately🇺🇿UZ: taxminan🇷🇺RU: примерно a third of their lives asleepasleep (adj)In a state of sleep.≈ Synonym: sleeping🇺🇿UZ: uxlab yotgan🇷🇺RU: спящий, yet for a long time, scientists knew surprisingly little about why sleep is so essentialessential (adj)Absolutely necessary.≈ Synonym: vital🇺🇿UZ: zarur, juda muhim🇷🇺RU: необходимый. Today, research shows that sleep is not simply a period of restrest (noun)A period of relaxation or inactivity.≈ Synonym: relaxation🇺🇿UZ: dam olish, hordiq🇷🇺RU: отдых — it is an active process during which the brainbrain (noun)The organ inside the head that controls thought.≈ Synonym: mind🇺🇿UZ: miya🇷🇺RU: мозг and body carry out vitalvital (adj)Extremely important; necessary for life.≈ Synonym: essential🇺🇿UZ: hayotiy muhim🇷🇺RU: жизненно важный repairrepair (noun)The process of fixing damage.≈ Synonym: restoration🇺🇿UZ: tiklanish, ta'mir🇷🇺RU: восстановление, ремонт and maintenancemaintenance (noun)The process of keeping something in good condition.≈ Synonym: upkeep🇺🇿UZ: parvarish, texnik xizmat🇷🇺RU: обслуживание, уход work.
During sleep, the brain passes through several stagesstage (noun)Distinct periods in a process.≈ Synonym: phases🇺🇿UZ: bosqich🇷🇺RU: этап, стадия, cycling between lightlight (adj)A shallow, easily interrupted stage of sleep.≈ Synonym: shallow sleep🇺🇿UZ: yengil, sayoz (uyqu)🇷🇺RU: лёгкий, неглубокий (о сне) sleep, deepdeep (adj)A stage of sleep important for physical recovery.≈ Synonym: slow-wave sleep🇺🇿UZ: chuqur (uyqu)🇷🇺RU: глубокий (о сне) sleep, and a stage called REMREM (noun)A sleep stage marked by rapid eye movement and dreaming.≈ Synonym: dream sleep🇺🇿UZ: REM (tez ko'z harakati uyqusi)🇷🇺RU: фаза быстрого сна (REM) sleep, when most dreamingdream (verb)Experiencing images and stories during sleep.≈ Synonym: seeing dreams🇺🇿UZ: tush ko'rmoq🇷🇺RU: видеть сны occurs. Deep sleep is particularly important for physical recoveryrecovery (noun)The process of getting well again.≈ Synonym: healing🇺🇿UZ: tuzalish, tiklanish🇷🇺RU: выздоровление, восстановление: it is when the body repairs tissuetissue (noun)A group of similar cells forming part of a body.≈ Synonym: body material🇺🇿UZ: to'qima (tanada)🇷🇺RU: ткань (организма), builds musclemuscle (noun)Body tissue that produces movement.≈ Synonym: sinew🇺🇿UZ: mushak🇷🇺RU: мышца, and strengthensstrengthen (verb)To make something stronger.≈ Synonym: reinforce🇺🇿UZ: mustahkamlamoq🇷🇺RU: укреплять the immune systemimmune system (noun)The body's defence system against disease.≈ Synonym: body's defences🇺🇿UZ: immunitet tizimi🇷🇺RU: иммунная система. REM sleep, meanwhile, appears to play a key role in processingprocess (verb)Dealing with or making sense of something.≈ Synonym: handling🇺🇿UZ: qayta ishlamoq, hazm qilmoq (ma'lumot)🇷🇺RU: обрабатывать emotions and consolidatingconsolidate (verb)Making something stronger or more secure.≈ Synonym: strengthening🇺🇿UZ: mustahkamlamoq🇷🇺RU: закреплять memoriesmemory (noun)Things remembered from past experience.≈ Synonym: recollections🇺🇿UZ: xotira, esdalik🇷🇺RU: воспоминание formed during the day.
A lack of sleep can have seriousserious (adj)Significant or worrying in nature.≈ Synonym: grave🇺🇿UZ: jiddiy🇷🇺RU: серьёзный effects. In the short term, sleep-deprivedsleep-deprived (adj)Not having had enough sleep.≈ Synonym: lacking sleep🇺🇿UZ: uyqusizlikdan qiynalgan🇷🇺RU: недосыпающий people often struggle with concentrationconcentration (noun)The ability to focus attention on one thing.≈ Synonym: focus🇺🇿UZ: diqqat🇷🇺RU: концентрация, reaction timereaction time (noun)The time taken to respond to a stimulus.≈ Synonym: response speed🇺🇿UZ: reaksiya vaqti🇷🇺RU: время реакции, and mood. Over the long term, research links poor sleep to a higher risk of obesityobesity (noun)The condition of being extremely overweight.≈ Synonym: excessive weight🇺🇿UZ: semizlik🇷🇺RU: ожирение, heart disease, and weakenedweakened (adj)Made less strong.≈ Synonym: reduced🇺🇿UZ: zaiflashgan🇷🇺RU: ослабленный immunityimmunity (noun)The body's ability to resist disease.≈ Synonym: resistance to disease🇺🇿UZ: immunitet🇷🇺RU: иммунитет. Some studies even suggest that chronicchronic (adj)Lasting for a long time.≈ Synonym: long-lasting🇺🇿UZ: surunkali🇷🇺RU: хронический sleep loss can affect how the brain clears waste productswaste product (noun)Unwanted substances produced by the body.≈ Synonym: byproducts🇺🇿UZ: chiqindi modda🇷🇺RU: продукт обмена, отход that build up during the day, which may be linked to conditions such as dementia later in life.
So how much sleep do people actually need? Most adults need between seven and nine hours a night, though this variesvary (verb)To be different in different situations.≈ Synonym: differ🇺🇿UZ: farq qilmoq, o'zgarib turmoq🇷🇺RU: варьироваться between individualsindividual (noun)Single people, as opposed to groups.≈ Synonym: people🇺🇿UZ: shaxs, alohida odam🇷🇺RU: отдельный человек. Teenagers generally need more sleep than adults, partly because their bodies and brains are still developingdevelop (verb)Growing or maturing over time.≈ Synonym: growing🇺🇿UZ: rivojlanmoq, o'smoq🇷🇺RU: развиваться. Despite this, surveyssurvey (noun)A set of questions asked to many people.≈ Synonym: poll🇺🇿UZ: so'rovnoma🇷🇺RU: опрос consistently show that a large proportionproportion (noun)A part or share of a whole.≈ Synonym: share🇺🇿UZ: ulush🇷🇺RU: доля of both teenagers and adults regularly get less sleep than they need.
Improving sleep does not usually require drasticdrastic (adj)Extreme and sudden.≈ Synonym: radical🇺🇿UZ: keskin🇷🇺RU: резкий, радикальный changes. Experts recommend keeping a consistentconsistent (adj)Acting or done the same way over time.≈ Synonym: steady🇺🇿UZ: doimiy, bir xil🇷🇺RU: постоянный, регулярный sleep scheduleschedule (noun)A plan of when things will happen.≈ Synonym: timetable🇺🇿UZ: jadval, tartib🇷🇺RU: расписание, график, avoiding bright screens before bed, and creating a cool, dark, and quiet sleeping environment. Simple habits like these, combinedcombine (verb)Joined together with something else.≈ Synonym: merged🇺🇿UZ: birlashtirmoq, qo'shmoq🇷🇺RU: сочетать with an understanding of why sleep matters, can make a real difference to both physical health and daily performanceperformance (noun)How well a task or activity is carried out.≈ Synonym: functioning🇺🇿UZ: samaradorlik, natija🇷🇺RU: производительность, результаты.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (90–120+ words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | roughlyadverb | taxminan | примерно | The trip takes roughly three hours. |
| 2 | asleepadjective | uxlab yotgan | спящий | The baby is finally asleep. |
| 3 | essentialadjective | zarur, juda muhim | необходимый | Sleep is essential for good health. |
| 4 | restnoun | dam olish, hordiq | отдых | You need some rest after the long trip. |
| 5 | brainnoun | miya | мозг | The brain uses a lot of energy. |
| 6 | vitaladjective | hayotiy muhim | жизненно важный | Water is vital for all living things. |
| 7 | repairnoun | tiklanish, ta'mir | восстановление, ремонт | The road is closed for repairs. |
| 8 | maintenancenoun | parvarish, texnik xizmat | обслуживание, уход | Old cars need a lot of maintenance. |
| 9 | stagenoun | bosqich | этап, стадия | The project is in its final stage. |
| 10 | lightadjective | yengil, sayoz (uyqu) | лёгкий, неглубокий (о сне) | I'm a light sleeper — any noise wakes me up. |
| 11 | deepadjective | chuqur (uyqu) | глубокий (о сне) | He was in a deep sleep and didn't hear the phone. |
| 12 | REMnoun | REM (tez ko'z harakati uyqusi) | фаза быстрого сна (REM) | Most dreams happen during REM sleep. |
| 13 | dreamverb | tush ko'rmoq | видеть сны | I dreamed about my old school last night. |
| 14 | recoverynoun | tuzalish, tiklanish | выздоровление, восстановление | He made a quick recovery after the operation. |
| 15 | tissuenoun | to'qima (tanada) | ткань (организма) | Exercise builds muscle tissue. |
| 16 | musclenoun | mushak | мышца | Protein helps build muscle. |
| 17 | strengthenverb | mustahkamlamoq | укреплять | Swimming strengthens your back muscles. |
| 18 | immune systemnoun | immunitet tizimi | иммунная система | A healthy diet supports your immune system. |
| 19 | processverb | qayta ishlamoq, hazm qilmoq (ma'lumot) | обрабатывать | The brain processes information during sleep. |
| 20 | consolidateverb | mustahkamlamoq | закреплять | Review new words to consolidate your learning. |
| 21 | memorynoun | xotira, esdalik | воспоминание | I have happy memories of my childhood. |
| 22 | seriousadjective | jiddiy | серьёзный | Lack of sleep can cause serious health problems. |
| 23 | sleep-deprivedadjective | uyqusizlikdan qiynalgan | недосыпающий | Many new parents are sleep-deprived. |
| 24 | concentrationnoun | diqqat | концентрация | Noise affects concentration. |
| 25 | reaction timenoun | reaksiya vaqti | время реакции | Tired drivers have a slower reaction time. |
| 26 | obesitynoun | semizlik | ожирение | Obesity is increasing among children. |
| 27 | weakenedadjective | zaiflashgan | ослабленный | People with a weakened immune system catch colds easily. |
| 28 | immunitynoun | immunitet | иммунитет | Vaccines help build immunity to disease. |
| 29 | chronicadjective | surunkali | хронический | She suffers from chronic back pain. |
| 30 | waste productnoun | chiqindi modda | продукт обмена, отход | The kidneys remove waste products from the blood. |
| 31 | varyverb | farq qilmoq, o'zgarib turmoq | варьироваться | The price varies from season to season. |
| 32 | individualnoun | shaxs, alohida odam | отдельный человек | Needs differ between individuals. |
| 33 | developverb | rivojlanmoq, o'smoq | развиваться | Children's brains are still developing. |
| 34 | surveynoun | so'rovnoma | опрос | A survey found that most students sleep less than 7 hours. |
| 35 | proportionnoun | ulush | доля | A large proportion of students live at home. |
| 36 | drasticadjective | keskin | резкий, радикальный | You don't need drastic changes — small steps are enough. |
| 37 | consistentadjective | doimiy, bir xil | постоянный, регулярный | A consistent bedtime helps you sleep better. |
| 38 | schedulenoun | jadval, tartib | расписание, график | My schedule is very busy this week. |
| 39 | combineverb | birlashtirmoq, qo'shmoq | сочетать | Combine exercise with a healthy diet. |
| 40 | performancenoun | samaradorlik, natija | производительность, результаты | Good sleep improves your performance at school. |