Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Vaccines are one of the most important medicalmedical (adj)Relating to the treatment of illness.≈ Synonym: clinical🇺🇿UZ: tibbiy🇷🇺RU: медицинский discoveriesdiscovery (noun)Things found or learned for the first time.≈ Synonym: findings🇺🇿UZ: kashfiyot🇷🇺RU: открытие in human history. They have helped to protect people from dangerousdangerous (adj)Likely to cause harm.≈ Synonym: hazardous🇺🇿UZ: xavfli🇷🇺RU: опасный diseasesdisease (noun)Illnesses affecting the body.≈ Synonym: illnesses🇺🇿UZ: kasallik🇷🇺RU: болезнь and have saved millions of lives. Today, vaccines are used all over the world to preventprevent (verb)To stop something from happening.≈ Synonym: avert🇺🇿UZ: oldini olmoq🇷🇺RU: предотвращать illnessesillness (noun)States of being unwell.≈ Synonym: sicknesses🇺🇿UZ: kasallik, xastalik🇷🇺RU: болезнь, заболевание that once caused great fearfear (noun)The feeling you have when you are afraid.🇺🇿UZ: qo'rquv🇷🇺RU: страх and sufferingsuffering (noun)The state of experiencing pain or hardship.≈ Synonym: distress🇺🇿UZ: azob🇷🇺RU: страдание.
The idea behind vaccines is simple but powerful. A vaccine teaches the body's immune systemimmune system (noun)The body's defence system against disease.≈ Synonym: body's defences🇺🇿UZ: immunitet tizimi🇷🇺RU: иммунная система how to fight a disease without making the person sick. When someone receivesreceive (verb)Is given or gets something.≈ Synonym: gets🇺🇿UZ: olmoq🇷🇺RU: получать a vaccine, their body learns to recogniserecognise (verb)To identify something previously encountered.≈ Synonym: identify🇺🇿UZ: tanimoq🇷🇺RU: распознавать and attackattack (verb)To act against something to destroy it.≈ Synonym: fight🇺🇿UZ: hujum qilmoq🇷🇺RU: атаковать the disease if they come into contact with it in the future. This means they are less likely to get ill.
The first vaccine was developeddevelop (verb)Created or produced over time.≈ Synonym: created🇺🇿UZ: ishlab chiqmoq, yaratmoq🇷🇺RU: разрабатывать in 1796 by Edward Jenner, an English doctor. He discovered that people who had caught a mildmild (adj)Not severe or serious.≈ Synonym: light🇺🇿UZ: yengil (kasallik, ob-havo)🇷🇺RU: лёгкий, мягкий disease called cowpoxcowpox (noun)A mild disease affecting cows and sometimes humans.≈ Synonym: cattle disease🇺🇿UZ: sigir chechagi🇷🇺RU: коровья оспа did not get smallpoxsmallpox (noun)A deadly infectious disease, now eradicated.≈ Synonym: variola🇺🇿UZ: chechak🇷🇺RU: оспа, which was a deadlydeadly (adj)Capable of causing death.≈ Synonym: fatal🇺🇿UZ: o'limga olib keladigan, halokatli🇷🇺RU: смертельный illness at that time. Jenner used material from a cowpox soresore (noun)A painful or infected spot on the skin.≈ Synonym: lesion🇺🇿UZ: yara🇷🇺RU: язва, рана to create a vaccine. His idea was successfulsuccessful (adj)Achieving the desired result.≈ Synonym: effective🇺🇿UZ: muvaffaqiyatli🇷🇺RU: успешный, and over time, smallpox became the first disease ever to be completelycompletely (adverb)Totally; in every way.≈ Synonym: entirely🇺🇿UZ: butunlay🇷🇺RU: полностью removedremove (verb)Eliminated or taken away completely.≈ Synonym: eliminated🇺🇿UZ: olib tashlamoq, yo'q qilmoq🇷🇺RU: удалять, устранять from the world thanks to vaccinationvaccination (noun)The act of giving someone a vaccine.≈ Synonym: immunisation🇺🇿UZ: emlash🇷🇺RU: вакцинация.
Since then, vaccines have been developed for many other diseases, including measlesmeasles (noun)A contagious viral disease causing fever and a rash.≈ Synonym: rubeola🇺🇿UZ: qizamiq🇷🇺RU: корь, poliopolio (noun)A viral disease that can cause paralysis.≈ Synonym: poliomyelitis🇺🇿UZ: poliomielit🇷🇺RU: полиомиелит, and tetanustetanus (noun)A serious bacterial infection affecting the nerves.≈ Synonym: lockjaw🇺🇿UZ: qoqshol🇷🇺RU: столбняк. These vaccines have helped reducereduce (verb)To make something smaller in amount.≈ Synonym: decrease🇺🇿UZ: kamaytirmoq🇷🇺RU: сокращать the number of casescase (noun)Instances of a disease occurring.≈ Synonym: instances🇺🇿UZ: holat, kasallik holati🇷🇺RU: случай and deaths from these illnesses. For example, polio once caused thousands of children to become disableddisabled (adj)Having a physical or mental condition limiting movement or senses.≈ Synonym: impaired🇺🇿UZ: nogiron, imkoniyati cheklangan🇷🇺RU: с инвалидностью every year, but thanks to vaccines, it is now close to being wiped outwipe out (phrasal verb)Completely destroyed or eliminated.≈ Synonym: eradicated🇺🇿UZ: butunlay yo'q qilmoq🇷🇺RU: уничтожать, искоренять.
Vaccines not only protect individualsindividual (noun)Single people, as opposed to groups.≈ Synonym: people🇺🇿UZ: shaxs, alohida odam🇷🇺RU: отдельный человек but also help communities. When most people in a community are vaccinatedvaccinated (adj)Having received a vaccine.≈ Synonym: immunised🇺🇿UZ: emlangan🇷🇺RU: вакцинированный, diseases have less chance to spreadspread (verb)To become passed on more widely.≈ Synonym: transmit🇺🇿UZ: tarqalmoq🇷🇺RU: распространяться. This protects those who cannot receive vaccines, such as very young babies or people with certain health conditionscondition (noun)States of health or illness.≈ Synonym: ailments🇺🇿UZ: kasallik, holat (sog'liq)🇷🇺RU: заболевание, состояние.
However, vaccines work best when people trusttrust (verb)To believe in the reliability of something.≈ Synonym: believe in🇺🇿UZ: ishonmoq🇷🇺RU: доверять them and are willingwilling (adj)Happy or ready to do something.≈ Synonym: ready🇺🇿UZ: tayyor, rozi🇷🇺RU: готовый (сделать) to get them. In some places, people are unsureunsure (adj)Not certain about something.≈ Synonym: uncertain🇺🇿UZ: ishonchsiz🇷🇺RU: неуверенный about vaccines because of mythsmyth (noun)Widely held but false beliefs.≈ Synonym: false beliefs🇺🇿UZ: afsona, noto'g'ri tushuncha🇷🇺RU: миф or a lack of informationinformation (noun)Facts or details about something.≈ Synonym: data🇺🇿UZ: ma'lumot🇷🇺RU: информация. Educationeducation (noun)The process of teaching or learning.≈ Synonym: teaching🇺🇿UZ: ta'lim, ma'rifat🇷🇺RU: образование, просвещение and clear communicationcommunication (noun)The exchange of information between people.≈ Synonym: exchange of information🇺🇿UZ: muloqot, aloqa🇷🇺RU: общение, коммуникация are key to making sure vaccines continue to save lives in the future.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (90–120+ words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | medicaladjective | tibbiy | медицинский | He needs urgent medical help. |
| 2 | discoverynoun | kashfiyot | открытие | The discovery of oil changed the country's economy. |
| 3 | dangerousadjective | xavfli | опасный | It's dangerous to swim in this river. |
| 4 | diseasenoun | kasallik | болезнь | Heart disease is common in older people. |
| 5 | preventverb | oldini olmoq | предотвращать | Washing your hands can prevent many illnesses. |
| 6 | illnessnoun | kasallik, xastalik | болезнь, заболевание | She missed a week of school because of illness. |
| 7 | fearnoun | qo'rquv | страх | She has a fear of flying. |
| 8 | sufferingnoun | azob | страдание | The war caused terrible suffering. |
| 9 | immune systemnoun | immunitet tizimi | иммунная система | Vitamin C helps your immune system. |
| 10 | receiveverb | olmoq | получать | Did you receive my email? |
| 11 | recogniseverb | tanimoq | распознавать | I didn't recognise you with your new haircut! |
| 12 | attackverb | hujum qilmoq | атаковать | The virus attacks the lungs. |
| 13 | developverb | ishlab chiqmoq, yaratmoq | разрабатывать | Scientists developed a new medicine for malaria. |
| 14 | mildadjective | yengil (kasallik, ob-havo) | лёгкий, мягкий | It's only a mild cold — I'll be fine tomorrow. |
| 15 | cowpoxnoun | sigir chechagi | коровья оспа | Cowpox is a mild disease that spreads from cows to people. |
| 16 | smallpoxnoun | chechak | оспа | Smallpox killed millions of people before the vaccine. |
| 17 | deadlyadjective | o'limga olib keladigan, halokatli | смертельный | Some snakes are deadly. |
| 18 | sorenoun | yara | язва, рана | He had a painful sore on his hand. |
| 19 | successfuladjective | muvaffaqiyatli | успешный | The concert was very successful. |
| 20 | completelyadverb | butunlay | полностью | I completely forgot about your birthday — sorry! |
| 21 | removeverb | olib tashlamoq, yo'q qilmoq | удалять, устранять | Please remove your shoes before entering. |
| 22 | vaccinationnoun | emlash | вакцинация | Vaccination is free for all children in the country. |
| 23 | measlesnoun | qizamiq | корь | Measles spreads very quickly among children. |
| 24 | polionoun | poliomielit | полиомиелит | Thanks to vaccines, polio is now very rare. |
| 25 | tetanusnoun | qoqshol | столбняк | You should get a tetanus injection if a dog bites you. |
| 26 | reduceverb | kamaytirmoq | сокращать | The new traffic lights reduced accidents by 30%. |
| 27 | casenoun | holat, kasallik holati | случай | There were 200 new cases of flu last week. |
| 28 | disabledadjective | nogiron, imkoniyati cheklangan | с инвалидностью | The building has a lift for disabled visitors. |
| 29 | wipe outphrasal verb | butunlay yo'q qilmoq | уничтожать, искоренять | The flood wiped out the whole harvest. |
| 30 | individualnoun | shaxs, alohida odam | отдельный человек | Each individual has the right to a good education. |
| 31 | vaccinatedadjective | emlangan | вакцинированный | Have you been vaccinated against flu this year? |
| 32 | spreadverb | tarqalmoq | распространяться | Bad news spreads fast. |
| 33 | conditionnoun | kasallik, holat (sog'liq) | заболевание, состояние | He has a heart condition, so he can't run. |
| 34 | trustverb | ishonmoq | доверять | I trust my doctor completely. |
| 35 | willingadjective | tayyor, rozi | готовый (сделать) | Are you willing to work at weekends? |
| 36 | unsureadjective | ishonchsiz | неуверенный | I was unsure which answer was correct. |
| 37 | mythnoun | afsona, noto'g'ri tushuncha | миф | It's a myth that eating carrots helps you see in the dark. |
| 38 | informationnoun | ma'lumot | информация | The leaflet gives useful information about the exam. |
| 39 | educationnoun | ta'lim, ma'rifat | образование, просвещение | Education is the key to a better future. |
| 40 | communicationnoun | muloqot, aloqa | общение, коммуникация | Clear communication helps teams work better. |