Daily Reading Practice · Nonfiction passage
Any word, any time — right from this page.
Volcanoes are often seensee (as) (verb)Regarded or considered in a certain way.≈ Synonym: regarded🇺🇿UZ: (...deb) qaramoq, hisoblamoq🇷🇺RU: считать, рассматривать (как) as purely destructivedestructive (adj)Causing great damage.≈ Synonym: damaging🇺🇿UZ: vayronkor🇷🇺RU: разрушительный forces, capablecapable (of) (adj)Having the ability to do something.≈ Synonym: able🇺🇿UZ: (...ga) qodir🇷🇺RU: способный (на) of buryingbury (verb)Covering something completely with earth or ash.≈ Synonym: covering🇺🇿UZ: ko'mmoq🇷🇺RU: хоронить, засыпать cities and reshapingreshape (verb)Giving something a new form.≈ Synonym: reforming🇺🇿UZ: qayta shakllantirmoq🇷🇺RU: менять форму, перестраивать landscapes in a matter of hours. Yet these dramaticdramatic (adj)Sudden and striking.≈ Synonym: striking🇺🇿UZ: keskin, ajoyib (ta'sirchan)🇷🇺RU: резкий, впечатляющий geologicalgeological (adj)Relating to the physical structure of the Earth.≈ Synonym: geologic🇺🇿UZ: geologik🇷🇺RU: геологический features have also played an essentialessential (adj)Absolutely necessary.≈ Synonym: vital🇺🇿UZ: zarur, juda muhim🇷🇺RU: необходимый role in shaping the planetplanet (noun)A large body in space, such as Earth.≈ Synonym: world🇺🇿UZ: sayyora🇷🇺RU: планета we live on, from creating new land to enrichingenrich (verb)Improving the quality of something.≈ Synonym: improving🇺🇿UZ: boyitmoq🇷🇺RU: обогащать soilsoil (noun)The top layer of earth in which plants grow.≈ Synonym: earth🇺🇿UZ: tuproq🇷🇺RU: почва for farming.
A volcano forms when moltenmolten (adj)Melted, especially by great heat.≈ Synonym: liquefied🇺🇿UZ: eritilgan🇷🇺RU: расплавленный rock, known as magmamagma (noun)Molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface.≈ Synonym: molten rock🇺🇿UZ: magma🇷🇺RU: магма, rises from deep within the Earth and reaches the surfacesurface (noun)The outer or top layer of something.≈ Synonym: top layer🇺🇿UZ: yuza🇷🇺RU: поверхность, where it is called lavalava (noun)Molten rock that has reached Earth's surface.≈ Synonym: molten rock flow🇺🇿UZ: lava🇷🇺RU: лава. This process usually occursoccur (verb)Happens or takes place.≈ Synonym: happens🇺🇿UZ: sodir bo'lmoq🇷🇺RU: происходить at the boundariesboundary (noun)A line that marks the edge of an area.≈ Synonym: border🇺🇿UZ: chegara🇷🇺RU: граница between tectonic platestectonic plate (noun)Huge sections of Earth's outer layer that move slowly.≈ Synonym: crustal plates🇺🇿UZ: tektonik plita🇷🇺RU: тектоническая плита, the huge sectionssection (noun)Distinct parts of something.≈ Synonym: parts🇺🇿UZ: qism, bo'lim🇷🇺RU: часть, участок of Earth's outer layer that slowly movemove (verb)To change position.≈ Synonym: shift🇺🇿UZ: harakatlanmoq🇷🇺RU: двигаться over time. When plates pull apart, collidecollide (verb)To crash together with force.≈ Synonym: crash together🇺🇿UZ: to'qnashmoq🇷🇺RU: сталкиваться, or slide past each other, magma can find pathwayspathway (noun)Routes or channels for movement.≈ Synonym: routes🇺🇿UZ: yo'l, yo'lak🇷🇺RU: путь, проход to the surface, sometimes causing dramatic eruptionseruption (noun)Sudden releases of material from a volcano.≈ Synonym: explosions🇺🇿UZ: otilish (vulqon)🇷🇺RU: извержение.
Not all volcanic activity looks the same. Some volcanoes erupt gentlygently (adverb)In a mild, calm way.≈ Synonym: softly🇺🇿UZ: muloyim, sekin🇷🇺RU: мягко, осторожно, with lava flowingflow (verb)Moving steadily and continuously.≈ Synonym: streaming🇺🇿UZ: oqmoq🇷🇺RU: течь slowly across the ground, while others erupt explosivelyexplosively (adverb)In a sudden, violent manner.≈ Synonym: violently🇺🇿UZ: portlab, keskin🇷🇺RU: взрывообразно, sending ash, gas, and rock high into the atmosphereatmosphere (noun)The layer of gases surrounding a planet.≈ Synonym: air layer🇺🇿UZ: atmosfera🇷🇺RU: атмосфера. These explosive eruptions can be extremely dangerousdangerous (adj)Likely to cause harm.≈ Synonym: hazardous🇺🇿UZ: xavfli🇷🇺RU: опасный, threateningthreaten (verb)Posing a danger to something.≈ Synonym: endangering🇺🇿UZ: tahdid solmoq🇷🇺RU: угрожать nearby communities and even affecting global weatherweather (noun)The state of the atmosphere at a place and time.≈ Synonym: conditions🇺🇿UZ: ob-havo🇷🇺RU: погода patterns for months afterwards by blockingblock (verb)Preventing something from passing through.≈ Synonym: obstructing🇺🇿UZ: to'smoq🇷🇺RU: блокировать, загораживать sunlight with ash and gas particlesparticle (noun)Extremely small pieces of matter.≈ Synonym: tiny fragments🇺🇿UZ: zarra🇷🇺RU: частица.
Despite these dangers, volcanic regions are often denselydensely (adv)With many people or things in a small area.≈ Synonym: thickly🇺🇿UZ: zich🇷🇺RU: густо, плотно populatedpopulated (adj)Inhabited by people.≈ Synonym: inhabited🇺🇿UZ: aholi yashaydigan🇷🇺RU: населённый. One major reason is soil fertilityfertility (noun)The quality of being rich and productive.≈ Synonym: richness🇺🇿UZ: unumdorlik (tuproq)🇷🇺RU: плодородие: volcanic ash breaks down over time into extremely rich soil, ideal for growing crops. Countries such as Indonesia and Italy have long farmed the fertile land near activeactive (adj)Currently capable of erupting.≈ Synonym: live🇺🇿UZ: faol (vulqon)🇷🇺RU: действующий (о вулкане) volcanoes, accepting the risks in exchange for highly productive agricultureagriculture (noun)The practice of farming.≈ Synonym: farming🇺🇿UZ: qishloq xo'jaligi🇷🇺RU: сельское хозяйство.
Volcanoes have also shaped the planet on a much larger scale. Many islands, including Hawaii and Iceland, were formed entirelyentirely (adverb)Completely; in every way.≈ Synonym: completely🇺🇿UZ: butunlay🇷🇺RU: полностью by volcanic activity building up from the ocean floor over millions of years. Even Earth's early atmosphere is believed to have been formed largely through gases released by ancient volcanicvolcanic (adj)Relating to volcanoes.≈ Synonym: relating to volcanoes🇺🇿UZ: vulqonga oid🇷🇺RU: вулканический eruptions. Far from being only a threat, volcanoes are a powerful reminder of the constant, restless forcesforce (noun)Powerful natural influences.≈ Synonym: powers🇺🇿UZ: kuch🇷🇺RU: сила that continue to shape our world.
In your own words, write a short summary of what you just read (90–120+ words). Don't copy sentences — explain the main ideas.
Every highlighted word from this story with its meaning in Uzbek 🇺🇿 and Russian 🇷🇺, and an example. Tap 🇬🇧 or 🇺🇸 to hear the word or the sentence in a British or American accent.
| # | 🇬🇧 | 🇺🇿 | 🇷🇺 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see (as)verb | (...deb) qaramoq, hisoblamoq | считать, рассматривать (как) | He is seen as one of the best teachers in the school. |
| 2 | destructiveadjective | vayronkor | разрушительный | The storm was very destructive. |
| 3 | capable (of)adjective | (...ga) qodir | способный (на) | She is capable of doing much better. |
| 4 | buryverb | ko'mmoq | хоронить, засыпать | The village was buried under snow. |
| 5 | reshapeverb | qayta shakllantirmoq | менять форму, перестраивать | The internet is reshaping education. |
| 6 | dramaticadjective | keskin, ajoyib (ta'sirchan) | резкий, впечатляющий | There has been a dramatic rise in prices. |
| 7 | geologicaladjective | geologik | геологический | The canyon is a famous geological feature. |
| 8 | essentialadjective | zarur, juda muhim | необходимый | Water is essential for life. |
| 9 | planetnoun | sayyora | планета | We need to protect our planet. |
| 10 | enrichverb | boyitmoq | обогащать | Compost enriches the soil. |
| 11 | soilnoun | tuproq | почва | Tomatoes grow well in this soil. |
| 12 | moltenadjective | eritilgan | расплавленный | Gold becomes molten at over 1,000°C. |
| 13 | magmanoun | magma | магма | Magma is hot liquid rock under the ground. |
| 14 | surfacenoun | yuza | поверхность | The surface of the road was icy. |
| 15 | lavanoun | lava | лава | Hot lava flowed down the mountain. |
| 16 | occurverb | sodir bo'lmoq | происходить | Earthquakes often occur in this region. |
| 17 | boundarynoun | chegara | граница | The river forms the boundary between the two countries. |
| 18 | tectonic platenoun | tektonik plita | тектоническая плита | Earthquakes happen when tectonic plates move. |
| 19 | sectionnoun | qism, bo'lim | часть, участок | The road is closed in several sections. |
| 20 | moveverb | harakatlanmoq | двигаться | The clouds move quickly on windy days. |
| 21 | collideverb | to'qnashmoq | сталкиваться | Two cars collided at the crossroads. |
| 22 | pathwaynoun | yo'l, yo'lak | путь, проход | There is a narrow pathway through the garden. |
| 23 | eruptionnoun | otilish (vulqon) | извержение | The eruption covered the town in ash. |
| 24 | gentlyadverb | muloyim, sekin | мягко, осторожно | Close the door gently. |
| 25 | flowverb | oqmoq | течь | Water was flowing down the street after the storm. |
| 26 | explosivelyadverb | portlab, keskin | взрывообразно | The volcano erupted explosively. |
| 27 | atmospherenoun | atmosfera | атмосфера | Ash from the volcano rose high into the atmosphere. |
| 28 | dangerousadjective | xavfli | опасный | It's dangerous to walk on the ice. |
| 29 | threatenverb | tahdid solmoq | угрожать | Rising water is threatening the village. |
| 30 | weathernoun | ob-havo | погода | The weather was perfect for a picnic. |
| 31 | blockverb | to'smoq | блокировать, загораживать | A tall building is blocking our view. |
| 32 | particlenoun | zarra | частица | Dust particles were floating in the sunlight. |
| 33 | denselyadverb | zich | густо, плотно | Tokyo is a densely populated city. |
| 34 | populatedadjective | aholi yashaydigan | населённый | The Fergana Valley is densely populated. |
| 35 | fertilitynoun | unumdorlik (tuproq) | плодородие | Farmers add manure to improve the fertility of the soil. |
| 36 | activeadjective | faol (vulqon) | действующий (о вулкане) | Etna is one of the most active volcanoes in Europe. |
| 37 | agriculturenoun | qishloq xo'jaligi | сельское хозяйство | Agriculture employs a quarter of the population. |
| 38 | entirelyadverb | butunlay | полностью | I entirely agree with you. |
| 39 | volcanicadjective | vulqonga oid | вулканический | The island has black volcanic sand. |
| 40 | forcenoun | kuch | сила | The forces of nature are hard to control. |