Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Globalisation is a word that we hear often in news reportsnews reportStories on the news about recent events.≈ Synonym: news stories🇺🇿UZ: yangiliklar sharhi, xabarlar🇷🇺RU: новостные сообщения, school books, and even in daily conversationsconversation (noun)Talks between two or more people.≈ Synonym: talks🇺🇿UZ: suhbatlar🇷🇺RU: разговоры. But what does it really mean? Simply put, globalisation describes the way the world is becoming more connectedconnected (adj)Joined or linked together.≈ Synonym: linked🇺🇿UZ: bog'langan, aloqador🇷🇺RU: связанный through tradetrade (noun)The activity of buying and selling goods or services.≈ Synonym: commerce🇺🇿UZ: savdo🇷🇺RU: торговля, travel, technology, and communicationcommunication (noun)The sharing of information between people, often using technology.≈ Synonym: exchange of information🇺🇿UZ: aloqa, kommunikatsiya🇷🇺RU: связь, коммуникация. People, ideas, goodsgoods (noun)Things that are made to be sold.≈ Synonym: products🇺🇿UZ: tovarlar, mahsulotlar🇷🇺RU: товары, and servicesservice (noun)Work done by one person or company to help another, not a physical product.≈ Synonym: work provided🇺🇿UZ: xizmatlar🇷🇺RU: услуги now move across bordersborder (noun)Lines that separate one country from another.≈ Synonym: frontiers🇺🇿UZ: chegaralar🇷🇺RU: границы more easily than ever before.
In the past, most people lived and worked in small communitiescommunity (noun)Groups of people living in the same area.≈ Synonym: local groups🇺🇿UZ: jamoalar, mahallalar🇷🇺RU: сообщества, общины. They ate food that was grown nearby, wore clothes made locallylocallyIn or near the place where someone lives.≈ Synonym: nearby🇺🇿UZ: mahalliy tarzda🇷🇺RU: на местном уровне, and rarelyrarelyNot often; seldom.≈ Synonym: seldom🇺🇿UZ: kamdan-kam, kam hollarda🇷🇺RU: редко travelled far from home. Today, things are very different. Many of the itemsitem (noun)Individual things, especially ones on a list or for sale.≈ Synonym: things🇺🇿UZ: buyumlar, narsalar🇷🇺RU: предметы, вещи we use every day come from other countries. For example, your mobile phone might be designeddesign (verb)Planned and created for a particular purpose.≈ Synonym: created🇺🇿UZ: loyihalashtirilgan🇷🇺RU: спроектирован, разработан in the United States, made in China, and containcontain (verb)To have something inside.≈ Synonym: include🇺🇿UZ: tarkibida bo'lmoq🇷🇺RU: содержать parts from Germany or South Korea. The fruit you eat at breakfast could come from South America, while your clothes may be made in Bangladesh or Vietnam.
One of the main driversdriver (noun)Things that cause or push forward a process or change.≈ Synonym: driving forces🇺🇿UZ: harakatlantiruvchi kuchlar, sabablar🇷🇺RU: движущие силы of globalisation is trade. Thanks to modern ships, planes, and trucks, goods can be moved quickly and cheaply across long distancesdistance (noun)The amount of space between two places.≈ Synonym: spans🇺🇿UZ: masofalar🇷🇺RU: расстояния. At the same time, the internet and new technologiestechnology (noun)Scientific tools, methods, or knowledge used to do practical things.≈ Synonym: tech tools🇺🇿UZ: texnologiyalar🇷🇺RU: технологии make it easy for companiescompany (noun)Businesses that sell goods or services.≈ Synonym: businesses🇺🇿UZ: kompaniyalar🇷🇺RU: компании to do business around the world. For example, a small business in Africa can sell productsproduct (noun)Items made to be sold.≈ Synonym: goods🇺🇿UZ: mahsulotlar🇷🇺RU: продукты, товары online to customers in Europe or America.
Globalisation has also made travel easier and faster. Today, millions of people cross international borders each year to work, study, or go on holiday. This movementmovement (noun)The action of people or things moving from one place to another.≈ Synonym: migration🇺🇿UZ: harakat, ko'chish🇷🇺RU: движение, перемещение of people helps to spreadspread (verb)To make something reach and affect a larger area or more people.≈ Synonym: disseminate🇺🇿UZ: tarqalmoq, yoyilmoq🇷🇺RU: распространять(ся) ideas and culturesculture (noun)The customs, beliefs, and way of life of particular groups of people.≈ Synonym: traditions🇺🇿UZ: madaniyatlar🇷🇺RU: культуры. A restaurant in London might serveserve (verb)To provide food or a service to someone.≈ Synonym: provide🇺🇿UZ: xizmat ko'rsatmoq, taqdim etmoq🇷🇺RU: подавать, обслуживать food from India, while a shop in Tokyo might sell American jeans or Italian coffee.
There are many benefits of globalisation. It gives people accessaccess (noun)The chance or right to use or get something.≈ Synonym: availability🇺🇿UZ: kirish imkoniyati🇷🇺RU: доступ to a wider varietywider varietyA larger number of different kinds of something.≈ Synonym: broader range🇺🇿UZ: kengroq turdagi, xilma-xillik🇷🇺RU: более широкий ассортимент of goods and services, often at lower prices. It helps create jobs, especially in developing countriesdeveloping countryCountries that are working to build stronger economies and industries.≈ Synonym: emerging economies🇺🇿UZ: rivojlanayotgan davlatlar🇷🇺RU: развивающиеся страны where companies set up factoriesfactory (noun)Buildings where goods are made in large numbers using machines.≈ Synonym: plants🇺🇿UZ: fabrikalar, zavodlar🇷🇺RU: фабрики, заводы or offices. Globalisation can also bring people closer togethercloser togetherNearer to each other, more united.≈ Synonym: more united🇺🇿UZ: bir-biriga yaqinroq🇷🇺RU: ближе друг к другу by allowing us to learn about other cultures and ways of life.
However, globalisation also brings challenges. Some people worry that it can harm local businesses that cannot competecompete (verb)To try to be more successful than others in the same market.≈ Synonym: rival🇺🇿UZ: raqobatlashmoq🇷🇺RU: конкурировать with large international companies. Others are concernedconcerned (adj)Worried about something.≈ Synonym: worried🇺🇿UZ: xavotirda, tashvishlangan🇷🇺RU: обеспокоенный about workers being treated unfairlytreated unfairlyNot given fair or just treatment.≈ Synonym: mistreated🇺🇿UZ: adolatsiz munosabatda bo'lish🇷🇺RU: несправедливое обращение in factories in poor countries. There are also fearsfear (noun)Feelings of worry that something bad might happen.≈ Synonym: worries🇺🇿UZ: qo'rquvlar, xavotirlar🇷🇺RU: опасения that globalisation can damage the environment because goods have to be transportedtransport (verb)Moved from one place to another.≈ Synonym: moved🇺🇿UZ: tashildi, olib borildi🇷🇺RU: перевезены, транспортированы over long distances, using energy and producing pollution.
In conclusion, globalisation is a powerful force that is changing the world in many ways. It offers new opportunitiesopportunity (noun)Chances to do something good or beneficial.≈ Synonym: chances🇺🇿UZ: imkoniyatlar🇷🇺RU: возможности but also creates new problems that people, businesses, and governments need to think about carefully.