Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
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Before the inventioninvention (noun)Something that has been created or designed for the first time.≈ Synonym: creation🇺🇿UZ: ixtiro🇷🇺RU: изобретение of the telephone, people could only communicate over long distancesdistance (noun)The amount of space between two places.≈ Synonym: spans🇺🇿UZ: masofalar🇷🇺RU: расстояния by sending letters or using telegraphstelegraph (noun)Old devices or systems used to send short messages using electrical signals.≈ Synonym: wire-message system🇺🇿UZ: telegraf🇷🇺RU: телеграф. Letters could take many days or weeks to arrivearrive (verb)To reach a place after travelling.≈ Synonym: reach🇺🇿UZ: yetib bormoq🇷🇺RU: прибывать, and telegraph messagesmessage (noun)Short pieces of information sent from one person to another.≈ Synonym: notes🇺🇿UZ: xabarlar🇷🇺RU: сообщения were short and often difficultdifficult (adj)Not easy to do or understand.≈ Synonym: hard🇺🇿UZ: qiyin🇷🇺RU: трудный to understand. The telephone changed everything by allowingallow (verb)Making it possible for something to happen.≈ Synonym: enabling🇺🇿UZ: imkon berish, ruxsat berish🇷🇺RU: позволяя people to talk to each other, even when they were far apartfar apartSeparated by a long distance.≈ Synonym: a long way from each other🇺🇿UZ: bir-biridan uzoqda🇷🇺RU: далеко друг от друга.
The first telephone was made by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Bell was born in Scotland but lived in the United States. He was very interestedinterested (adj)Wanting to know or learn more about something.≈ Synonym: curious🇺🇿UZ: qiziqqan🇷🇺RU: заинтересованный in sounds and how people speak, partlypartly (adv)To some extent, but not completely.≈ Synonym: in part🇺🇿UZ: qisman🇷🇺RU: частично because his mother was deafdeaf (adj)Unable to hear, partly or completely.≈ Synonym: hearing-impaired🇺🇿UZ: kar, eshitmaydigan🇷🇺RU: глухой. This interest ledlead (verb)Caused someone to do something or caused a result to happen.≈ Synonym: caused🇺🇿UZ: olib keldi, sabab bo'ldi🇷🇺RU: привело (к) him to study ways of sending sound through wireswire (noun)Long, thin pieces of metal used to carry electricity or signals.≈ Synonym: cables🇺🇿UZ: simlar🇷🇺RU: провода.
Bell’s first telephone was a simple machine. It had a small microphonemicrophone (noun)A device that takes in sound and turns it into an electrical signal.≈ Synonym: mic🇺🇿UZ: mikrofon🇷🇺RU: микрофон and a speakerspeaker (noun)A device that turns electrical signals back into sound.≈ Synonym: loudspeaker🇺🇿UZ: karnay, dinamik🇷🇺RU: динамик. When someone spokespeak (verb)Said words out loud; talked.≈ Synonym: talked🇺🇿UZ: gapirdi, so'zladi🇷🇺RU: говорил into the microphone, their voicevoice (noun)The sound a person makes when speaking.≈ Synonym: tone🇺🇿UZ: ovoz🇷🇺RU: голос was turned intoturn intoChanged and became something different.≈ Synonym: converted into🇺🇿UZ: aylandi, o'zgardi🇷🇺RU: превратился в electrical signalselectrical signalPatterns of electricity used to carry information.≈ Synonym: electric pulses🇺🇿UZ: elektr signallari🇷🇺RU: электрические сигналы. These signals travelledtravel (verb)Moved from one place to another.≈ Synonym: moved🇺🇿UZ: harakatlandi, o'tdi🇷🇺RU: прошли, передвигались through wires to another telephone, where the speaker changed the signals back into sound. This was the first time people could hear a real voice from far away.
At first, very few people had telephones. The machines were large and expensiveexpensive (adj)Costing a lot of money.≈ Synonym: costly🇺🇿UZ: qimmat🇷🇺RU: дорогой, and only richrich (adj)Having a lot of money or wealth.≈ Synonym: wealthy🇺🇿UZ: boy🇷🇺RU: богатый people or businessesbusiness (noun)Organisations that buy, sell, or make things to earn money.≈ Synonym: companies🇺🇿UZ: korxonalar, kompaniyalar🇷🇺RU: предприятия could affordafford (verb)To have enough money to be able to pay for something.≈ Synonym: pay for🇺🇿UZ: pul yetkazmoq, sotib ola olmoq🇷🇺RU: позволить себе them. But over time, telephones became smaller, cheapercheap (adj)Costing less money.≈ Synonym: less costly🇺🇿UZ: arzonroq🇷🇺RU: дешевле, and easier to use. More and more people started using them, and soon telephones became commoncommon (adj)Found or happening often; usual, not rare.≈ Synonym: widespread🇺🇿UZ: keng tarqalgan, odatiy🇷🇺RU: обычный, распространённый in homes and officesoffice (noun)Rooms or buildings where people do business or administrative work.≈ Synonym: workplaces🇺🇿UZ: ofislar🇷🇺RU: офисы.
Today, telephones are a normalnormal (adj)Usual and expected; not unusual.≈ Synonym: ordinary🇺🇿UZ: odatiy, oddiy🇷🇺RU: нормальный part of life. People can call friends and family anywhere in the world. Mobile phonesmobile phonePortable telephones that people can carry and use anywhere.≈ Synonym: cell phones🇺🇿UZ: mobil telefonlar🇷🇺RU: мобильные телефоны and the internet have made it even easier to stay in touchstay in touchTo continue communicating with someone regularly.≈ Synonym: keep in contact🇺🇿UZ: aloqada bo'lish🇷🇺RU: поддерживать связь. The invention of the telephone has truly changed the way we live.