Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Researchersresearcher (noun)People who carry out academic study.≈ Synonym: scientists🇺🇿UZ: tadqiqotchilar🇷🇺RU: исследователи estimateestimate (verb)To roughly calculate a value.≈ Synonym: calculate approximately🇺🇿UZ: taxmin qilmoq🇷🇺RU: оценивать (приблизительно) that habitshabit (noun)Regular practices or tendencies.≈ Synonym: routines🇺🇿UZ: odatlar🇷🇺RU: привычки — actionsaction (noun)Things done; acts.≈ Synonym: acts🇺🇿UZ: harakatlar🇷🇺RU: действия we perform so often they become almost automaticautomatic (adj)Done without conscious thought.≈ Synonym: unconscious🇺🇿UZ: avtomatik🇷🇺RU: автоматический — make up close to half of our daily behaviourbehaviour (noun)The way a person acts.≈ Synonym: conduct🇺🇿UZ: xulq-atvor🇷🇺RU: поведение. From brushing our teeth to checking our phones, many of the things we do each day require little conscious thoughtthought (noun)The act or process of thinking.≈ Synonym: consideration🇺🇿UZ: fikr🇷🇺RU: размышление at all, simply because our brains have learned to perform them almost effortlesslyeffortlessly (adverb)Without any apparent effort.≈ Synonym: easily🇺🇿UZ: osonlik bilan🇷🇺RU: без усилий.
Habits form through a process that scientists often describe using a looploop (noun)A repeated sequence of events.≈ Synonym: cycle🇺🇿UZ: aylanma🇷🇺RU: цикл of three parts: a cuecue (noun)A signal that prompts an action.≈ Synonym: trigger🇺🇿UZ: signal (imo)🇷🇺RU: сигнал (стимул), a routineroutine (noun)A regular, fixed pattern of activity.≈ Synonym: habit🇺🇿UZ: odat (tartib)🇷🇺RU: рутина, and a rewardreward (noun)Something given in return for an action.≈ Synonym: benefit🇺🇿UZ: mukofot🇷🇺RU: награда. The cue is a signal that triggerstrigger (verb)Causes something to happen or begin.≈ Synonym: sets off🇺🇿UZ: qo'zg'atadi🇷🇺RU: запускает the behaviour, such as feeling tired in the morning. The routine is the actionaction (noun)The process of doing something.≈ Synonym: activity🇺🇿UZ: harakat🇷🇺RU: действие itself, like making coffee. The reward is the positive outcomeoutcome (noun)The result or consequence of something.≈ Synonym: result🇺🇿UZ: natija🇷🇺RU: результат that follows, such as feeling more alert. Over time, as this loop repeatsrepeat (verb)Happens again in the same way.≈ Synonym: recurs🇺🇿UZ: takrorlanadi🇷🇺RU: повторяется, the connection between cue and routine becomes strongerstrong (adj)More powerful or firmly established.≈ Synonym: more firmly established🇺🇿UZ: kuchliroq🇷🇺RU: сильнее, until the behaviour requires almost no conscious effort.
This automatic quality is part of what makes habits so powerfulpowerful (adj)Having great strength or influence.≈ Synonym: strong🇺🇿UZ: kuchli🇷🇺RU: мощный — and also what makes unwantedunwanted (adj)Not desired.≈ Synonym: undesired🇺🇿UZ: istalmagan🇷🇺RU: нежелательный habits so difficult to break. Simply deciding to stop a habit rarely works well, because the underlying cue and reward remain unchanged. Psychologistspsychologist (noun)Experts who study the mind and behaviour.≈ Synonym: mind experts🇺🇿UZ: psixologlar🇷🇺RU: психологи generally recommend a more effectiveeffective (adj)Producing the intended result.≈ Synonym: successful🇺🇿UZ: samarali🇷🇺RU: эффективный approach: keeping the same cue and reward, but replacingreplace (verb)Taking the place of something.≈ Synonym: substituting🇺🇿UZ: almashtirib🇷🇺RU: заменяя the unwantedunwanted (adj)Not desired.≈ Synonym: undesired🇺🇿UZ: istalmagan🇷🇺RU: нежелательный routine with a different, healthier one.
Building new, positive habits follows a similar principleprinciple (noun)A basic idea that guides a process.≈ Synonym: concept🇺🇿UZ: printsip🇷🇺RU: принцип. Rather than relying purely on willpowerwillpower (noun)The ability to control one's own actions.≈ Synonym: self-control🇺🇿UZ: iroda kuchi🇷🇺RU: сила воли, which tends to be limited and easily exhausted, it helps to design an environment that makes good habits easier and bad habits harder. For example, someone hoping to read more might leave a book visibly on their pillow, while someone trying to reduce screen time might charge their phone in another room overnight.
Ultimately, habits mattermatter (verb)To be important.≈ Synonym: be important🇺🇿UZ: ahamiyatga ega bo'lmoq🇷🇺RU: иметь значение because they shapeshape (verb)To have a strong influence on how something develops.≈ Synonym: influence🇺🇿UZ: shakllantirmoq🇷🇺RU: формировать outcomes far beyond any single day. Small, consistent routinesroutine (noun)Regular, fixed patterns of activity.≈ Synonym: habits🇺🇿UZ: kundalik tartib🇷🇺RU: распорядок — whether related to health, work, or learning — tend to compoundcompound (verb)To increase gradually over time.≈ Synonym: accumulate🇺🇿UZ: to'planib boradi🇷🇺RU: накапливаться over months and years, producing results that occasional bursts of motivation rarely achieve alone. Understanding how habits actually work, rather than relying on willpower alone, may be one of the most practical tools available for lasting personalpersonal (adj)Relating to a particular individual.≈ Synonym: individual🇺🇿UZ: shaxsiy🇷🇺RU: личный change.