Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Writing is one of the most important inventionsinvention (noun)Things created or designed for the first time.≈ Synonym: creations🇺🇿UZ: ixtirolar🇷🇺RU: изобретения in humanhuman (adj)Relating to people.🇺🇿UZ: insoniy, inson🇷🇺RU: человеческий history. Before writing, people could only shareshare (verb)To give information or ideas to other people.≈ Synonym: pass on🇺🇿UZ: bo'lishmoq, ulashmoq🇷🇺RU: делиться ideas by speaking or using picturespicture (noun)A drawing, painting or photo.≈ Synonym: image🇺🇿UZ: rasm🇷🇺RU: картинка, рисунок. This workedwork (verb)To be successful; to have the result you want.≈ Synonym: succeed🇺🇿UZ: ish bermoq, natija bermoq🇷🇺RU: работать, срабатывать well for simple messages, but it was hard to remember everything. People needed a better way to recordrecord (verb)To write down information so it can be used or seen later.≈ Synonym: write down🇺🇿UZ: yozib qo'ymoq, qayd etmoq🇷🇺RU: записывать informationinformation (noun)Facts or details about something.≈ Synonym: facts🇺🇿UZ: ma'lumot🇷🇺RU: информация, and this is how writing beganbegin (verb)Started to exist or happen.≈ Synonym: started🇺🇿UZ: boshlandi🇷🇺RU: началось.
The first writing systemssystem (noun)Organized sets of methods or rules for doing something.≈ Synonym: methods🇺🇿UZ: tizimlar🇷🇺RU: системы appearedappear (verb)Came into existence or became visible for the first time.≈ Synonym: emerged🇺🇿UZ: paydo bo'ldi🇷🇺RU: появились over 5,000 years ago. One of the oldestold (adj)Existing for the longest amount of time.≈ Synonym: most ancient🇺🇿UZ: eng qadimgi🇷🇺RU: самый древний was used in ancientancient (adj)Belonging to a time very long ago.≈ Synonym: very old🇺🇿UZ: qadimiy🇷🇺RU: древний Mesopotamia, where people wrote on clay tabletsclay tabletFlat pieces of dried clay used for writing in ancient times.≈ Synonym: clay writing boards🇺🇿UZ: loydan yasalgan taxtachalar🇷🇺RU: глиняные таблички using a tooltool (noun)An object you hold and use to do a particular job.≈ Synonym: instrument🇺🇿UZ: asbob🇷🇺RU: инструмент called a stylusstylus (noun)A pointed tool used for writing or scratching marks onto a surface.≈ Synonym: writing tool🇺🇿UZ: yozuv tayoqchasi🇷🇺RU: стило. Their writing was made up of small marksmark (noun)Small lines, dots, or shapes made on a surface.≈ Synonym: symbols🇺🇿UZ: belgilar🇷🇺RU: знаки, отметки and shapes. Around the same time, the ancient Egyptians createdcreate (verb)To make something new.≈ Synonym: make🇺🇿UZ: yaratmoq🇷🇺RU: создавать hieroglyphicshieroglyphics (noun)A writing system that uses pictures and symbols, used in ancient Egypt.≈ Synonym: picture writing🇺🇿UZ: ierogliflar🇷🇺RU: иероглифы. These were pictures that showed objectsobject (noun)Things that can be seen and touched.≈ Synonym: things🇺🇿UZ: narsalar, buyumlar🇷🇺RU: предметы, ideas, or sounds.
Writing made it possiblepossible (adj)Able to happen, exist, or be done.≈ Synonym: achievable🇺🇿UZ: mumkin bo'lgan🇷🇺RU: возможный to keep recordsrecord (verb)To write down information so it can be used or seen later.≈ Synonym: write down🇺🇿UZ: yozib qo'ymoq, qayd etmoq🇷🇺RU: записывать of tradetrade (noun)The activity of buying and selling goods.≈ Synonym: commerce🇺🇿UZ: savdo🇷🇺RU: торговля, lawslaw (noun)Official rules made by a government that people must follow.≈ Synonym: rules🇺🇿UZ: qonunlar🇷🇺RU: законы, and stories. It helped people remember important factsfact (noun)Pieces of information known to be true.≈ Synonym: information🇺🇿UZ: faktlar🇷🇺RU: факты and share knowledge with others. For example, ancient kingsking (noun)Male rulers of a country, usually inheriting the position.≈ Synonym: monarchs🇺🇿UZ: shohlar, podshohlar🇷🇺RU: короли used writing to give ordersorder (noun)Official instructions to do something.≈ Synonym: commands🇺🇿UZ: buyruqlar🇷🇺RU: приказы, and traderstrader (noun)People who buy and sell goods.≈ Synonym: merchants🇺🇿UZ: savdogarlar🇷🇺RU: торговцы used it to list goodsgoods (noun)Things that are made or grown to be sold.≈ Synonym: products🇺🇿UZ: tovarlar🇷🇺RU: товары they wanted to buybuy (verb)To get something by paying money.≈ Synonym: purchase🇺🇿UZ: sotib olmoq🇷🇺RU: покупать or sellsell (verb)To give something to someone for money.🇺🇿UZ: sotmoq🇷🇺RU: продавать. Later, people began to write down poemspoem (noun)Pieces of writing that express feelings or ideas, often with rhythm.≈ Synonym: verses🇺🇿UZ: she'rlar🇷🇺RU: стихи, songs, and historieshistory (noun)Written accounts of past events.≈ Synonym: chronicles🇺🇿UZ: tarixiy hikoyalar🇷🇺RU: исторические повествования.
Over time, writing systems became easier to use. The alphabetalphabet (noun)A set of letters used to write the sounds of a language.≈ Synonym: letter system🇺🇿UZ: alifbo🇷🇺RU: алфавит was one of the biggest changeschange (noun)When something becomes different.🇺🇿UZ: o'zgarish🇷🇺RU: изменение. It used simple lettersletter (noun)Written symbols that represent the sounds of a language.≈ Synonym: characters🇺🇿UZ: harflar🇷🇺RU: буквы to show sounds, and people could learn it more easily than systems with hundreds of symbolssymbol (noun)Signs or marks that represent something else.≈ Synonym: signs🇺🇿UZ: belgilar, ramzlar🇷🇺RU: символы. Today, we use alphabets and other writing systems all over the world.
Writing has changed human life forever. It allows us to share ideas across time and distancedistance (noun)The amount of space between two points in place or time.≈ Synonym: span🇺🇿UZ: masofa🇷🇺RU: расстояние. From ancient clay tablets to modernmodern (adj)Belonging to the present time; new and up to date.≈ Synonym: contemporary🇺🇿UZ: zamonaviy🇷🇺RU: современный emailsemail (noun)A message sent from one computer or phone to another.🇺🇿UZ: elektron xat🇷🇺RU: электронное письмо, writing continuescontinue (verb)To keep happening or doing something.≈ Synonym: go on🇺🇿UZ: davom etmoq🇷🇺RU: продолжать(ся) to connectconnect (verb)To join or link people or things together.≈ Synonym: link🇺🇿UZ: bog'lamoq🇷🇺RU: связывать people everywhere.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (70–100 words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | inventionnoun | ixtirolar | изобретения | The printing press was one of the greatest inventions in history. |
| 2 | humanadjective | insoniy, inson | человеческий | The human body is about 60% water. |
| 3 | shareverb | bo'lishmoq, ulashmoq | делиться | My friends and I share everything — even our secrets. |
| 4 | picturenoun | rasm | картинка, рисунок | The children drew pictures of their families. |
| 5 | workverb | ish bermoq, natija bermoq | работать, срабатывать | My plan worked — we arrived on time. |
| 6 | recordverb | yozib qo'ymoq, qayd etmoq | записывать | The nurse recorded my height and weight. |
| 7 | informationnoun | ma'lumot | информация | You can find more information on our website. |
| 8 | beginverb | boshlandi | началось | The concert will begin at seven o'clock. |
| 9 | systemnoun | tizimlar | системы | Our school has a new online system for homework. |
| 10 | appearverb | paydo bo'ldi | появились | A rainbow appeared in the sky after the storm. |
| 11 | oldadjective | eng qadimgi | самый древний | This is one of the oldest mosques in Bukhara. |
| 12 | ancientadjective | qadimiy | древний | We visited the ancient city of Afrosiyob. |
| 13 | clay tablet | loydan yasalgan taxtachalar | глиняные таблички | Some clay tablets are over four thousand years old. |
| 14 | toolnoun | asbob | инструмент | A good knife is the most important tool in a kitchen. |
| 15 | stylusnoun | yozuv tayoqchasi | стило | You can draw on this tablet with a stylus. |
| 16 | marknoun | belgilar | знаки, отметки | The teacher put a red mark next to my mistake. |
| 17 | createverb | yaratmoq | создавать | She created a beautiful painting for her mother. |
| 18 | hieroglyphicsnoun | ierogliflar | иероглифы | We couldn't read the hieroglyphics on the wall. |
| 19 | objectnoun | narsalar, buyumlar | предметы | There were strange objects on the museum shelves. |
| 20 | possibleadjective | mumkin bo'lgan | возможный | Is it possible to change my ticket? |
| 21 | tradenoun | savdo | торговля | The Silk Road was important for trade between East and West. |
| 22 | lawnoun | qonunlar | законы | In many countries, it's against the law to drive without a licence. |
| 23 | factnoun | faktlar | факты | It's a fact that water boils at 100 degrees. |
| 24 | kingnoun | shohlar, podshohlar | короли | The king lived in a huge palace. |
| 25 | ordernoun | buyruqlar | приказы | The captain gave orders to his men. |
| 26 | tradernoun | savdogarlar | торговцы | Traders from China sold silk in Samarkand. |
| 27 | goodsnoun | tovarlar | товары | The shop sells household goods at low prices. |
| 28 | buyverb | sotib olmoq | покупать | I want to buy a new phone. |
| 29 | sellverb | sotmoq | продавать | They sell fresh bread at the corner shop. |
| 30 | poemnoun | she'rlar | стихи | Alisher Navoi wrote thousands of beautiful poems. |
| 31 | historynoun | tarixiy hikoyalar | исторические повествования | My grandfather loves reading about Uzbek history. |
| 32 | alphabetnoun | alifbo | алфавит | The English alphabet has twenty-six letters. |
| 33 | changenoun | o'zgarish | изменение | There have been many changes in our town. |
| 34 | letternoun | harflar | буквы | Write your name in capital letters. |
| 35 | symbolnoun | belgilar, ramzlar | символы | The symbol “+” means “plus.” |
| 36 | distancenoun | masofa | расстояние | We could see the mountains in the distance. |
| 37 | modernadjective | zamonaviy | современный | Tashkent has many modern buildings. |
| 38 | emailnoun | elektron xat | электронное письмо | I get about twenty emails every day. |
| 39 | continueverb | davom etmoq | продолжать(ся) | The rain continued all day. |
| 40 | connectverb | bog'lamoq | связывать | The new bridge connects the two parts of the city. |