Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Researchersresearcher (noun)People who carry out academic study.≈ Synonym: scientists🇺🇿UZ: tadqiqotchi🇷🇺RU: исследователь estimateestimate (verb)To roughly calculate a value.≈ Synonym: calculate approximately🇺🇿UZ: taxminan hisoblamoq🇷🇺RU: оценивать, подсчитывать that habitshabit (noun)Regular practices or tendencies.≈ Synonym: routines🇺🇿UZ: odat🇷🇺RU: привычка — actionsaction (noun)Things done; acts.≈ Synonym: acts🇺🇿UZ: harakat, ish🇷🇺RU: действие, поступок we perform so often they become almost automaticautomatic (adj)Done without conscious thought.≈ Synonym: unconscious🇺🇿UZ: avtomatik🇷🇺RU: автоматический — make up close to half of our daily behaviourbehaviour (noun)The way a person acts.≈ Synonym: conduct🇺🇿UZ: xulq-atvor🇷🇺RU: поведение. From brushingbrush (verb)To clean with a brush.🇺🇿UZ: tish cho'tkalamoq, cho'tkalamoq🇷🇺RU: чистить щёткой our teeth to checking our phones, many of the things we do each day require little consciousconscious (adj)Noticing and thinking about something.≈ Synonym: aware🇺🇿UZ: ongli🇷🇺RU: сознательный thoughtthought (noun)The act or process of thinking.≈ Synonym: consideration🇺🇿UZ: fikr, o'ylash🇷🇺RU: мысль, размышление at all, simply because our brains have learned to perform them almost effortlesslyeffortlessly (adverb)Without any apparent effort.≈ Synonym: easily🇺🇿UZ: zo'riqmasdan, osongina🇷🇺RU: без усилий.
Habits form through a process that scientists often describe using a looploop (noun)A repeated sequence of events.≈ Synonym: cycle🇺🇿UZ: aylana, takrorlanuvchi zanjir🇷🇺RU: петля, цикл of three parts: a cuecue (noun)A signal that prompts an action.≈ Synonym: trigger🇺🇿UZ: signal, ishora🇷🇺RU: сигнал, подсказка, a routineroutine (noun)A regular, fixed pattern of activity.≈ Synonym: habit🇺🇿UZ: odatiy tartib, takroriy ish🇷🇺RU: привычный порядок, рутина, and a rewardreward (noun)Something given in return for an action.≈ Synonym: benefit🇺🇿UZ: mukofot🇷🇺RU: награда. The cue is a signal that triggerstrigger (verb)Causes something to happen or begin.≈ Synonym: sets off🇺🇿UZ: qo'zg'atmoq, boshlab yubormoq🇷🇺RU: вызывать, запускать the behaviour, such as feeling tired in the morning. The routine is the action itself, like making coffee. The reward is the positive outcomeoutcome (noun)The result or consequence of something.≈ Synonym: result🇺🇿UZ: natija🇷🇺RU: результат that follows, such as feeling more alertalert (adj)Awake and able to think clearly.≈ Synonym: awake🇺🇿UZ: hushyor, tetik🇷🇺RU: бодрый, внимательный. Over time, as this loop repeatsrepeat (verb)Happens again in the same way.≈ Synonym: recurs🇺🇿UZ: takrorlamoq🇷🇺RU: повторять(ся), the connection between cue and routine becomes strongerstrong (adj)More powerful or firmly established.≈ Synonym: more firmly established🇺🇿UZ: kuchli🇷🇺RU: сильный, until the behaviour requires almost no conscious effort.
This automatic quality is part of what makes habits so powerfulpowerful (adj)Having great strength or influence.≈ Synonym: strong🇺🇿UZ: kuchli🇷🇺RU: мощный — and also what makes unwantedunwanted (adj)Not desired.≈ Synonym: undesired🇺🇿UZ: keraksiz, istalmagan🇷🇺RU: нежелательный habits so difficult to break. Simply deciding to stop a habit rarely works well, because the underlyingunderlying (adj)Real but hidden; at the root of something.≈ Synonym: basic🇺🇿UZ: asl, yashirin (sabab)🇷🇺RU: лежащий в основе cue and reward remain unchangedunchanged (adj)Staying the same.≈ Synonym: the same🇺🇿UZ: o'zgarmagan🇷🇺RU: неизменный. Psychologistspsychologist (noun)Experts who study the mind and behaviour.≈ Synonym: mind experts🇺🇿UZ: psixolog🇷🇺RU: психолог generally recommend a more effectiveeffective (adj)Producing the intended result.≈ Synonym: successful🇺🇿UZ: samarali🇷🇺RU: эффективный approach: keeping the same cue and reward, but replacingreplace (verb)Taking the place of something.≈ Synonym: substituting🇺🇿UZ: almashtirmoq🇷🇺RU: заменять the unwantedunwanted (adj)Not desired.≈ Synonym: undesired🇺🇿UZ: keraksiz, istalmagan🇷🇺RU: нежелательный routine with a different, healthier one.
Building new, positive habits follows a similar principleprinciple (noun)A basic idea that guides a process.≈ Synonym: concept🇺🇿UZ: printsip🇷🇺RU: принцип. Rather than relyingrely (on) (verb)To depend on someone or something.≈ Synonym: depend🇺🇿UZ: tayanmoq🇷🇺RU: полагаться purelypurely (adv)Only; completely.≈ Synonym: only🇺🇿UZ: faqat, sof🇷🇺RU: исключительно, чисто on willpowerwillpower (noun)The ability to control one's own actions.≈ Synonym: self-control🇺🇿UZ: iroda kuchi🇷🇺RU: сила воли, which tends to be limited and easily exhaustedexhausted (adj)Used up; very tired.≈ Synonym: drained🇺🇿UZ: tugagan; holdan toygan🇷🇺RU: истощённый, исчерпанный, it helps to design an environment that makes good habits easier and bad habits harder. For example, someone hoping to read more might leave a book visiblyvisibly (adv)In a way that can be seen.≈ Synonym: clearly🇺🇿UZ: ko'zga ko'rinadigan qilib🇷🇺RU: заметно, на виду on their pillow, while someone trying to reduce screen time might charge their phone in another room overnight.
Ultimatelyultimately (adv)In the end; finally.≈ Synonym: finally🇺🇿UZ: oxir-oqibat🇷🇺RU: в конечном счёте, habits mattermatter (verb)To be important.≈ Synonym: be important🇺🇿UZ: ahamiyatli bo'lmoq🇷🇺RU: иметь значение because they shapeshape (verb)To have a strong influence on how something develops.≈ Synonym: influence🇺🇿UZ: shakllantirmoq🇷🇺RU: формировать outcomes far beyond any single day. Small, consistent routines — whether related to health, work, or learning — tend to compoundcompound (verb)To increase gradually over time.≈ Synonym: accumulate🇺🇿UZ: to'planib kattalashmoq🇷🇺RU: накапливаться, умножаться over months and years, producing results that occasionaloccasional (adj)Happening sometimes, not often.≈ Synonym: rare🇺🇿UZ: vaqti-vaqti bilan bo'ladigan🇷🇺RU: редкий, случайный burstsburst (noun)A short, sudden period of activity.≈ Synonym: outbreak🇺🇿UZ: to'satdan paydo bo'lish, portlash🇷🇺RU: всплеск, приступ of motivation rarely achieve alone. Understanding how habits actually work, rather than relying on willpower alone, may be one of the most practical tools available for lastinglasting (adj)Continuing for a long time.≈ Synonym: permanent🇺🇿UZ: uzoq davom etadigan🇷🇺RU: длительный, прочный personalpersonal (adj)Relating to a particular individual.≈ Synonym: individual🇺🇿UZ: shaxsiy🇷🇺RU: личный change.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (90–120+ words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | researchernoun | tadqiqotchi | исследователь | Researchers studied 1,000 students for two years. |
| 2 | estimateverb | taxminan hisoblamoq | оценивать, подсчитывать | Experts estimate that the city has 3 million people. |
| 3 | habitnoun | odat | привычка | Drinking water in the morning is a healthy habit. |
| 4 | actionnoun | harakat, ish | действие, поступок | Your actions are more important than your words. |
| 5 | automaticadjective | avtomatik | автоматический | After a few weeks, driving becomes automatic. |
| 6 | behaviournoun | xulq-atvor | поведение | His behaviour at the party was very strange. |
| 7 | brushverb | tish cho'tkalamoq, cho'tkalamoq | чистить щёткой | Brush your teeth twice a day. |
| 8 | consciousadjective | ongli | сознательный | She made a conscious effort to be on time. |
| 9 | thoughtnoun | fikr, o'ylash | мысль, размышление | I gave the question a lot of thought. |
| 10 | effortlesslyadverb | zo'riqmasdan, osongina | без усилий | She speaks three languages effortlessly. |
| 11 | loopnoun | aylana, takrorlanuvchi zanjir | петля, цикл | Stress and bad sleep can become a loop. |
| 12 | cuenoun | signal, ishora | сигнал, подсказка | The bell is a cue for the students to stand up. |
| 13 | routinenoun | odatiy tartib, takroriy ish | привычный порядок, рутина | Brushing my teeth is part of my evening routine. |
| 14 | rewardnoun | mukofot | награда | A cup of tea is my reward after cleaning the house. |
| 15 | triggerverb | qo'zg'atmoq, boshlab yubormoq | вызывать, запускать | The smell of bread triggers happy memories. |
| 16 | outcomenoun | natija | результат | We are waiting for the outcome of the election. |
| 17 | alertadjective | hushyor, tetik | бодрый, внимательный | Coffee helps me stay alert. |
| 18 | repeatverb | takrorlamoq | повторять(ся) | History often repeats itself. |
| 19 | strongadjective | kuchli | сильный | The wind is getting stronger. |
| 20 | powerfuladjective | kuchli | мощный | Habits are powerful — they can change your life. |
| 21 | unwantedadjective | keraksiz, istalmagan | нежелательный | Delete unwanted emails every week. |
| 22 | underlyingadjective | asl, yashirin (sabab) | лежащий в основе | Stress is often the underlying cause of headaches. |
| 23 | unchangedadjective | o'zgarmagan | неизменный | The price remains unchanged. |
| 24 | psychologistnoun | psixolog | психолог | Psychologists study how people think and behave. |
| 25 | effectiveadjective | samarali | эффективный | This is the most effective way to remember words. |
| 26 | replaceverb | almashtirmoq | заменять | Try replacing sweets with fruit. |
| 27 | principlenoun | printsip | принцип | The same principle works for learning languages. |
| 28 | rely (on)verb | tayanmoq | полагаться | Stop relying on your parents for money. |
| 29 | purelyadverb | faqat, sof | исключительно, чисто | I chose the job purely for the money. |
| 30 | willpowernoun | iroda kuchi | сила воли | It takes willpower to stop eating sugar. |
| 31 | exhaustedadjective | tugagan; holdan toygan | истощённый, исчерпанный | I was exhausted after the long journey. |
| 32 | visiblyadverb | ko'zga ko'rinadigan qilib | заметно, на виду | She was visibly nervous before her speech. |
| 33 | ultimatelyadverb | oxir-oqibat | в конечном счёте | Ultimately, the decision is yours. |
| 34 | matterverb | ahamiyatli bo'lmoq | иметь значение | Small details matter. |
| 35 | shapeverb | shakllantirmoq | формировать | Books shaped my view of the world. |
| 36 | compoundverb | to'planib kattalashmoq | накапливаться, умножаться | Small savings compound over the years. |
| 37 | occasionaladjective | vaqti-vaqti bilan bo'ladigan | редкий, случайный | I have an occasional coffee, but I prefer tea. |
| 38 | burstnoun | to'satdan paydo bo'lish, portlash | всплеск, приступ | He works in short bursts of energy. |
| 39 | lastingadjective | uzoq davom etadigan | длительный, прочный | The trip left a lasting impression on me. |
| 40 | personaladjective | shaxsiy | личный | This is a personal question — you don't have to answer. |