Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Every day, people around the world throw awaythrow away (phrasal)To get rid of something you do not want.≈ Synonym: discard🇺🇿UZ: tashlab yubormoq🇷🇺RU: выбрасывать enormous amountsenormous amountVery large quantities of something.≈ Synonym: huge quantities🇺🇿UZ: juda katta miqdor🇷🇺RU: огромные объёмы of garbagegarbageWaste material that is thrown away.≈ Synonym: trash🇺🇿UZ: chiqindi, axlat🇷🇺RU: мусор. Much of this waste, including plastic, glassglass (noun)A hard, clear material used for windows and bottles.🇺🇿UZ: shisha🇷🇺RU: стекло, paper, and metal, does not have to end up in a landfilllandfillA place where waste is buried in the ground.≈ Synonym: waste dump🇺🇿UZ: chiqindixona🇷🇺RU: свалка. Instead, it can be collectedcollect (verb)To take things away from a place.≈ Synonym: pick up🇺🇿UZ: yig'ib olmoq🇷🇺RU: собирать, вывозить, processedprocess v.Treated or prepared using a series of steps.≈ Synonym: treated🇺🇿UZ: qayta ishlangan🇷🇺RU: переработанный, and turned back into new products through a system called recycling. This simple idea helps reduce waste and protect natural resourcesnatural resourceMaterials found in nature that people use, like water, trees, and metals.≈ Synonym: raw materials from nature🇺🇿UZ: tabiiy resurslar🇷🇺RU: природные ресурсы at the same time.
Recycling begins the momentmoment (noun)A particular point in time.≈ Synonym: instant🇺🇿UZ: lahza, payt🇷🇺RU: момент someone sorts their trashsort trashPuts waste into different groups based on its type.≈ Synonym: separates their waste🇺🇿UZ: axlatni saralaydi🇷🇺RU: сортирует мусор into different binsbinContainers used for holding waste or recyclable materials.≈ Synonym: containers🇺🇿UZ: axlat qutilari🇷🇺RU: контейнеры, урны. Once collected, materials are taken to recycling facilitiesrecycling facilityPlaces equipped to process recyclable waste materials.≈ Synonym: recycling plants🇺🇿UZ: qayta ishlash korxonalari🇷🇺RU: предприятия по переработке, where machines and workers separateseparate v.To divide or sort things into different groups.≈ Synonym: sort🇺🇿UZ: ajratmoq🇷🇺RU: разделять paper, plastic, glass, and metal from each other. Each material then follows its own path: paper is broken down into pulppulpA soft, wet substance made by breaking down material like wood or paper.≈ Synonym: mashed fiber material🇺🇿UZ: sellyuloza massasi🇷🇺RU: целлюлозная масса and reformedreformShaped again into a new form.≈ Synonym: reshaped🇺🇿UZ: qayta shakllantirilgan🇷🇺RU: переформованный into new paper products, while glass is crushedcrushPressed hard so that something breaks into pieces.≈ Synonym: smashed🇺🇿UZ: maydalangan🇷🇺RU: раздроблённый, meltedmelt (verb)To change from solid to liquid by heat.🇺🇿UZ: eritmoq, erimoq🇷🇺RU: плавить, таять, and moldedmoldShaped by pouring soft material into a container.≈ Synonym: shaped🇺🇿UZ: shakl berilgan🇷🇺RU: отлитый в форму into new bottles and jarsjar (noun)A glass container for food.🇺🇿UZ: banka🇷🇺RU: банка.
Plastic recycling is more complicatedcomplicatedDifficult to understand or deal with because it has many parts.≈ Synonym: complex🇺🇿UZ: murakkab🇷🇺RU: сложный because there are many different types of plastic, and not all of them can be recycled the same way. Usable plastic is cleaned, shreddedshredCut or torn into small, thin pieces.≈ Synonym: cut into small pieces🇺🇿UZ: maydalab tilingan🇷🇺RU: измельчённый into small pieces, melted, and shaped into pelletspelletSmall, hard, rounded pieces of material.≈ Synonym: small granules🇺🇿UZ: donachalar, granulalar🇷🇺RU: гранулы that factories use to manufacturemanufactureTo make products, usually in large quantities using machines.≈ Synonym: produce🇺🇿UZ: ishlab chiqarmoq🇷🇺RU: производить new items, from bottles to clothing fibersclothing fiberThin threads used to make fabric for clothes.≈ Synonym: fabric threads🇺🇿UZ: kiyim tolalari🇷🇺RU: текстильные волокна. Metal, especially aluminumaluminumA lightweight silver-colored metal often used in cans and foil.≈ Synonym: a light metal🇺🇿UZ: alyuminiy🇷🇺RU: алюминий, is one of the easiest materials to recycle and can be reusedreuse (verb)To use something again.🇺🇿UZ: qayta foydalanmoq🇷🇺RU: использовать повторно again and again almost endlesslyendlesslyWithout stopping or ending; continuously.≈ Synonym: continuously🇺🇿UZ: cheksiz ravishda🇷🇺RU: бесконечно without losing quality.
Recycling matters for several important reasons. It reduces the need to extractextractTo remove or take out something, often from the ground.≈ Synonym: remove🇺🇿UZ: qazib olmoq, chiqarib olmoq🇷🇺RU: извлекать new raw materialsraw materialBasic natural substances used to make products.≈ Synonym: unprocessed materials🇺🇿UZ: xom ashyo🇷🇺RU: сырьё from the earth, which savessave (verb)To use less of something.🇺🇿UZ: tejamoq🇷🇺RU: экономить energy and lowerslower (verb)To make something less.≈ Synonym: reduce🇺🇿UZ: pasaytirmoq🇷🇺RU: снижать pollution. It also keeps landfills from filling up too quickly and reduces the greenhouse gasesgreenhouse gasGases in the air that trap heat and warm the planet.≈ Synonym: warming gases🇺🇿UZ: issiqxona gazlari🇷🇺RU: парниковые газы released when waste decomposesdecomposeBreaks down naturally over time, often by rotting.≈ Synonym: breaks down🇺🇿UZ: chirib, parchalanadi🇷🇺RU: разлагается. In many cases, making a product from recycled material uses far less energy than making it from scratchfrom scratchStarting completely from the beginning, using nothing already made.≈ Synonym: starting from nothing🇺🇿UZ: noldan boshlab🇷🇺RU: с нуля.
Still, recycling is not a perfect solution on its own. Contaminated materialscontaminated materialMaterials that have been dirtied or mixed with unwanted substances.≈ Synonym: dirty, mixed materials🇺🇿UZ: ifloslangan materiallar🇷🇺RU: загрязнённые материалы, mixed-up bins, and confusionconfusionA state of not understanding something clearly.≈ Synonym: uncertainty🇺🇿UZ: chalkashlik🇷🇺RU: путаница about what can actually be recycled cause real problems for recycling systems. Experts say that reducing wastereduce wasteMaking the amount of trash produced smaller.≈ Synonym: cutting down on waste🇺🇿UZ: chiqindini kamaytirish🇷🇺RU: сокращение отходов and reusing itemsreuse an itemUsing something again instead of throwing it away.≈ Synonym: using things again🇺🇿UZ: buyumlarni qayta ishlatish🇷🇺RU: повторное использование вещей before recycling them are equally important steps. Neverthelessnevertheless (adv)However; despite this.≈ Synonym: however🇺🇿UZ: shunga qaramay🇷🇺RU: тем не менее, when done correctly, recycling truly turns everyday trash into valuable treasurevaluable treasureSomething precious and worth a lot.≈ Synonym: precious resource🇺🇿UZ: qimmatli boylik🇷🇺RU: ценное сокровище for the future.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (70–100 words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | throw awayphrasal verb | tashlab yubormoq | выбрасывать | Don't throw away old clothes — give them to charity. |
| 2 | enormous amount | juda katta miqdor | огромные объёмы | The festival produced an enormous amount of rubbish. |
| 3 | garbage | chiqindi, axlat | мусор | Please take out the garbage before you go to bed. |
| 4 | glassnoun | shisha | стекло | The table is made of glass. |
| 5 | landfill | chiqindixona | свалка | Most plastic waste ends up in a landfill. |
| 6 | collectverb | yig'ib olmoq | собирать, вывозить | Rubbish is collected every Tuesday. |
| 7 | process v. | qayta ishlangan | переработанный | Your application will be processed within ten days. |
| 8 | natural resource | tabiiy resurslar | природные ресурсы | Water is a precious natural resource. |
| 9 | momentnoun | lahza, payt | момент | I'm busy at the moment. |
| 10 | sort trash | axlatni saralaydi | сортирует мусор | In our building, we sort our trash into three bins. |
| 11 | bin | axlat qutilari | контейнеры, урны | Put the bottles in the green bin. |
| 12 | recycling facility | qayta ishlash korxonalari | предприятия по переработке | The new recycling facility can handle tonnes of plastic a day. |
| 13 | separate v. | ajratmoq | разделять | Separate the egg whites from the yolks. |
| 14 | pulp | sellyuloza massasi | целлюлозная масса | Old newspapers are turned into pulp. |
| 15 | reform | qayta shakllantirilgan | переформованный | The clay can be reformed into a new shape. |
| 16 | crush | maydalangan | раздроблённый | The machine crushes old cars into small blocks. |
| 17 | meltverb | eritmoq, erimoq | плавить, таять | The snow melted in the afternoon sun. |
| 18 | mold | shakl berilgan | отлитый в форму | The melted chocolate is molded into bars. |
| 19 | jarnoun | banka | банка | My mother keeps jam in glass jars. |
| 20 | complicated | murakkab | сложный | Recycling rules can be complicated. |
| 21 | shred | maydalab tilingan | измельчённый | Shred the old documents before you throw them away. |
| 22 | pellet | donachalar, granulalar | гранулы | The plastic is melted into small pellets. |
| 23 | manufacture | ishlab chiqarmoq | производить | The factory manufactures furniture from recycled wood. |
| 24 | clothing fiber | kiyim tolalari | текстильные волокна | Old bottles can be turned into clothing fibers. |
| 25 | aluminum | alyuminiy | алюминий | Drink cans are usually made of aluminum. |
| 26 | reuseverb | qayta foydalanmoq | использовать повторно | You can reuse this bag many times. |
| 27 | endlessly | cheksiz ravishda | бесконечно | The children talked endlessly about the trip. |
| 28 | extract | qazib olmoq, chiqarib olmoq | извлекать | Gold is extracted from the mountains near Navoi. |
| 29 | raw material | xom ashyo | сырьё | Cotton is an important raw material for clothes. |
| 30 | saveverb | tejamoq | экономить | Turning off the lights saves electricity. |
| 31 | lowerverb | pasaytirmoq | снижать | Exercise lowers the risk of heart disease. |
| 32 | greenhouse gas | issiqxona gazlari | парниковые газы | Cars and factories release greenhouse gases. |
| 33 | decompose | chirib, parchalanadi | разлагается | Leaves decompose and make the soil richer. |
| 34 | from scratch | noldan boshlab | с нуля | She baked the cake from scratch. |
| 35 | contaminated material | ifloslangan materiallar | загрязнённые материалы | Contaminated materials can't be recycled. |
| 36 | confusion | chalkashlik | путаница | There was some confusion about the meeting time. |
| 37 | reduce waste | chiqindini kamaytirish | сокращение отходов | Reducing waste is better than recycling it. |
| 38 | reuse an item | buyumlarni qayta ishlatish | повторное использование вещей | Reusing items like jars and bags saves money. |
| 39 | neverthelessadverb | shunga qaramay | тем не менее | It was raining. Nevertheless, we went out. |
| 40 | valuable treasure | qimmatli boylik | ценное сокровище | To a collector, old coins are valuable treasure. |