Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Sleep is something every person needs, yet many people do not get enough of it. On averageon averageUsed to describe what is typical or usual in general.≈ Synonym: typically🇺🇿UZ: o'rtacha hisobda🇷🇺RU: в среднем, adults should sleep between seven and nine hours each night, but millions of peoplemillions of peopleA very large number of people, in the tens of millions or more.≈ Synonym: a huge number of people🇺🇿UZ: millionlab odamlar🇷🇺RU: миллионы людей sleep much less. Sleep is not simply a time when the body and brain "switch offswitch offTo stop working or become inactive, like turning off a machine.≈ Synonym: shut down🇺🇿UZ: o'chirilmoq, ishlamay qolmoq🇷🇺RU: отключаться." In fact, while we sleep, many important processesprocess n.A series of actions that lead to a particular result.≈ Synonym: activities🇺🇿UZ: jarayonlar🇷🇺RU: процессы are taking place inside us.
During sleep, the brain moves through different stagesstageA separate period or step in a longer process.≈ Synonym: phases🇺🇿UZ: bosqichlar🇷🇺RU: стадии, including light sleep, deep sleep, and a stage called REM sleepREM sleepA stage of sleep with fast eye movement, when most dreams happen.≈ Synonym: dream sleep stage🇺🇿UZ: REM uyqu bosqichi🇷🇺RU: фаза быстрого сна (REM), when most dreamingdream v.Experiencing images and stories in the mind during sleep.≈ Synonym: having dreams🇺🇿UZ: tush ko'rish🇷🇺RU: сновидение happens. In deep sleep, the body repairs musclesrepair musclesTo fix or restore the body's muscles after damage or use.≈ Synonym: heals muscles🇺🇿UZ: mushaklarni tiklaydi🇷🇺RU: восстанавливает мышцы, strengthensstrengthenTo make something stronger.≈ Synonym: reinforces🇺🇿UZ: kuchaytiradi🇷🇺RU: укрепляет the immune systemimmune systemThe body's natural defense system against illness.≈ Synonym: body's defense system🇺🇿UZ: immun tizimi🇷🇺RU: иммунная система, and releases hormoneshormoneChemicals made by the body that control growth and other functions.≈ Synonym: body chemicals🇺🇿UZ: gormonlar🇷🇺RU: гормоны that help children and teenagers grow. Meanwhile, the brain uses this quiet time to clean out waste productswaste productUnwanted material left over after a process, that the body removes.≈ Synonym: byproducts🇺🇿UZ: chiqindi moddalar🇷🇺RU: продукты жизнедеятельности and organizeorganizeTo arrange things in an orderly, useful way.≈ Synonym: arrange🇺🇿UZ: tartibga solmoq🇷🇺RU: упорядочивать information from the day.
One of the most surprisingsurprisingCausing a feeling of surprise; unexpected.≈ Synonym: unexpected🇺🇿UZ: hayratlanarli🇷🇺RU: удивительный jobs of sleep is helping us learn and remember. When we sleep, the brain takes short-term memoriesshort-term memoryInformation the brain holds for only a short time.≈ Synonym: recent memories🇺🇿UZ: qisqa muddatli xotira🇷🇺RU: кратковременная память from the day and moves them into long-term storagelong-term storageA place or system where information is kept for a long time.≈ Synonym: permanent memory🇺🇿UZ: uzoq muddatli saqlash🇷🇺RU: долговременное хранение. This is why students who sleep well after studying often remember information better than those who stay up all night. Sleep also helps the brain solve problemssolve a problemTo find an answer or solution to a difficult situation.≈ Synonym: find solutions🇺🇿UZ: muammolarni hal qilmoq🇷🇺RU: решать проблемы and think more creativelycreative adv.In a way that involves new and original ideas.≈ Synonym: imaginatively🇺🇿UZ: ijodiy tarzda🇷🇺RU: творчески.
When people do not get enough sleep, the effects can appear quickly. A tired brain finds it harder to concentrateconcentrateTo give all your attention to one thing.≈ Synonym: focus🇺🇿UZ: diqqatni jamlamoq🇷🇺RU: концентрироваться, make decisions, and control emotionscontrol emotionsTo manage or keep feelings like anger and sadness in check.≈ Synonym: manage feelings🇺🇿UZ: hissiyotlarni boshqarmoq🇷🇺RU: контролировать эмоции. Long-term lack of sleeplack of sleepNot having enough sleep.≈ Synonym: sleep deprivation🇺🇿UZ: uyqu yetishmasligi🇷🇺RU: недостаток сна is linked to a weaker immune system, weight gainweight gainAn increase in a person's body weight.≈ Synonym: gaining weight🇺🇿UZ: vazn ortishi🇷🇺RU: увеличение веса, and a higher risk of serious health problems such as heart diseaseheart diseaseAn illness that affects the heart and how it works.≈ Synonym: cardiac illness🇺🇿UZ: yurak kasalligi🇷🇺RU: болезнь сердца. Even one bad night of sleep can affect moodmoodThe way a person feels at a particular time.≈ Synonym: emotional state🇺🇿UZ: kayfiyat🇷🇺RU: настроение and reaction timereaction timeHow quickly a person responds to something.≈ Synonym: response speed🇺🇿UZ: reaksiya vaqti🇷🇺RU: время реакции the next day.
Fortunately, simple habitshabitThings a person does regularly, often without thinking.≈ Synonym: routines🇺🇿UZ: odatlar🇷🇺RU: привычки can improve sleep qualitysleep qualityHow good or restful a person's sleep is.≈ Synonym: quality of rest🇺🇿UZ: uyqu sifati🇷🇺RU: качество сна. Going to bed at the same time every night, avoiding screensavoid screensStaying away from phones, TVs, and other electronic screens.≈ Synonym: staying off screens🇺🇿UZ: ekranlardan uzoq turish🇷🇺RU: избегание экранов before bed, and keeping the bedroombedroomThe room in a house where a person sleeps.≈ Synonym: sleeping room🇺🇿UZ: yotoqxona🇷🇺RU: спальня dark and quiet all help the body prepare for rest. Understanding the science of sleep shows that it is not wasted time — it is one of the most valuablevaluableVery useful or important.≈ Synonym: important🇺🇿UZ: qimmatli, foydali🇷🇺RU: ценный things we do for our health.