Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Volcanoes are openingsopening (noun)Gaps or holes that allow something to pass through.≈ Synonym: gaps🇺🇿UZ: teshiklar, ochiqliklar🇷🇺RU: отверстия in the Earth's crustEarth's crustThe hard, outer layer of the Earth.≈ Synonym: outer layer of Earth🇺🇿UZ: yer qobig'i🇷🇺RU: земная кора through which melted rockmelted rockRock that has become liquid because of extreme heat.≈ Synonym: molten rock🇺🇿UZ: erigan tosh🇷🇺RU: расплавленная порода, gas, and ashash (noun)Fine grey powder left after something burns or after a volcanic eruption.≈ Synonym: volcanic dust🇺🇿UZ: kul🇷🇺RU: пепел can escapeescape (verb)To get out of a place.≈ Synonym: get away🇺🇿UZ: chiqib ketmoq, qochmoq🇷🇺RU: вырываться, убегать from deep undergroundunderground (adv)Beneath the surface of the Earth.≈ Synonym: below the surface🇺🇿UZ: yer ostida🇷🇺RU: под землёй. There are more than 1,500 active volcanoesactive volcanoVolcanoes that can still erupt.≈ Synonym: erupting volcanoes🇺🇿UZ: faol vulqonlar🇷🇺RU: действующие вулканы on Earth, and many more lie hiddenhidden (adj)Not easy to see or find.≈ Synonym: secret🇺🇿UZ: yashirin🇷🇺RU: скрытый beneathbeneath (prep)Under; below.≈ Synonym: under🇺🇿UZ: ostida🇷🇺RU: под the ocean. While they can be destructivedestructive (adj)Causing great damage.≈ Synonym: damaging🇺🇿UZ: vayronkor🇷🇺RU: разрушительный, volcanoes are also a natural part of how our planet renewsrenew (verb)Makes something new or fresh again.≈ Synonym: refreshes🇺🇿UZ: yangilaydi🇷🇺RU: обновляет itself.
Deep inside the Earth, intense heatintense heatExtremely strong and powerful heat.≈ Synonym: extreme heat🇺🇿UZ: kuchli issiqlik🇷🇺RU: сильный жар and pressurepressure (noun)A force pushing against something.≈ Synonym: force🇺🇿UZ: bosim🇷🇺RU: давление melt rock into a liquidliquid (noun)A substance like water that flows.≈ Synonym: fluid🇺🇿UZ: suyuqlik🇷🇺RU: жидкость called magmamagma (noun)Hot, liquid rock found beneath the Earth's surface.≈ Synonym: molten rock underground🇺🇿UZ: magma🇷🇺RU: магма. Magma is lighter than the solidsolid (adj)Hard; not liquid or gas.≈ Synonym: hard🇺🇿UZ: qattiq🇷🇺RU: твёрдый rock around it, so it slowly rises toward the surface. When enough pressure builds up, the magma forces its way through crackscrack (noun)Narrow openings or splits in a surface.≈ Synonym: fissures🇺🇿UZ: yoriqlar🇷🇺RU: трещины in the crust, and an eruptioneruption (noun)A sudden, violent release of lava, ash, and gas from a volcano.≈ Synonym: volcanic explosion🇺🇿UZ: otilish, portlash🇷🇺RU: извержение occursoccur (verb)To happen.≈ Synonym: happen🇺🇿UZ: sodir bo'lmoq🇷🇺RU: происходить. Once magma reaches the surface, it is called lavalava (noun)Hot, liquid rock that has reached the Earth's surface.≈ Synonym: molten surface rock🇺🇿UZ: lava🇷🇺RU: лава.
Volcanic eruptions can be extremely dangerous. Fast-moving lava, thick clouds of ash, and toxic gasestoxic gasPoisonous gases that can harm living things.≈ Synonym: poisonous gases🇺🇿UZ: zaharli gazlar🇷🇺RU: токсичные газы can destroy everything in their pathpath (noun)The direction in which something moves.≈ Synonym: way🇺🇿UZ: yo'l🇷🇺RU: путь. Some eruptions are so powerful that they send ash high into the atmosphereatmosphere (noun)The layer of gases surrounding the Earth.≈ Synonym: air layer🇺🇿UZ: atmosfera🇷🇺RU: атмосфера, affecting air travelair travelTraveling by airplane.≈ Synonym: flying🇺🇿UZ: havo transporti🇷🇺RU: воздушные перелёты and even changing weather patternsweather patternThe typical way weather behaves in a place over time.≈ Synonym: climate trends🇺🇿UZ: ob-havo naqshlari🇷🇺RU: погодные условия for months. Communities living near active volcanoes must always be preparedprepared (adj)Ready for something.≈ Synonym: ready🇺🇿UZ: tayyor🇷🇺RU: готовый to evacuateevacuate (verb)To leave a dangerous place quickly for safety.≈ Synonym: leave for safety🇺🇿UZ: evakuatsiya qilinmoq🇷🇺RU: эвакуироваться quickly.
Despite these dangers, volcanoes also bring real benefits. Volcanic ash breaks down over time into extremely fertile soilfertile soilSoil that is rich in nutrients and good for growing plants.≈ Synonym: rich soil🇺🇿UZ: unumdor tuproq🇷🇺RU: плодородная почва, which is why many farmers choose to live and grow cropscrop (noun)Plants grown by farmers for food or other uses.≈ Synonym: cultivated plants🇺🇿UZ: ekinlar🇷🇺RU: урожай, культуры near volcanoes. In addition, the intense heat underground can be used to generategenerate (verb)To produce energy or power.≈ Synonym: produce🇺🇿UZ: ishlab chiqarmoq🇷🇺RU: производить, вырабатывать geothermal energygeothermal energyEnergy produced using heat from inside the Earth.≈ Synonym: earth-heat power🇺🇿UZ: geotermal energiya🇷🇺RU: геотермальная энергия, a clean and renewablerenewable (adj)Able to be naturally replaced and never run out.≈ Synonym: sustainable🇺🇿UZ: qayta tiklanuvchan🇷🇺RU: возобновляемый power sourcepower sourceSomething that supplies energy.≈ Synonym: energy supply🇺🇿UZ: energiya manbai🇷🇺RU: источник энергии used in countries like Iceland.
Scientists continue to study volcanoes closelyclosely (adv)Carefully and with attention.≈ Synonym: carefully🇺🇿UZ: diqqat bilan, sinchiklab🇷🇺RU: внимательно, тщательно, using sensorssensor (noun)Devices that detect changes and send information.≈ Synonym: detection devices🇺🇿UZ: sensorlar🇷🇺RU: датчики to monitormonitor (verb)To watch and check something regularly.≈ Synonym: observe closely🇺🇿UZ: kuzatib bormoq🇷🇺RU: отслеживать changes in gas levels, ground movementground movementShaking or shifting of the Earth's surface.≈ Synonym: earth shifting🇺🇿UZ: yer harakati🇷🇺RU: движение земной поверхности, and temperature. This research helps predictpredict (verb)To say what will happen before it happens.≈ Synonym: forecast🇺🇿UZ: bashorat qilmoq🇷🇺RU: предсказывать eruptions and protect nearby communitiescommunity (noun)Groups of people living in the same area.≈ Synonym: populations🇺🇿UZ: jamoalar🇷🇺RU: сообщества. Volcanoes remind us that even the most destructive forces of nature can also create and sustainsustain (verb)To keep something going or alive over time.≈ Synonym: support🇺🇿UZ: qo'llab-quvvatlamoq, saqlab qolmoq🇷🇺RU: поддерживать life.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (70–100 words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | openingnoun | teshiklar, ochiqliklar | отверстия | The cat escaped through a small opening in the fence. |
| 2 | Earth's crust | yer qobig'i | земная кора | Earthquakes happen when the Earth's crust moves. |
| 3 | melted rock | erigan tosh | расплавленная порода | Lava is melted rock that comes out of a volcano. |
| 4 | ashnoun | kul | пепел | The fire left nothing but ash. |
| 5 | escapeverb | chiqib ketmoq, qochmoq | вырываться, убегать | Gas escaped from the broken pipe. |
| 6 | undergroundadverb | yer ostida | под землёй | The metro runs underground for most of the route. |
| 7 | active volcano | faol vulqonlar | действующие вулканы | Japan has more than a hundred active volcanoes. |
| 8 | hiddenadjective | yashirin | скрытый | There is a hidden door behind the bookcase. |
| 9 | beneathpreposition | ostida | под | The keys were beneath the newspaper. |
| 10 | destructiveadjective | vayronkor | разрушительный | The earthquake was one of the most destructive in history. |
| 11 | renewverb | yangilaydi | обновляет | I need to renew my passport before the trip. |
| 12 | intense heat | kuchli issiqlik | сильный жар | The intense heat made it impossible to work outside. |
| 13 | pressurenoun | bosim | давление | Students are under a lot of pressure before exams. |
| 14 | liquidnoun | suyuqlik | жидкость | You can't take any liquid on the plane. |
| 15 | magmanoun | magma | магма | Magma collects in a chamber under the volcano. |
| 16 | solidadjective | qattiq | твёрдый | Ice is water in a solid form. |
| 17 | cracknoun | yoriqlar | трещины | Water came in through a crack in the roof. |
| 18 | eruptionnoun | otilish, portlash | извержение | The eruption covered the town in ash. |
| 19 | occurverb | sodir bo'lmoq | происходить | Earthquakes occur often in this region. |
| 20 | lavanoun | lava | лава | Hot lava flowed slowly down the mountain. |
| 21 | toxic gas | zaharli gazlar | токсичные газы | The factory leak released toxic gas into the air. |
| 22 | pathnoun | yo'l | путь | A big tree fell in the path of the car. |
| 23 | atmospherenoun | atmosfera | атмосфера | There was a friendly atmosphere at the party. |
| 24 | air travel | havo transporti | воздушные перелёты | Air travel has become much cheaper in recent years. |
| 25 | weather pattern | ob-havo naqshlari | погодные условия | Scientists study weather patterns to make forecasts. |
| 26 | preparedadjective | tayyor | готовый | Are you prepared for tomorrow's test? |
| 27 | evacuateverb | evakuatsiya qilinmoq | эвакуироваться | Thousands of people were evacuated before the flood. |
| 28 | fertile soil | unumdor tuproq | плодородная почва | The Fergana Valley is famous for its fertile soil. |
| 29 | cropnoun | ekinlar | урожай, культуры | Cotton is the main crop in this region. |
| 30 | generateverb | ishlab chiqarmoq | производить, вырабатывать | Solar panels generate electricity from sunlight. |
| 31 | geothermal energy | geotermal energiya | геотермальная энергия | Iceland heats most of its homes with geothermal energy. |
| 32 | renewableadjective | qayta tiklanuvchan | возобновляемый | Solar power is a renewable source of energy. |
| 33 | power source | energiya manbai | источник энергии | The sun is the main power source for these lamps. |
| 34 | closelyadverb | diqqat bilan, sinchiklab | внимательно, тщательно | The teacher watched the students closely. |
| 35 | sensornoun | sensorlar | датчики | The door has a sensor that opens it automatically. |
| 36 | monitorverb | kuzatib bormoq | отслеживать | Nurses monitor the patient's heart rate all night. |
| 37 | ground movement | yer harakati | движение земной поверхности | Scientists measure ground movement to detect earthquakes. |
| 38 | predictverb | bashorat qilmoq | предсказывать | Nobody can predict the future. |
| 39 | communitynoun | jamoalar | сообщества | The whole community came to the wedding. |
| 40 | sustainverb | qo'llab-quvvatlamoq, saqlab qolmoq | поддерживать | We need enough food to sustain us during the hike. |