Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Vaccines are one of the most important medicalmedical (adj)Relating to the treatment of illness.≈ Synonym: clinical🇺🇿UZ: tibbiy🇷🇺RU: медицинский discoveriesdiscovery (noun)Things found or learned for the first time.≈ Synonym: findings🇺🇿UZ: kashfiyotlar🇷🇺RU: открытия in human history. They have helped to protect people from dangerousdangerous (adj)Likely to cause harm.≈ Synonym: hazardous🇺🇿UZ: xavfli🇷🇺RU: опасный diseasesdisease (noun)Illnesses affecting the body.≈ Synonym: illnesses🇺🇿UZ: kasalliklar🇷🇺RU: болезни and have saved millions of lives. Today, vaccines are used all over the world to preventprevent (verb)To stop something from happening.≈ Synonym: avert🇺🇿UZ: oldini olmoq🇷🇺RU: предотвращать illnessesillness (noun)States of being unwell.≈ Synonym: sicknesses🇺🇿UZ: kasalliklar🇷🇺RU: заболевания that once caused great fear and sufferingsuffering (noun)The state of experiencing pain or hardship.≈ Synonym: distress🇺🇿UZ: azob🇷🇺RU: страдание.
The idea behind vaccines is simple but powerful. A vaccine teaches the body's immune systemimmune system (noun)The body's defence system against disease.≈ Synonym: body's defences🇺🇿UZ: immunitet tizimi🇷🇺RU: иммунная система how to fight a disease without making the person sick. When someone receivesreceive (verb)Is given or gets something.≈ Synonym: gets🇺🇿UZ: oladi🇷🇺RU: получает a vaccine, their body learns to recogniserecognise (verb)To identify something previously encountered.≈ Synonym: identify🇺🇿UZ: tanimoq🇷🇺RU: распознавать and attackattack (verb)To act against something to destroy it.≈ Synonym: fight🇺🇿UZ: hujum qilmoq🇷🇺RU: атаковать the disease if they come into contact with it in the future. This means they are less likely to get ill.
The first vaccine was developeddevelop (verb)Created or produced over time.≈ Synonym: created🇺🇿UZ: ishlab chiqilgan🇷🇺RU: разработан in 1796 by Edward Jenner, an English doctor. He discovered that people who had caught a mildmild (adj)Not severe or serious.≈ Synonym: light🇺🇿UZ: yengil🇷🇺RU: лёгкий (о болезни) disease called cowpoxcowpox (noun)A mild disease affecting cows and sometimes humans.≈ Synonym: cattle disease🇺🇿UZ: sigir chechagi🇷🇺RU: коровья оспа did not get smallpoxsmallpox (noun)A deadly infectious disease, now eradicated.≈ Synonym: variola🇺🇿UZ: chechak🇷🇺RU: оспа, which was a deadlydeadly (adj)Capable of causing death.≈ Synonym: fatal🇺🇿UZ: o'limga olib keluvchi🇷🇺RU: смертельный illness at that time. Jenner used material from a cowpox soresore (noun)A painful or infected spot on the skin.≈ Synonym: lesion🇺🇿UZ: yara🇷🇺RU: язва to create a vaccine. His idea was successfulsuccessful (adj)Achieving the desired result.≈ Synonym: effective🇺🇿UZ: muvaffaqiyatli🇷🇺RU: успешный, and over time, smallpox became the first disease ever to be completelycompletely (adverb)Totally; in every way.≈ Synonym: entirely🇺🇿UZ: butunlay🇷🇺RU: полностью removedremove (verb)Eliminated or taken away completely.≈ Synonym: eliminated🇺🇿UZ: yo'q qilingan🇷🇺RU: устранена from the world thanks to vaccinationvaccination (noun)The act of giving someone a vaccine.≈ Synonym: immunisation🇺🇿UZ: emlash🇷🇺RU: вакцинация.
Since then, vaccines have been developed for many other diseases, including measlesmeasles (noun)A contagious viral disease causing fever and a rash.≈ Synonym: rubeola🇺🇿UZ: qizamiq🇷🇺RU: корь, poliopolio (noun)A viral disease that can cause paralysis.≈ Synonym: poliomyelitis🇺🇿UZ: poliomielit🇷🇺RU: полиомиелит, and tetanustetanus (noun)A serious bacterial infection affecting the nerves.≈ Synonym: lockjaw🇺🇿UZ: qoqshol🇷🇺RU: столбняк. These vaccines have helped reducereduce (verb)To make something smaller in amount.≈ Synonym: decrease🇺🇿UZ: kamaytirmoq🇷🇺RU: сокращать the number of casescase (noun)Instances of a disease occurring.≈ Synonym: instances🇺🇿UZ: holatlar🇷🇺RU: случаи and deaths from these illnesses. For example, polio once caused thousands of children to become disableddisabled (adj)Having a physical or mental condition limiting movement or senses.≈ Synonym: impaired🇺🇿UZ: nogiron🇷🇺RU: инвалид every year, but thanks to vaccines, it is now close to being wiped outwipe out (phrasal verb)Completely destroyed or eliminated.≈ Synonym: eradicated🇺🇿UZ: butunlay yo'q qilingan🇷🇺RU: искоренён.
Vaccines not only protect individualsindividual (noun)Single people, as opposed to groups.≈ Synonym: people🇺🇿UZ: shaxslar🇷🇺RU: отдельные лица but also help communities. When most people in a community are vaccinatedvaccinated (adj)Having received a vaccine.≈ Synonym: immunised🇺🇿UZ: emlangan🇷🇺RU: вакцинированный, diseases have less chance to spreadspread (verb)To become passed on more widely.≈ Synonym: transmit🇺🇿UZ: tarqalmoq🇷🇺RU: распространяться. This protects those who cannot receive vaccines, such as very young babies or people with certain health conditionscondition (noun)States of health or illness.≈ Synonym: ailments🇺🇿UZ: holatlar🇷🇺RU: состояния.
However, vaccines work best when people trusttrust (verb)To believe in the reliability of something.≈ Synonym: believe in🇺🇿UZ: ishonmoq🇷🇺RU: доверять them and are willing to get them. In some places, people are unsureunsure (adj)Not certain about something.≈ Synonym: uncertain🇺🇿UZ: ishonchsiz🇷🇺RU: неуверенный about vaccines because of mythsmyth (noun)Widely held but false beliefs.≈ Synonym: false beliefs🇺🇿UZ: afsonalar🇷🇺RU: мифы or a lack of informationinformation (noun)Facts or details about something.≈ Synonym: data🇺🇿UZ: ma'lumot🇷🇺RU: информация. Educationeducation (noun)The process of teaching or learning.≈ Synonym: teaching🇺🇿UZ: ta'lim🇷🇺RU: образование and clear communicationcommunication (noun)The exchange of information between people.≈ Synonym: exchange of information🇺🇿UZ: aloqa🇷🇺RU: коммуникация are key to making sure vaccines continue to save lives in the future.