Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
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Volcanoes are openingsopening (noun)Gaps or holes that allow something to pass through.≈ Synonym: gaps🇺🇿UZ: teshiklar, ochiqliklar🇷🇺RU: отверстия in the Earth's crustEarth's crustThe hard, outer layer of the Earth.≈ Synonym: outer layer of Earth🇺🇿UZ: yer qobig'i🇷🇺RU: земная кора through which melted rockmelted rockRock that has become liquid because of extreme heat.≈ Synonym: molten rock🇺🇿UZ: erigan tosh🇷🇺RU: расплавленная порода, gas, and ashash (noun)Fine grey powder left after something burns or after a volcanic eruption.≈ Synonym: volcanic dust🇺🇿UZ: kul🇷🇺RU: пепел can escape from deep undergroundunderground (adv)Beneath the surface of the Earth.≈ Synonym: below the surface🇺🇿UZ: yer ostida🇷🇺RU: под землёй. There are more than 1,500 active volcanoesactive volcanoVolcanoes that can still erupt.≈ Synonym: erupting volcanoes🇺🇿UZ: faol vulqonlar🇷🇺RU: действующие вулканы on Earth, and many more lie hidden beneath the ocean. While they can be destructivedestructive (adj)Causing great damage.≈ Synonym: damaging🇺🇿UZ: vayronkor🇷🇺RU: разрушительный, volcanoes are also a natural part of how our planet renewsrenew (verb)Makes something new or fresh again.≈ Synonym: refreshes🇺🇿UZ: yangilaydi🇷🇺RU: обновляет itself.
Deep inside the Earth, intense heatintense heatExtremely strong and powerful heat.≈ Synonym: extreme heat🇺🇿UZ: kuchli issiqlik🇷🇺RU: сильный жар and pressurepressure (noun)A force pushing against something.≈ Synonym: force🇺🇿UZ: bosim🇷🇺RU: давление melt rock into a liquid called magmamagma (noun)Hot, liquid rock found beneath the Earth's surface.≈ Synonym: molten rock underground🇺🇿UZ: magma🇷🇺RU: магма. Magma is lighter than the solid rock around it, so it slowly rises toward the surface. When enough pressure builds up, the magma forces its way through crackscrack (noun)Narrow openings or splits in a surface.≈ Synonym: fissures🇺🇿UZ: yoriqlar🇷🇺RU: трещины in the crust, and an eruptioneruption (noun)A sudden, violent release of lava, ash, and gas from a volcano.≈ Synonym: volcanic explosion🇺🇿UZ: otilish, portlash🇷🇺RU: извержение occurs. Once magma reaches the surface, it is called lavalava (noun)Hot, liquid rock that has reached the Earth's surface.≈ Synonym: molten surface rock🇺🇿UZ: lava🇷🇺RU: лава.
Volcanic eruptions can be extremely dangerous. Fast-moving lava, thick clouds of ash, and toxic gasestoxic gasPoisonous gases that can harm living things.≈ Synonym: poisonous gases🇺🇿UZ: zaharli gazlar🇷🇺RU: токсичные газы can destroy everything in their path. Some eruptions are so powerful that they send ash high into the atmosphereatmosphere (noun)The layer of gases surrounding the Earth.≈ Synonym: air layer🇺🇿UZ: atmosfera🇷🇺RU: атмосфера, affecting air travelair travelTraveling by airplane.≈ Synonym: flying🇺🇿UZ: havo transporti🇷🇺RU: воздушные перелёты and even changing weather patternsweather patternThe typical way weather behaves in a place over time.≈ Synonym: climate trends🇺🇿UZ: ob-havo naqshlari🇷🇺RU: погодные условия for months. Communities living near active volcanoes must always be prepared to evacuateevacuate (verb)To leave a dangerous place quickly for safety.≈ Synonym: leave for safety🇺🇿UZ: evakuatsiya qilinmoq🇷🇺RU: эвакуироваться quickly.
Despite these dangers, volcanoes also bring real benefits. Volcanic ash breaks down over time into extremely fertile soilfertile soilSoil that is rich in nutrients and good for growing plants.≈ Synonym: rich soil🇺🇿UZ: unumdor tuproq🇷🇺RU: плодородная почва, which is why many farmers choose to live and grow cropscrop (noun)Plants grown by farmers for food or other uses.≈ Synonym: cultivated plants🇺🇿UZ: ekinlar🇷🇺RU: урожай, культуры near volcanoes. In addition, the intense heat underground can be used to generate geothermal energygeothermal energyEnergy produced using heat from inside the Earth.≈ Synonym: earth-heat power🇺🇿UZ: geotermal energiya🇷🇺RU: геотермальная энергия, a clean and renewablerenewable (adj)Able to be naturally replaced and never run out.≈ Synonym: sustainable🇺🇿UZ: qayta tiklanuvchan🇷🇺RU: возобновляемый power sourcepower sourceSomething that supplies energy.≈ Synonym: energy supply🇺🇿UZ: energiya manbai🇷🇺RU: источник энергии used in countries like Iceland.
Scientists continue to study volcanoes closely, using sensorssensor (noun)Devices that detect changes and send information.≈ Synonym: detection devices🇺🇿UZ: sensorlar🇷🇺RU: датчики to monitormonitor (verb)To watch and check something regularly.≈ Synonym: observe closely🇺🇿UZ: kuzatib bormoq🇷🇺RU: отслеживать changes in gas levels, ground movementground movementShaking or shifting of the Earth's surface.≈ Synonym: earth shifting🇺🇿UZ: yer harakati🇷🇺RU: движение земной поверхности, and temperature. This research helps predictpredict (verb)To say what will happen before it happens.≈ Synonym: forecast🇺🇿UZ: bashorat qilmoq🇷🇺RU: предсказывать eruptions and protect nearby communitiescommunity (noun)Groups of people living in the same area.≈ Synonym: populations🇺🇿UZ: jamoalar🇷🇺RU: сообщества. Volcanoes remind us that even the most destructive forces of nature can also create and sustainsustain (verb)To keep something going or alive over time.≈ Synonym: support🇺🇿UZ: qo'llab-quvvatlamoq, saqlab qolmoq🇷🇺RU: поддерживать life.