Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Every day, people around the world throw away enormous amountsenormous amountVery large quantities of something.≈ Synonym: huge quantities🇺🇿UZ: juda katta miqdor🇷🇺RU: огромные объёмы of garbagegarbageWaste material that is thrown away.≈ Synonym: trash🇺🇿UZ: chiqindi, axlat🇷🇺RU: мусор. Much of this waste, including plastic, glass, paper, and metal, does not have to end up in a landfilllandfillA place where waste is buried in the ground.≈ Synonym: waste dump🇺🇿UZ: chiqindixona🇷🇺RU: свалка. Instead, it can be collected, processedprocess v.Treated or prepared using a series of steps.≈ Synonym: treated🇺🇿UZ: qayta ishlangan🇷🇺RU: переработанный, and turned back into new products through a system called recycling. This simple idea helps reduce waste and protect natural resourcesnatural resourceMaterials found in nature that people use, like water, trees, and metals.≈ Synonym: raw materials from nature🇺🇿UZ: tabiiy resurslar🇷🇺RU: природные ресурсы at the same time.
Recycling begins the moment someone sorts their trashsort trashPuts waste into different groups based on its type.≈ Synonym: separates their waste🇺🇿UZ: axlatni saralaydi🇷🇺RU: сортирует мусор into different binsbinContainers used for holding waste or recyclable materials.≈ Synonym: containers🇺🇿UZ: axlat qutilari🇷🇺RU: контейнеры, урны. Once collected, materials are taken to recycling facilitiesrecycling facilityPlaces equipped to process recyclable waste materials.≈ Synonym: recycling plants🇺🇿UZ: qayta ishlash korxonalari🇷🇺RU: предприятия по переработке, where machines and workers separateseparate v.To divide or sort things into different groups.≈ Synonym: sort🇺🇿UZ: ajratmoq🇷🇺RU: разделять paper, plastic, glass, and metal from each other. Each material then follows its own path: paper is broken down into pulppulpA soft, wet substance made by breaking down material like wood or paper.≈ Synonym: mashed fiber material🇺🇿UZ: sellyuloza massasi🇷🇺RU: целлюлозная масса and reformedreformShaped again into a new form.≈ Synonym: reshaped🇺🇿UZ: qayta shakllantirilgan🇷🇺RU: переформованный into new paper products, while glass is crushedcrushPressed hard so that something breaks into pieces.≈ Synonym: smashed🇺🇿UZ: maydalangan🇷🇺RU: раздроблённый, melted, and moldedmoldShaped by pouring soft material into a container.≈ Synonym: shaped🇺🇿UZ: shakl berilgan🇷🇺RU: отлитый в форму into new bottles and jars.
Plastic recycling is more complicatedcomplicatedDifficult to understand or deal with because it has many parts.≈ Synonym: complex🇺🇿UZ: murakkab🇷🇺RU: сложный because there are many different types of plastic, and not all of them can be recycled the same way. Usable plastic is cleaned, shreddedshredCut or torn into small, thin pieces.≈ Synonym: cut into small pieces🇺🇿UZ: maydalab tilingan🇷🇺RU: измельчённый into small pieces, melted, and shaped into pelletspelletSmall, hard, rounded pieces of material.≈ Synonym: small granules🇺🇿UZ: donachalar, granulalar🇷🇺RU: гранулы that factories use to manufacturemanufactureTo make products, usually in large quantities using machines.≈ Synonym: produce🇺🇿UZ: ishlab chiqarmoq🇷🇺RU: производить new items, from bottles to clothing fibersclothing fiberThin threads used to make fabric for clothes.≈ Synonym: fabric threads🇺🇿UZ: kiyim tolalari🇷🇺RU: текстильные волокна. Metal, especially aluminumaluminumA lightweight silver-colored metal often used in cans and foil.≈ Synonym: a light metal🇺🇿UZ: alyuminiy🇷🇺RU: алюминий, is one of the easiest materials to recycle and can be reused again and again almost endlesslyendlesslyWithout stopping or ending; continuously.≈ Synonym: continuously🇺🇿UZ: cheksiz ravishda🇷🇺RU: бесконечно without losing quality.
Recycling matters for several important reasons. It reduces the need to extractextractTo remove or take out something, often from the ground.≈ Synonym: remove🇺🇿UZ: qazib olmoq, chiqarib olmoq🇷🇺RU: извлекать new raw materialsraw materialBasic natural substances used to make products.≈ Synonym: unprocessed materials🇺🇿UZ: xom ashyo🇷🇺RU: сырьё from the earth, which saves energy and lowers pollution. It also keeps landfills from filling up too quickly and reduces the greenhouse gasesgreenhouse gasGases in the air that trap heat and warm the planet.≈ Synonym: warming gases🇺🇿UZ: issiqxona gazlari🇷🇺RU: парниковые газы released when waste decomposesdecomposeBreaks down naturally over time, often by rotting.≈ Synonym: breaks down🇺🇿UZ: chirib, parchalanadi🇷🇺RU: разлагается. In many cases, making a product from recycled material uses far less energy than making it from scratchfrom scratchStarting completely from the beginning, using nothing already made.≈ Synonym: starting from nothing🇺🇿UZ: noldan boshlab🇷🇺RU: с нуля.
Still, recycling is not a perfect solution on its own. Contaminated materialscontaminated materialMaterials that have been dirtied or mixed with unwanted substances.≈ Synonym: dirty, mixed materials🇺🇿UZ: ifloslangan materiallar🇷🇺RU: загрязнённые материалы, mixed-up bins, and confusionconfusionA state of not understanding something clearly.≈ Synonym: uncertainty🇺🇿UZ: chalkashlik🇷🇺RU: путаница about what can actually be recycled cause real problems for recycling systems. Experts say that reducing wastereduce wasteMaking the amount of trash produced smaller.≈ Synonym: cutting down on waste🇺🇿UZ: chiqindini kamaytirish🇷🇺RU: сокращение отходов and reusing itemsreuse an itemUsing something again instead of throwing it away.≈ Synonym: using things again🇺🇿UZ: buyumlarni qayta ishlatish🇷🇺RU: повторное использование вещей before recycling them are equally important steps. Nevertheless, when done correctly, recycling truly turns everyday trash into valuable treasurevaluable treasureSomething precious and worth a lot.≈ Synonym: precious resource🇺🇿UZ: qimmatli boylik🇷🇺RU: ценное сокровище for the future.