Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Forests cover about 30% of the Earth's surfacesurface (noun)The outer or top layer of something.≈ Synonym: exterior🇺🇿UZ: yuza🇷🇺RU: поверхность, but they are disappearingdisappear (verb)Ceasing to exist or be seen.≈ Synonym: vanishing🇺🇿UZ: yo'qolmoq🇷🇺RU: исчезать at an alarmingalarming (adj)Causing worry or fear.≈ Synonym: worrying🇺🇿UZ: xavotirli🇷🇺RU: тревожный raterate (noun)A measure of how quickly something happens.≈ Synonym: speed🇺🇿UZ: sur'at🇷🇺RU: темп. Every year, millions of trees are cut down or burned, a process known as deforestationdeforestation (noun)The clearing of forests, usually for other land use.≈ Synonym: forest clearance🇺🇿UZ: o'rmonlarni kesib yo'q qilish🇷🇺RU: вырубка лесов. This problem affects not only the land where the trees once stood, but also the whole planetplanet (noun)A large body in space, such as Earth.≈ Synonym: world🇺🇿UZ: sayyora🇷🇺RU: планета.
There are several main causescause (noun)Things that produce an effect or result.≈ Synonym: reasons🇺🇿UZ: sabab🇷🇺RU: причина of deforestation. One of the biggest is farmingfarming (noun)The practice of growing crops or raising animals.≈ Synonym: agriculture🇺🇿UZ: dehqonchilik🇷🇺RU: сельское хозяйство. As the world's populationpopulation (noun)The people living in a particular area.≈ Synonym: inhabitants🇺🇿UZ: aholi🇷🇺RU: население grows, more land is needed to grow cropscrop (noun)Plants grown in large amounts for food.≈ Synonym: produce🇺🇿UZ: ekin, hosil🇷🇺RU: сельхозкультура, урожай and raise animals. In places like the Amazon rainforestrainforest (noun)A dense forest found in a wet tropical region.≈ Synonym: tropical forest🇺🇿UZ: tropik o'rmon🇷🇺RU: тропический лес, large areas of trees are clearedclear (verb)Removed trees or plants from land.≈ Synonym: removed🇺🇿UZ: tozalamoq, bo'shatmoq🇷🇺RU: расчищать to make space for farms or cattlecattle (noun)Cows and bulls raised for meat or milk.≈ Synonym: livestock🇺🇿UZ: qoramol🇷🇺RU: крупный рогатый скот. Logginglogging (noun)The cutting down of trees for timber.≈ Synonym: tree-felling🇺🇿UZ: daraxt kesish (sanoat)🇷🇺RU: лесозаготовка is another cause. Trees are cut down for their wood, which is used to build houses, make furniture, or produce paper. In some cases, forests are cleared to make way for cities, roads, or factories.
Sometimes deforestation happens because of natural causes, such as wildfireswildfire (noun)Large, fast-spreading fires in the countryside.≈ Synonym: forest fires🇺🇿UZ: o'rmon yong'ini🇷🇺RU: лесной пожар. But in most cases, it is human activityactivity (noun)Something done for a particular purpose.≈ Synonym: action🇺🇿UZ: faoliyat🇷🇺RU: деятельность that is to blame.
The effects of deforestation are seriousserious (adj)Significant or worrying in nature.≈ Synonym: grave🇺🇿UZ: jiddiy🇷🇺RU: серьёзный and far-reachingfar-reaching (adj)Having a wide-ranging influence or effect.≈ Synonym: extensive🇺🇿UZ: keng qamrovli🇷🇺RU: далеко идущий. One major effect is the lossloss (noun)The state of no longer having something.≈ Synonym: reduction🇺🇿UZ: yo'qotish🇷🇺RU: потеря of biodiversitybiodiversity (noun)The variety of plant and animal life in an area.≈ Synonym: biological diversity🇺🇿UZ: biologik xilma-xillik🇷🇺RU: биоразнообразие. Forests are home to more than half of the world's animal and plant speciesspecies (noun)Groups of animals or plants with shared characteristics.≈ Synonym: kinds🇺🇿UZ: (biologik) tur🇷🇺RU: вид (биол.). When forests are destroyeddestroy (verb)Damaged something so badly it ceases to exist.≈ Synonym: ruined🇺🇿UZ: vayron qilmoq, yo'q qilmoq🇷🇺RU: уничтожать, these species lose their homes. Some may die outdie out (phrasal verb)To become extinct.≈ Synonym: become extinct🇺🇿UZ: qirilib bitmoq, yo'qolib ketmoq🇷🇺RU: вымирать completely.
Deforestation also contributescontribute (to) (verb)Plays a part in causing something.≈ Synonym: adds to🇺🇿UZ: hissa qo'shmoq, sabab bo'lmoq🇷🇺RU: способствовать to climate changeclimate change (noun)Long-term changes in Earth's climate patterns.≈ Synonym: global warming🇺🇿UZ: iqlim o'zgarishi🇷🇺RU: изменение климата. Trees absorbabsorb (verb)To take in a substance gradually.≈ Synonym: take in🇺🇿UZ: yutmoq🇷🇺RU: поглощать carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide (noun)A gas produced by burning and breathing, a cause of warming.≈ Synonym: CO2🇺🇿UZ: karbonat angidrid gazi🇷🇺RU: углекислый газ, a gas that causes global warmingglobal warming (noun)The gradual rise in Earth's average temperature.≈ Synonym: climate warming🇺🇿UZ: global isish🇷🇺RU: глобальное потепление. When trees are cut down, they can no longer take in carbon dioxide. In addition, when trees are burned or left to rotrot (verb)To decay naturally.≈ Synonym: decompose🇺🇿UZ: chirimoq🇷🇺RU: гнить, they releaserelease (verb)To let out or send out something.≈ Synonym: emit🇺🇿UZ: chiqarmoq🇷🇺RU: выделять, выбрасывать carbon into the atmosphere. This adds to the greenhouse gasesgreenhouse gas (noun)Gases that trap heat in Earth's atmosphere.≈ Synonym: warming gases🇺🇿UZ: issiqxona gazi🇷🇺RU: парниковый газ that are heating up the planet.
Forests also play a key role in protecting the soilsoil (noun)The top layer of earth in which plants grow.≈ Synonym: earth🇺🇿UZ: tuproq🇷🇺RU: почва. Their rootsroot (noun)The parts of a plant that grow underground.≈ Synonym: plant base🇺🇿UZ: ildiz🇷🇺RU: корень hold the ground together and help prevent erosionerosion (noun)The gradual wearing away of soil or rock.≈ Synonym: wearing away🇺🇿UZ: eroziya🇷🇺RU: эрозия. Without trees, the soil can wash away in heavy rains, which can lead to floodsflood (noun)Overflows of water onto normally dry land.≈ Synonym: inundations🇺🇿UZ: suv toshqini🇷🇺RU: наводнение and landslideslandslide (noun)Masses of earth or rock sliding down a slope.≈ Synonym: rockslides🇺🇿UZ: ko'chki (yer ko'chishi)🇷🇺RU: оползень.
There are ways to reduce deforestation. Governments can pass lawslaw (noun)Official rules made by a government.≈ Synonym: legislation🇺🇿UZ: qonun🇷🇺RU: закон to protect forests. Companies can choose to use wood and paper from sustainablesustainable (adj)Able to continue over time without harming resources.≈ Synonym: renewable🇺🇿UZ: barqaror, tabiatga zarar yetkazmaydigan🇷🇺RU: устойчивый, экологичный sources. Individualsindividual (noun)Single people, as opposed to groups.≈ Synonym: single people🇺🇿UZ: shaxs, alohida odam🇷🇺RU: отдельный человек can help by using less paper, recycling, and supporting products that do not harm forests.
In conclusion, deforestation is a problem that affects us all. By working together, we can find solutionssolution (noun)Ways of solving a problem.≈ Synonym: answers🇺🇿UZ: yechim🇷🇺RU: решение that protect forests and the many benefits they provide.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (90–120+ words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | surfacenoun | yuza | поверхность | Most of the Earth's surface is covered by water. |
| 2 | disappearverb | yo'qolmoq | исчезать | Glaciers are disappearing because of global warming. |
| 3 | alarmingadjective | xavotirli | тревожный | Prices are rising at an alarming speed. |
| 4 | ratenoun | sur'at | темп | The unemployment rate fell last year. |
| 5 | deforestationnoun | o'rmonlarni kesib yo'q qilish | вырубка лесов | Deforestation destroys the homes of many animals. |
| 6 | planetnoun | sayyora | планета | Earth is the only planet where we know life exists. |
| 7 | causenoun | sabab | причина | Smoking is a major cause of lung disease. |
| 8 | farmingnoun | dehqonchilik | сельское хозяйство | Farming uses most of the water in Central Asia. |
| 9 | populationnoun | aholi | население | The world's population is over eight billion. |
| 10 | cropnoun | ekin, hosil | сельхозкультура, урожай | Cotton and wheat are the main crops here. |
| 11 | rainforestnoun | tropik o'rmon | тропический лес | The rainforest is home to millions of insects. |
| 12 | clearverb | tozalamoq, bo'shatmoq | расчищать | Workers cleared the snow from the roads. |
| 13 | cattlenoun | qoramol | крупный рогатый скот | My uncle keeps cattle on his farm. |
| 14 | loggingnoun | daraxt kesish (sanoat) | лесозаготовка | Logging is banned in this national park. |
| 15 | wildfirenoun | o'rmon yong'ini | лесной пожар | Hot, dry summers lead to more wildfires. |
| 16 | activitynoun | faoliyat | деятельность | Human activity is changing the climate. |
| 17 | seriousadjective | jiddiy | серьёзный | Obesity is a serious health problem. |
| 18 | far-reachingadjective | keng qamrovli | далеко идущий | The new law will have far-reaching effects. |
| 19 | lossnoun | yo'qotish | потеря | The loss of his job was a shock. |
| 20 | biodiversitynoun | biologik xilma-xillik | биоразнообразие | Forests have very high biodiversity. |
| 21 | speciesnoun | (biologik) tur | вид (биол.) | This species of bird only lives in Uzbekistan. |
| 22 | destroyverb | vayron qilmoq, yo'q qilmoq | уничтожать | The fire destroyed the old market. |
| 23 | die outphrasal verb | qirilib bitmoq, yo'qolib ketmoq | вымирать | Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. |
| 24 | contribute (to)verb | hissa qo'shmoq, sabab bo'lmoq | способствовать | Stress contributes to heart disease. |
| 25 | climate changenoun | iqlim o'zgarishi | изменение климата | Climate change is causing more droughts. |
| 26 | absorbverb | yutmoq | поглощать | Plants absorb water through their roots. |
| 27 | carbon dioxidenoun | karbonat angidrid gazi | углекислый газ | We breathe out carbon dioxide. |
| 28 | global warmingnoun | global isish | глобальное потепление | Global warming is melting the ice at the poles. |
| 29 | rotverb | chirimoq | гнить | If you don't eat the apples soon, they'll rot. |
| 30 | releaseverb | chiqarmoq | выделять, выбрасывать | Factories release smoke into the air. |
| 31 | greenhouse gasnoun | issiqxona gazi | парниковый газ | Cars produce greenhouse gases. |
| 32 | soilnoun | tuproq | почва | The soil in the Fergana Valley is very rich. |
| 33 | rootnoun | ildiz | корень | The tree has very deep roots. |
| 34 | erosionnoun | eroziya | эрозия | Trees protect the land from erosion. |
| 35 | floodnoun | suv toshqini | наводнение | The flood damaged hundreds of homes. |
| 36 | landslidenoun | ko'chki (yer ko'chishi) | оползень | Heavy rain caused a landslide in the mountains. |
| 37 | lawnoun | qonun | закон | The new law bans plastic bags. |
| 38 | sustainableadjective | barqaror, tabiatga zarar yetkazmaydigan | устойчивый, экологичный | We need more sustainable ways of farming. |
| 39 | individualnoun | shaxs, alohida odam | отдельный человек | Individuals can make a difference by saving water. |
| 40 | solutionnoun | yechim | решение | There is no easy solution to this problem. |