Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Sleep is something every person needs, yetyet (conj)But; even so.≈ Synonym: but🇺🇿UZ: lekin, biroq🇷🇺RU: но, однако many people do not get enoughenough (pron)As much as is needed.≈ Synonym: sufficient🇺🇿UZ: yetarli🇷🇺RU: достаточно of it. On averageon averageUsed to describe what is typical or usual in general.≈ Synonym: typically🇺🇿UZ: o'rtacha hisobda🇷🇺RU: в среднем, adults should sleep between seven and nine hours each night, but millions of peoplemillions of peopleA very large number of people, in the tens of millions or more.≈ Synonym: a huge number of people🇺🇿UZ: millionlab odamlar🇷🇺RU: миллионы людей sleep much less. Sleep is not simply a time when the body and brain "switch offswitch offTo stop working or become inactive, like turning off a machine.≈ Synonym: shut down🇺🇿UZ: o'chirilmoq, ishlamay qolmoq🇷🇺RU: отключаться." In fact, while we sleep, many important processesprocess n.A series of actions that lead to a particular result.≈ Synonym: activities🇺🇿UZ: jarayonlar🇷🇺RU: процессы are taking place inside us.
During sleep, the brain moves through different stagesstageA separate period or step in a longer process.≈ Synonym: phases🇺🇿UZ: bosqichlar🇷🇺RU: стадии, including light sleep, deep sleep, and a stage called REM sleepREM sleepA stage of sleep with fast eye movement, when most dreams happen.≈ Synonym: dream sleep stage🇺🇿UZ: REM uyqu bosqichi🇷🇺RU: фаза быстрого сна (REM), when most dreamingdream v.Experiencing images and stories in the mind during sleep.≈ Synonym: having dreams🇺🇿UZ: tush ko'rish🇷🇺RU: сновидение happens. In deep sleep, the body repairs musclesrepair musclesTo fix or restore the body's muscles after damage or use.≈ Synonym: heals muscles🇺🇿UZ: mushaklarni tiklaydi🇷🇺RU: восстанавливает мышцы, strengthensstrengthenTo make something stronger.≈ Synonym: reinforces🇺🇿UZ: kuchaytiradi🇷🇺RU: укрепляет the immune systemimmune systemThe body's natural defense system against illness.≈ Synonym: body's defense system🇺🇿UZ: immun tizimi🇷🇺RU: иммунная система, and releases hormoneshormoneChemicals made by the body that control growth and other functions.≈ Synonym: body chemicals🇺🇿UZ: gormonlar🇷🇺RU: гормоны that help children and teenagers grow. Meanwhilemeanwhile (adv)At the same time.≈ Synonym: at the same time🇺🇿UZ: shu vaqtda, ayni paytda🇷🇺RU: тем временем, the brain uses this quietquiet (adj)Making little or no noise.≈ Synonym: calm🇺🇿UZ: tinch, sokin🇷🇺RU: тихий time to clean out waste productswaste productUnwanted material left over after a process, that the body removes.≈ Synonym: byproducts🇺🇿UZ: chiqindi moddalar🇷🇺RU: продукты жизнедеятельности and organizeorganizeTo arrange things in an orderly, useful way.≈ Synonym: arrange🇺🇿UZ: tartibga solmoq🇷🇺RU: упорядочивать information from the day.
One of the most surprisingsurprisingCausing a feeling of surprise; unexpected.≈ Synonym: unexpected🇺🇿UZ: hayratlanarli🇷🇺RU: удивительный jobs of sleep is helping us learn and remember. When we sleep, the brain takes short-term memoriesshort-term memoryInformation the brain holds for only a short time.≈ Synonym: recent memories🇺🇿UZ: qisqa muddatli xotira🇷🇺RU: кратковременная память from the day and moves them into long-term storagelong-term storageA place or system where information is kept for a long time.≈ Synonym: permanent memory🇺🇿UZ: uzoq muddatli saqlash🇷🇺RU: долговременное хранение. This is why students who sleep well after studying often remember information better than those who stay upstay up (phrasal)To not go to bed.🇺🇿UZ: uxlamay o'tirmoq🇷🇺RU: не ложиться спать all night. Sleep also helps the brain solve problemssolve a problemTo find an answer or solution to a difficult situation.≈ Synonym: find solutions🇺🇿UZ: muammolarni hal qilmoq🇷🇺RU: решать проблемы and think more creativelycreative adv.In a way that involves new and original ideas.≈ Synonym: imaginatively🇺🇿UZ: ijodiy tarzda🇷🇺RU: творчески.
When people do not get enough sleep, the effects can appear quickly. A tired brain finds it harder to concentrateconcentrateTo give all your attention to one thing.≈ Synonym: focus🇺🇿UZ: diqqatni jamlamoq🇷🇺RU: концентрироваться, make decisions, and control emotionscontrol emotionsTo manage or keep feelings like anger and sadness in check.≈ Synonym: manage feelings🇺🇿UZ: hissiyotlarni boshqarmoq🇷🇺RU: контролировать эмоции. Long-term lack of sleeplack of sleepNot having enough sleep.≈ Synonym: sleep deprivation🇺🇿UZ: uyqu yetishmasligi🇷🇺RU: недостаток сна is linkedlink (verb)To connect two things.≈ Synonym: connect🇺🇿UZ: bog'lamoq🇷🇺RU: связывать to a weaker immune system, weight gainweight gainAn increase in a person's body weight.≈ Synonym: gaining weight🇺🇿UZ: vazn ortishi🇷🇺RU: увеличение веса, and a higher riskrisk (noun)The chance that something bad will happen.≈ Synonym: danger🇺🇿UZ: xavf🇷🇺RU: риск of serious health problems such as heart diseaseheart diseaseAn illness that affects the heart and how it works.≈ Synonym: cardiac illness🇺🇿UZ: yurak kasalligi🇷🇺RU: болезнь сердца. Even one bad night of sleep can affect moodmoodThe way a person feels at a particular time.≈ Synonym: emotional state🇺🇿UZ: kayfiyat🇷🇺RU: настроение and reaction timereaction timeHow quickly a person responds to something.≈ Synonym: response speed🇺🇿UZ: reaksiya vaqti🇷🇺RU: время реакции the next day.
Fortunatelyfortunately (adv)Luckily.≈ Synonym: luckily🇺🇿UZ: baxtga, xayriyatki🇷🇺RU: к счастью, simple habitshabitThings a person does regularly, often without thinking.≈ Synonym: routines🇺🇿UZ: odatlar🇷🇺RU: привычки can improve sleep qualitysleep qualityHow good or restful a person's sleep is.≈ Synonym: quality of rest🇺🇿UZ: uyqu sifati🇷🇺RU: качество сна. Going to bed at the same time every night, avoiding screensavoid screensStaying away from phones, TVs, and other electronic screens.≈ Synonym: staying off screens🇺🇿UZ: ekranlardan uzoq turish🇷🇺RU: избегание экранов before bed, and keeping the bedroombedroomThe room in a house where a person sleeps.≈ Synonym: sleeping room🇺🇿UZ: yotoqxona🇷🇺RU: спальня dark and quiet all help the body prepareprepare (verb)To get ready.≈ Synonym: get ready🇺🇿UZ: tayyorlanmoq🇷🇺RU: готовить(ся) for rest. Understanding the science of sleep shows that it is not wastedwasted (adj)Not used well.🇺🇿UZ: behuda🇷🇺RU: потраченный впустую time — it is one of the most valuablevaluableVery useful or important.≈ Synonym: important🇺🇿UZ: qimmatli, foydali🇷🇺RU: ценный things we do for our health.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (70–100 words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | yetconjunction | lekin, biroq | но, однако | The test was hard, yet everyone passed. |
| 2 | enoughpronoun | yetarli | достаточно | Do you have enough money for the taxi? |
| 3 | on average | o'rtacha hisobda | в среднем | On average, I spend two hours a day on my phone. |
| 4 | millions of people | millionlab odamlar | миллионы людей | Millions of people visit Samarkand every year. |
| 5 | switch off | o'chirilmoq, ishlamay qolmoq | отключаться | Please switch off the lights when you leave. |
| 6 | process n. | jarayonlar | процессы | Digestion is a slow process. |
| 7 | stage | bosqichlar | стадии | The project is still in its early stages. |
| 8 | REM sleep | REM uyqu bosqichi | фаза быстрого сна (REM) | Most vivid dreams happen during REM sleep. |
| 9 | dream v. | tush ko'rish | сновидение | Last night I dreamed that I could fly. |
| 10 | repair muscles | mushaklarni tiklaydi | восстанавливает мышцы | Protein helps your body repair muscles after exercise. |
| 11 | strengthen | kuchaytiradi | укрепляет | Swimming strengthens your back. |
| 12 | immune system | immun tizimi | иммунная система | Vitamin C may help your immune system. |
| 13 | hormone | gormonlar | гормоны | Stress hormones can keep you awake at night. |
| 14 | meanwhileadverb | shu vaqtda, ayni paytda | тем временем | I cooked dinner. Meanwhile, my brother cleaned the room. |
| 15 | quietadjective | tinch, sokin | тихий | The library is a quiet place to study. |
| 16 | waste product | chiqindi moddalar | продукты жизнедеятельности | The kidneys remove waste products from the blood. |
| 17 | organize | tartibga solmoq | упорядочивать | Let's organize our notes before the exam. |
| 18 | surprising | hayratlanarli | удивительный | It's surprising how fast children grow. |
| 19 | short-term memory | qisqa muddatli xotira | кратковременная память | My short-term memory is terrible — I forget names immediately. |
| 20 | long-term storage | uzoq muddatli saqlash | долговременное хранение | Old photos are kept in long-term storage in the museum. |
| 21 | stay upphrasal verb | uxlamay o'tirmoq | не ложиться спать | We stayed up late to watch the match. |
| 22 | solve a problem | muammolarni hal qilmoq | решать проблемы | Talking to friends can help you solve problems. |
| 23 | creative adv. | ijodiy tarzda | творчески | She thinks creatively and always has new ideas. |
| 24 | concentrate | diqqatni jamlamoq | концентрироваться | I can't concentrate when I'm hungry. |
| 25 | control emotions | hissiyotlarni boshqarmoq | контролировать эмоции | Young children find it hard to control emotions. |
| 26 | lack of sleep | uyqu yetishmasligi | недостаток сна | Lack of sleep makes me irritable. |
| 27 | linkverb | bog'lamoq | связывать | Smoking is linked to many diseases. |
| 28 | weight gain | vazn ortishi | увеличение веса | Eating late at night can lead to weight gain. |
| 29 | risknoun | xavf | риск | Driving fast increases the risk of an accident. |
| 30 | heart disease | yurak kasalligi | болезнь сердца | Smoking increases the risk of heart disease. |
| 31 | mood | kayfiyat | настроение | Sunny weather always puts me in a good mood. |
| 32 | reaction time | reaksiya vaqti | время реакции | Tired drivers have a slower reaction time. |
| 33 | fortunatelyadverb | baxtga, xayriyatki | к счастью | Fortunately, nobody was hurt. |
| 34 | habit | odatlar | привычки | Reading before bed is a good habit. |
| 35 | sleep quality | uyqu sifati | качество сна | A cool, dark room improves sleep quality. |
| 36 | avoid screens | ekranlardan uzoq turish | избегание экранов | Try avoiding screens for an hour before bed. |
| 37 | bedroom | yotoqxona | спальня | My bedroom is on the second floor. |
| 38 | prepareverb | tayyorlanmoq | готовить(ся) | I need to prepare for my interview. |
| 39 | wastedadjective | behuda | потраченный впустую | Waiting in traffic feels like wasted time. |
| 40 | valuable | qimmatli, foydali | ценный | Thank you for your valuable advice. |