Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Volcanoes are often seensee (verb)Regarded or considered in a certain way.≈ Synonym: regarded🇺🇿UZ: qaraladi🇷🇺RU: рассматриваются as purely destructivedestructive (adj)Causing great damage.≈ Synonym: damaging🇺🇿UZ: vayronkor🇷🇺RU: разрушительный forces, capablecapable (adj)Having the ability to do something.≈ Synonym: able🇺🇿UZ: qodir🇷🇺RU: способный of buryingbury (verb)Covering something completely with earth or ash.≈ Synonym: covering🇺🇿UZ: ko'mib tashlash🇷🇺RU: погребение cities and reshapingreshape (verb)Giving something a new form.≈ Synonym: reforming🇺🇿UZ: shaklini o'zgartirish🇷🇺RU: изменение формы landscapes in a matter of hours. Yet these dramaticdramatic (adj)Sudden and striking.≈ Synonym: striking🇺🇿UZ: keskin🇷🇺RU: драматичный geologicalgeological (adj)Relating to the physical structure of the Earth.≈ Synonym: geologic🇺🇿UZ: geologik🇷🇺RU: геологический features have also played an essentialessential (adj)Absolutely necessary.≈ Synonym: vital🇺🇿UZ: muhim🇷🇺RU: необходимый role in shaping the planetplanet (noun)A large body in space, such as Earth.≈ Synonym: world🇺🇿UZ: sayyora🇷🇺RU: планета we live on, from creating new land to enrichingenrich (verb)Improving the quality of something.≈ Synonym: improving🇺🇿UZ: boyitish🇷🇺RU: обогащение soilsoil (noun)The top layer of earth in which plants grow.≈ Synonym: earth🇺🇿UZ: tuproq🇷🇺RU: почва for farming.
A volcano forms when moltenmolten (adj)Melted, especially by great heat.≈ Synonym: liquefied🇺🇿UZ: eritilgan🇷🇺RU: расплавленный rock, known as magmamagma (noun)Molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface.≈ Synonym: molten rock🇺🇿UZ: magma🇷🇺RU: магма, rises from deep within the Earth and reaches the surfacesurface (noun)The outer or top layer of something.≈ Synonym: top layer🇺🇿UZ: yuza🇷🇺RU: поверхность, where it is called lavalava (noun)Molten rock that has reached Earth's surface.≈ Synonym: molten rock flow🇺🇿UZ: lava🇷🇺RU: лава. This process usually occursoccur (verb)Happens or takes place.≈ Synonym: happens🇺🇿UZ: sodir bo'ladi🇷🇺RU: происходит at the boundaries between tectonic platestectonic plate (noun)Huge sections of Earth's outer layer that move slowly.≈ Synonym: crustal plates🇺🇿UZ: tektonik plitalar🇷🇺RU: тектонические плиты, the huge sectionssection (noun)Distinct parts of something.≈ Synonym: parts🇺🇿UZ: qismlar🇷🇺RU: участки of Earth's outer layer that slowly movemove (verb)To change position.≈ Synonym: shift🇺🇿UZ: harakatlanmoq🇷🇺RU: двигаться over time. When plates pull apart, collidecollide (verb)To crash together with force.≈ Synonym: crash together🇺🇿UZ: to'qnashmoq🇷🇺RU: сталкиваться, or slide past each other, magma can find pathwayspathway (noun)Routes or channels for movement.≈ Synonym: routes🇺🇿UZ: yo'llar🇷🇺RU: пути to the surface, sometimes causing dramatic eruptionseruption (noun)Sudden releases of material from a volcano.≈ Synonym: explosions🇺🇿UZ: otilishlar🇷🇺RU: извержения.
Not all volcanic activity looks the same. Some volcanoes erupt gentlygently (adverb)In a mild, calm way.≈ Synonym: softly🇺🇿UZ: muloyimlik bilan🇷🇺RU: мягко, with lava flowingflow (verb)Moving steadily and continuously.≈ Synonym: streaming🇺🇿UZ: oqib🇷🇺RU: текущий slowly across the ground, while others erupt explosivelyexplosively (adverb)In a sudden, violent manner.≈ Synonym: violently🇺🇿UZ: portlash bilan🇷🇺RU: взрывоопасно, sending ash, gas, and rock high into the atmosphereatmosphere (noun)The layer of gases surrounding a planet.≈ Synonym: air layer🇺🇿UZ: atmosfera🇷🇺RU: атмосфера. These explosive eruptions can be extremely dangerousdangerous (adj)Likely to cause harm.≈ Synonym: hazardous🇺🇿UZ: xavfli🇷🇺RU: опасный, threateningthreaten (verb)Posing a danger to something.≈ Synonym: endangering🇺🇿UZ: tahdid solayotgan🇷🇺RU: угрожающий nearby communities and even affecting global weatherweather (noun)The state of the atmosphere at a place and time.≈ Synonym: conditions🇺🇿UZ: ob-havo🇷🇺RU: погода patterns for months afterwards by blockingblock (verb)Preventing something from passing through.≈ Synonym: obstructing🇺🇿UZ: to'sib qo'yish🇷🇺RU: блокирование sunlight with ash and gas particlesparticle (noun)Extremely small pieces of matter.≈ Synonym: tiny fragments🇺🇿UZ: zarralar🇷🇺RU: частицы.
Despite these dangers, volcanic regions are often densely populatedpopulated (adj)Inhabited by people.≈ Synonym: inhabited🇺🇿UZ: aholi yashaydigan🇷🇺RU: населённый. One major reason is soil fertilityfertility (noun)The quality of being rich and productive.≈ Synonym: richness🇺🇿UZ: unumdorlik🇷🇺RU: плодородие: volcanic ash breaks down over time into extremely rich soil, ideal for growing crops. Countries such as Indonesia and Italy have long farmed the fertile land near activeactive (adj)Currently capable of erupting.≈ Synonym: live🇺🇿UZ: faol🇷🇺RU: действующий volcanoes, accepting the risks in exchange for highly productive agricultureagriculture (noun)The practice of farming.≈ Synonym: farming🇺🇿UZ: qishloq xo'jaligi🇷🇺RU: сельское хозяйство.
Volcanoes have also shaped the planet on a much larger scale. Many islands, including Hawaii and Iceland, were formed entirelyentirely (adverb)Completely; in every way.≈ Synonym: completely🇺🇿UZ: butunlay🇷🇺RU: полностью by volcanic activity building up from the ocean floor over millions of years. Even Earth's early atmosphere is believed to have been formed largely through gases released by ancient volcanicvolcanic (adj)Relating to volcanoes.≈ Synonym: relating to volcanoes🇺🇿UZ: vulqonik🇷🇺RU: вулканический eruptions. Far from being only a threat, volcanoes are a powerful reminder of the constant, restless forcesforce (noun)Powerful natural influences.≈ Synonym: powers🇺🇿UZ: kuchlar🇷🇺RU: силы that continue to shape our world.