Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Cities are home to more than half of the world's populationpopulation (noun)The people living in a particular area.≈ Synonym: inhabitants🇺🇿UZ: aholi🇷🇺RU: население, and that number is growinggrow (verb)Increasing in size or number.≈ Synonym: increasing🇺🇿UZ: o'sib boruvchi🇷🇺RU: растущий every year. While cities offer jobs, services, and exciting lifestyleslifestyle (noun)The way in which a person lives.≈ Synonym: ways of living🇺🇿UZ: turmush tarzi🇷🇺RU: образ жизни, they also produce a large shareshare (noun)A part of a total amount.≈ Synonym: portion🇺🇿UZ: ulush🇷🇺RU: доля of the world's pollution and carbon emissionscarbon emissions (noun)Carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere.≈ Synonym: CO2 output🇺🇿UZ: uglerod chiqindilari🇷🇺RU: выбросы углерода. Big cities often face problems such as dirty air, wastewaste (noun)Unwanted material thrown away.≈ Synonym: rubbish🇺🇿UZ: chiqindi🇷🇺RU: отходы, noise, and traffic. However, cities can also be leadersleader (noun)People or entities that guide or set an example.≈ Synonym: pioneers🇺🇿UZ: yetakchilar🇷🇺RU: лидеры in creating a cleaner, healthier future. So how can cities become greenergreen (adj)More environmentally friendly.≈ Synonym: more eco-friendly🇺🇿UZ: ekologikroq🇷🇺RU: экологичнее?
One of the most important ways is to improveimprove (verb)To make or become better.≈ Synonym: enhance🇺🇿UZ: yaxshilamoq🇷🇺RU: улучшать public transportpublic transport (noun)Buses, trains, and other shared transport systems.≈ Synonym: mass transit🇺🇿UZ: jamoat transporti🇷🇺RU: общественный транспорт. When people have access to fast, reliablereliable (adj)Consistently good in quality or performance.≈ Synonym: dependable🇺🇿UZ: ishonchli🇷🇺RU: надёжный, and affordableaffordable (adj)Not too expensive; reasonably priced.≈ Synonym: inexpensive🇺🇿UZ: hamyonbop🇷🇺RU: доступный по цене buses, trains, and trams, they are less likely to drive their cars. This helps reduce air pollution and traffic jamstraffic jam (noun)Lines of vehicles unable to move or moving slowly.≈ Synonym: gridlock🇺🇿UZ: tirbandlik🇷🇺RU: пробки. Some cities are also adding bike lanesbike lane (noun)Roads or paths reserved for cyclists.≈ Synonym: cycle paths🇺🇿UZ: velosiped yo'laklari🇷🇺RU: велодорожки and making streets safer for people who walk or cycle. Cities like Copenhagen and Amsterdam are famous for their bike-friendlybike-friendly (adj)Designed to be convenient and safe for cyclists.≈ Synonym: cyclist-friendly🇺🇿UZ: velosipedchilar uchun qulay🇷🇺RU: удобный для велосипедистов designs, which not only reduce pollution but also encourageencourage (verb)To give support or confidence to do something.≈ Synonym: promote🇺🇿UZ: rag'batlantirmoq🇷🇺RU: поощрять people to stay active and healthy.
Green spacesgreen space (noun)Areas of grass, trees, or plants in a city.≈ Synonym: parks🇺🇿UZ: yashil hududlar🇷🇺RU: зелёные зоны are another key part of making cities greener. Parks, gardens, and trees provide places for people to relax and exercise, but they also help clean the air, reduce heat, and support wildlife. In many cities, green roofsgreen roof (noun)Building roofs covered with plants.≈ Synonym: living roofs🇺🇿UZ: yashil tomlar🇷🇺RU: зелёные крыши — where buildings are covered with plants — are becoming more common. These roofs help keep buildings cool in summer, reduce energy useenergy use (noun)The amount of energy consumed.≈ Synonym: power consumption🇺🇿UZ: energiya sarfi🇷🇺RU: энергопотребление, and provide a home for birds and insects.
Another step cities can take is to use cleaner energyenergy (noun)Power derived from resources to provide light and heat.≈ Synonym: power🇺🇿UZ: energiya🇷🇺RU: энергия. Many cities are investinginvest (verb)Putting money into something for future benefit.≈ Synonym: spending on🇺🇿UZ: sarmoya kiritayotgan🇷🇺RU: инвестирующий in solar panelssolar panel (noun)Devices that convert sunlight into electricity.≈ Synonym: solar cells🇺🇿UZ: quyosh panellari🇷🇺RU: солнечные панели, wind turbineswind turbine (noun)Machines that generate electricity from wind.≈ Synonym: windmills🇺🇿UZ: shamol turbinalari🇷🇺RU: ветряные турбины, and other forms of renewable energyrenewable energy (noun)Energy from sources that naturally replenish.≈ Synonym: clean energy🇺🇿UZ: qayta tiklanuvchi energiya🇷🇺RU: возобновляемая энергия. By producing clean electricityelectricity (noun)A form of energy used to power devices.≈ Synonym: power🇺🇿UZ: elektr energiyasi🇷🇺RU: электричество locallylocally (adverb)In or relating to a particular area.≈ Synonym: in the local area🇺🇿UZ: mahalliy ravishda🇷🇺RU: локально, cities can reduce their dependencedependence (noun)The state of relying on something.≈ Synonym: reliance🇺🇿UZ: bog'liqlik🇷🇺RU: зависимость on fossil fuelsfossil fuel (noun)Fuels formed from ancient organic matter, like coal and oil.≈ Synonym: coal and oil🇺🇿UZ: qazilma yoqilg'i🇷🇺RU: ископаемое топливо like coal and oil, which cause pollution and climate change. Some cities are also working to make buildings more energy-efficientenergy-efficient (adj)Using less energy to achieve the same result.≈ Synonym: resource-saving🇺🇿UZ: energiya tejamkor🇷🇺RU: энергоэффективный by improving insulationinsulation (noun)Material used to prevent heat loss.≈ Synonym: thermal protection🇺🇿UZ: issiqlik izolyatsiyasi🇷🇺RU: теплоизоляция and using smart technology to reduce waste.
Waste managementwaste management (noun)The handling and disposal of waste.≈ Synonym: rubbish handling🇺🇿UZ: chiqindilarni boshqarish🇷🇺RU: управление отходами is also a big part of making cities greener. Cities can encourage people to recyclerecycle (verb)To process used materials for reuse.≈ Synonym: reprocess🇺🇿UZ: qayta ishlamoq🇷🇺RU: перерабатывать and reduce waste by providing good recyclingrecycling (noun)The process of converting waste into reusable material.≈ Synonym: reprocessing🇺🇿UZ: qayta ishlash🇷🇺RU: переработка services and educatingeducate (verb)Giving knowledge or training to someone.≈ Synonym: teaching🇺🇿UZ: ta'lim berayotgan🇷🇺RU: просвещающий residentsresident (noun)People who live in a particular place.≈ Synonym: inhabitants🇺🇿UZ: aholi (turuvchilar)🇷🇺RU: жители about how to use them. Some places have also started compostingcompost (verb)Turning organic waste into fertiliser.≈ Synonym: converting to compost🇺🇿UZ: kompostlash🇷🇺RU: компостирование food waste to make natural fertiliser for parks and gardens.
Finally, cities can become greener by involvinginvolve (verb)Including someone in an activity.≈ Synonym: including🇺🇿UZ: jalb qilib🇷🇺RU: вовлекая people in the processprocess (noun)A series of actions to achieve a result.≈ Synonym: procedure🇺🇿UZ: jarayon🇷🇺RU: процесс. When city governments listen to the ideas of residents, they are more likely to create solutions that work for everyone. Community gardenscommunity garden (noun)Shared gardens cared for by local residents.≈ Synonym: shared gardens🇺🇿UZ: jamoat bog'lari🇷🇺RU: общественные сады, clean-up projects, and environmentalenvironmental (adj)Relating to the natural world.≈ Synonym: ecological🇺🇿UZ: ekologik🇷🇺RU: экологический education programmesprogramme (noun)Planned series of activities with a purpose.≈ Synonym: schemes🇺🇿UZ: dasturlar🇷🇺RU: программы help people feel connectedconnected (adj)Joined or linked emotionally to something.≈ Synonym: linked🇺🇿UZ: bog'langan🇷🇺RU: связанный to their city and motivatedmotivated (adj)Having a strong reason to act.≈ Synonym: inspired🇺🇿UZ: rag'batlantirilgan🇷🇺RU: мотивированный to protect it.
In conclusion, making cities greener is not only good for the environment — it also makes them better places to live. With smart planningplanning (noun)The process of deciding how to do something in advance.≈ Synonym: organising🇺🇿UZ: rejalashtirish🇷🇺RU: планирование, new technology, and community support, cities can lead the way in building a cleaner and healthier future for all.