Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Organic farming is a method of growing food that focusesfocus (verb)Concentrates attention or effort on something.≈ Synonym: concentrates🇺🇿UZ: e'tibor qaratmoq🇷🇺RU: сосредоточиваться on working with nature rather than against it. Unlike conventionalconventional (adj)Following traditional or standard methods.≈ Synonym: traditional🇺🇿UZ: odatiy, an'anaviy🇷🇺RU: обычный, традиционный farming, which often uses chemicalschemical (noun)Substances used or produced in chemical processes.≈ Synonym: substances🇺🇿UZ: kimyoviy modda🇷🇺RU: химическое вещество and artificialartificial (adj)Made by people, not occurring naturally.≈ Synonym: man-made🇺🇿UZ: sun'iy🇷🇺RU: искусственный methods to grow crops and raise animals, organic farming tries to protect the environment and produce healthy food by using natural techniquestechnique (noun)Particular ways of carrying out a task.≈ Synonym: methods🇺🇿UZ: usul, texnika🇷🇺RU: метод, техника. But what exactly does organic farming involveinvolve (verb)To include as a necessary part.≈ Synonym: entail🇺🇿UZ: o'z ichiga olmoq🇷🇺RU: включать, and why do some people believe it is important for the future of agricultureagriculture (noun)The practice of farming.≈ Synonym: farming🇺🇿UZ: qishloq xo'jaligi🇷🇺RU: сельское хозяйство?
One of the main ideas behind organic farming is avoidingavoid (verb)Keeping away from doing something.≈ Synonym: refraining from🇺🇿UZ: qochmoq, ishlatmaslik🇷🇺RU: избегать the use of syntheticsynthetic (adj)Made by chemical synthesis, not natural.≈ Synonym: artificial🇺🇿UZ: sintetik🇷🇺RU: синтетический chemicals. This means that organic farmers do not use artificial fertilisersfertiliser (noun)Substances added to soil to help plants grow.≈ Synonym: plant food🇺🇿UZ: o'g'it🇷🇺RU: удобрение to feed their crops or chemical pesticidespesticide (noun)Chemicals used to kill pests harmful to crops.≈ Synonym: pest killers🇺🇿UZ: pestitsid, zararkunandalarga qarshi zahar🇷🇺RU: пестицид to control pestspest (noun)Insects or animals that damage crops.≈ Synonym: insects🇺🇿UZ: zararkunanda🇷🇺RU: вредитель. Instead, they rely onrely on (verb)Depend on something with trust.≈ Synonym: depend on🇺🇿UZ: tayanmoq🇷🇺RU: полагаться на natural solutions. For example, they might plant certain flowers or herbsherb (noun)Plants used for flavour, medicine, or scent.≈ Synonym: plants🇺🇿UZ: ko'kat, dorivor o'simlik🇷🇺RU: трава, зелень that attractattract (verb)To draw something toward itself.≈ Synonym: draw in🇺🇿UZ: jalb qilmoq🇷🇺RU: привлекать insects that eat crop pests. They may also use compostcompost (noun)Decayed organic material used to fertilise soil.≈ Synonym: organic fertiliser🇺🇿UZ: kompost🇷🇺RU: компост or animal manuremanure (noun)Animal waste used to fertilise land.≈ Synonym: animal waste🇺🇿UZ: go'ng🇷🇺RU: навоз to make the soil rich and healthy.
Another important part of organic farming is caring for the soil. Healthy soil is the foundationfoundation (noun)The basis on which something is built.≈ Synonym: base🇺🇿UZ: asos🇷🇺RU: основа of healthy plants. Organic farmers often rotaterotate (verb)To change or alternate in a regular sequence.≈ Synonym: alternate🇺🇿UZ: almashlab ekmoq; aylanmoq🇷🇺RU: чередовать; вращаться crops, meaning they grow different crops in the same field in different years. This helps prevent the soil from losing its nutrientsnutrient (noun)Substances that provide nourishment for growth.≈ Synonym: nourishment🇺🇿UZ: ozuqa moddasi🇷🇺RU: питательное вещество and reduces the risk of diseases building upbuild up (phrasal verb)Gradually increasing in amount.≈ Synonym: accumulating🇺🇿UZ: to'planmoq🇷🇺RU: накапливаться. They may also plant cover cropscover crop (noun)Plants grown to protect and enrich soil.≈ Synonym: soil-protecting plants🇺🇿UZ: tuproqni qoplovchi ekin🇷🇺RU: покровная культура, like clover or grass, to protect the soil from erosion and add natural nutrients.
Organic farming is not just about plants. It also includes the way animals are raised. Organic farmers try to give animals a good quality of lifequality of life (noun)The general well-being of a person or animal.≈ Synonym: well-being🇺🇿UZ: hayot sifati🇷🇺RU: качество жизни. This means animals are usually kept in conditionscondition (noun)Circumstances affecting how something exists.≈ Synonym: circumstances🇺🇿UZ: sharoit🇷🇺RU: условия where they have more space and can behavebehave (verb)To act in a particular way.≈ Synonym: act🇺🇿UZ: o'zini tutmoq🇷🇺RU: вести себя naturally — for example, chickens that can go outside or cows that can grazegraze (verb)To feed on growing grass.≈ Synonym: feed on grass🇺🇿UZ: o'tlamoq🇷🇺RU: пастись on grass. Organic farmers also avoid using antibioticsantibiotic (noun)Medicines that fight bacterial infections.≈ Synonym: antibacterial drugs🇺🇿UZ: antibiotik🇷🇺RU: антибиотик unless absolutely necessarynecessary (adj)Required in order to achieve something.≈ Synonym: essential🇺🇿UZ: zarur🇷🇺RU: необходимый.
Supporters of organic farming believe it has many benefits. They argue that organic food is safersafe (adj)More free from danger or risk.≈ Synonym: more secure🇺🇿UZ: xavfsiz🇷🇺RU: безопасный and healthier because it contains fewer chemical residuesresidue (noun)Small amounts of a substance remaining.≈ Synonym: remains🇺🇿UZ: qoldiq🇷🇺RU: остаток. They also point out that organic farming is better for the environment because it reducesreduce (verb)Makes something smaller in amount.≈ Synonym: decreases🇺🇿UZ: kamaytirmoq🇷🇺RU: снижать pollutionpollution (noun)The presence of harmful substances in the environment.≈ Synonym: contamination🇺🇿UZ: ifloslanish🇷🇺RU: загрязнение, protects wildlife, and helps keep ecosystemsecosystem (noun)Communities of living things and their environment.≈ Synonym: biological systems🇺🇿UZ: ekotizim🇷🇺RU: экосистема balancedbalanced (adj)In a state of proper proportion.≈ Synonym: stable🇺🇿UZ: muvozanatli🇷🇺RU: сбалансированный. In addition, some studiesstudy (noun)Pieces of research examining a subject.≈ Synonym: research🇺🇿UZ: tadqiqot🇷🇺RU: исследование suggest that organic farms can store more carboncarbon (noun)A chemical element present in all living things.≈ Synonym: carbon element🇺🇿UZ: uglerod🇷🇺RU: углерод in the soil, which could help fight climate change.
However, organic farming also faces challenges. Because it avoids chemical fertilisers and pesticides, it can be harder to produce large amounts of food. This sometimes makes organic food more expensive. Organic farming can also requirerequire (verb)To need something for a purpose.≈ Synonym: need🇺🇿UZ: talab qilmoq🇷🇺RU: требовать more work and knowledgeknowledge (noun)Information and understanding gained through learning.≈ Synonym: understanding🇺🇿UZ: bilim🇷🇺RU: знания from farmers, as they need to find natural ways to solve problems that chemicals might handle more easily.
In conclusion, organic farming offers a different way of producing food — one that aims to protect the environment and produce healthy food in a natural way. While it has both advantagesadvantage (noun)Beneficial features of something.≈ Synonym: benefits🇺🇿UZ: afzallik🇷🇺RU: преимущество and challenges, many people see it as an important part of building a more sustainablesustainable (adj)Able to continue over time without harming resources.≈ Synonym: renewable🇺🇿UZ: barqaror, tabiatga zararsiz🇷🇺RU: устойчивый, экологичный future for agriculture.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (90–120+ words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | focusverb | e'tibor qaratmoq | сосредоточиваться | The report focuses on young people. |
| 2 | conventionaladjective | odatiy, an'anaviy | обычный, традиционный | Electric cars are quieter than conventional cars. |
| 3 | chemicalnoun | kimyoviy modda | химическое вещество | Keep cleaning chemicals away from children. |
| 4 | artificialadjective | sun'iy | искусственный | This drink contains no artificial colours. |
| 5 | techniquenoun | usul, texnika | метод, техника | She learned new teaching techniques at the seminar. |
| 6 | involveverb | o'z ichiga olmoq | включать | My job involves a lot of travel. |
| 7 | agriculturenoun | qishloq xo'jaligi | сельское хозяйство | Agriculture is very important for Uzbekistan's economy. |
| 8 | avoidverb | qochmoq, ishlatmaslik | избегать | I'm avoiding fast food this month. |
| 9 | syntheticadjective | sintetik | синтетический | This jacket is made of synthetic material. |
| 10 | fertilisernoun | o'g'it | удобрение | Farmers use fertiliser to grow bigger crops. |
| 11 | pesticidenoun | pestitsid, zararkunandalarga qarshi zahar | пестицид | Wash fruit well to remove pesticides. |
| 12 | pestnoun | zararkunanda | вредитель | Mice are a common pest in old houses. |
| 13 | rely onverb | tayanmoq | полагаться на | You can always rely on your family. |
| 14 | herbnoun | ko'kat, dorivor o'simlik | трава, зелень | Add some fresh herbs like dill and coriander. |
| 15 | attractverb | jalb qilmoq | привлекать | Bright flowers attract bees. |
| 16 | compostnoun | kompost | компост | We turn kitchen waste into compost for the garden. |
| 17 | manurenoun | go'ng | навоз | Farmers put manure on the fields in spring. |
| 18 | foundationnoun | asos | основа | Good grammar is the foundation of clear writing. |
| 19 | rotateverb | almashlab ekmoq; aylanmoq | чередовать; вращаться | Farmers rotate crops to keep the soil healthy. |
| 20 | nutrientnoun | ozuqa moddasi | питательное вещество | Vegetables are full of important nutrients. |
| 21 | build upphrasal verb | to'planmoq | накапливаться | Dust builds up quickly in this room. |
| 22 | cover cropnoun | tuproqni qoplovchi ekin | покровная культура | Cover crops like clover protect the soil in winter. |
| 23 | quality of lifenoun | hayot sifati | качество жизни | Parks improve the quality of life in cities. |
| 24 | conditionnoun | sharoit | условия | The animals live in clean conditions. |
| 25 | behaveverb | o'zini tutmoq | вести себя | The children behaved very well at the wedding. |
| 26 | grazeverb | o'tlamoq | пастись | Sheep were grazing on the hills. |
| 27 | antibioticnoun | antibiotik | антибиотик | Don't take antibiotics for a simple cold. |
| 28 | necessaryadjective | zarur | необходимый | Is it necessary to book a table? |
| 29 | safeadjective | xavfsiz | безопасный | This area is much safer than it was ten years ago. |
| 30 | residuenoun | qoldiq | остаток | The test found pesticide residues on the apples. |
| 31 | reduceverb | kamaytirmoq | снижать | Cycling reduces air pollution. |
| 32 | pollutionnoun | ifloslanish | загрязнение | Factories are the main source of pollution here. |
| 33 | ecosystemnoun | ekotizim | экосистема | The Aral Sea ecosystem was badly damaged. |
| 34 | balancedadjective | muvozanatli | сбалансированный | Eat a balanced diet. |
| 35 | studynoun | tadqiqot | исследование | A recent study shows that music helps memory. |
| 36 | carbonnoun | uglerod | углерод | Trees store carbon in their wood. |
| 37 | requireverb | talab qilmoq | требовать | Good essays require careful planning. |
| 38 | knowledgenoun | bilim | знания | He has a deep knowledge of Uzbek history. |
| 39 | advantagenoun | afzallik | преимущество | Speaking English is a big advantage in business. |
| 40 | sustainableadjective | barqaror, tabiatga zararsiz | устойчивый, экологичный | We need sustainable sources of energy. |